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Article

Numerical Analysis on the Scale Effect of a Free-Running Ship’s Manoeuvring Characteristics

1
Department of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
3
Division of Navigation Convergence Studies, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
4
Offshore Products R&D Team, Hawhwa Ocean Co., Ltd., Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020228
Submission received: 10 January 2025 / Revised: 23 January 2025 / Accepted: 24 January 2025 / Published: 25 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Ship Traffic Behaviours)

Abstract

This study focuses on the manoeuvring characteristics of model- and full-scale ships. Various methods, including free-running model tests (FRMTs), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and theoretical approaches, were employed to estimate ship manoeuvring performance. However, these methods are typically simulated at model-scale, which introduces discrepancies in the Reynolds number due to Froude scaling laws. Although numerous studies have investigated scale effects, most have concentrated on ship resistance, with limited research on manoeuvring performance. To address this gap, this study developed a free-running CFD simulation model for both a model-scale and full-scale ONRT. The study involved a detailed analysis of manoeuvring trajectories, forces, and moments. This analysis aimed to highlight differences in manoeuvring performance caused by Reynolds number discrepancies between model- and full-scale ships, providing a quantitative assessment of performance variations across scales and contributing to a more accurate understanding of manoeuvring characteristics at full scale.
Keywords: computational fluid dynamics (CFD); ship manoeuvrability; scale effect; virtual fluid computational fluid dynamics (CFD); ship manoeuvrability; scale effect; virtual fluid

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, W.-S.; Min, G.-S.; Yun, H.-C.; Do, Y.-U.; Kim, K.-M.; Terziev, M.; Dai, S.; Kim, D.; Jung, D.; Song, S. Numerical Analysis on the Scale Effect of a Free-Running Ship’s Manoeuvring Characteristics. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020228

AMA Style

Choi W-S, Min G-S, Yun H-C, Do Y-U, Kim K-M, Terziev M, Dai S, Kim D, Jung D, Song S. Numerical Analysis on the Scale Effect of a Free-Running Ship’s Manoeuvring Characteristics. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(2):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Woo-Seok, Gyeong-Seo Min, Hae-Chan Yun, Young-Uk Do, Kang-Min Kim, Momchil Terziev, Saishuai Dai, Daejeong Kim, Doojin Jung, and Soonseok Song. 2025. "Numerical Analysis on the Scale Effect of a Free-Running Ship’s Manoeuvring Characteristics" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 2: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020228

APA Style

Choi, W.-S., Min, G.-S., Yun, H.-C., Do, Y.-U., Kim, K.-M., Terziev, M., Dai, S., Kim, D., Jung, D., & Song, S. (2025). Numerical Analysis on the Scale Effect of a Free-Running Ship’s Manoeuvring Characteristics. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020228

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