Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physiological Role of Homocysteine
2.1. Cycle
2.2. Circulation and Concentration of HCY in Human Body
3. Pathological Role of Homocysteine
3.1. Alzheimer’s Disease
3.2. Parkinson’s Disease
3.3. Autism
3.4. Schizophrenia
3.5. Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorder
3.6. Vascular Dementia
3.7. Ischemic Stroke
3.8. Epilepsy
3.9. Peripheral Neuritis
3.10. Headache
3.11. Multiple Sclerosis
3.12. Neurodegeneration and Neurovascular Disorders in Diabetes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathology | Reference |
---|---|
Alzheimer’s Disease | [79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86] |
Parkinson’s Disease | [81,87,88,89,90,91,92] |
Autism | [93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103] |
Schizophrenia | [104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117] |
Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorder | [118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134] |
Vascular Dementia | [110,111,112,114,135,136,137,138,139,140] |
Peripheral Neuritis | [80,81,141,142,143,144] |
Stroke | [80,81,145,146,147,148,149] |
Epilepsy | [150,151,152,153,154] |
Headache | [155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164] |
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Cordaro, M.; Siracusa, R.; Fusco, R.; Cuzzocrea, S.; Di Paola, R.; Impellizzeri, D. Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2021, 11, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010037
Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites. 2021; 11(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleCordaro, Marika, Rosalba Siracusa, Roberta Fusco, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Rosanna Di Paola, and Daniela Impellizzeri. 2021. "Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders" Metabolites 11, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010037
APA StyleCordaro, M., Siracusa, R., Fusco, R., Cuzzocrea, S., Di Paola, R., & Impellizzeri, D. (2021). Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites, 11(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010037