Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0

Padawer-Blatt, Aviv; Shao, Zhiwei; Hough, Renier T.; Rennehan, Douglas; Barré, Ruxin; Saeedzadeh, Vida; Babul, Arif; Davé, Romeel; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Cui, Weiguang; Mernier, François; Gozaliasl, Ghassem

doi:10.3390/universe11020047

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Open AccessArticle

Core to Cosmic Edge: `SIMBA-C`’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0

by

Aviv Padawer-Blatt

^1,*

,

Zhiwei Shao

²

,

Renier T. Hough

³

,

Douglas Rennehan

⁴

,

Ruxin Barré

¹

,

Vida Saeedzadeh

⁵

,

Arif Babul

^1,6,7,*

,

Romeel Davé

⁶

,

Chiaki Kobayashi

⁸

,

Weiguang Cui

^9,10

,

François Mernier

^11,12

and

Ghassem Gozaliasl

^13,14

¹

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada

²

Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

³

Center for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

⁴

Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA

⁵

Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

⁶

Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

⁷

Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India

⁸

Centre for Astrophysics Research, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK

⁹

Departamento de Física Téorica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

¹⁰

Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

¹¹

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

¹²

Department of Astronomy, University of Marlyand, College Park, MD 20742, USA

¹³

Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland

¹⁴

Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland

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^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Universe 2025, 11(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020047

Submission received: 23 December 2024 / Revised: 27 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 1 February 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universe: Feature Papers 2024—"Galaxies and Clusters")

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Abstract

We employ the simba-c cosmological simulation to study the impact of its upgraded chemical enrichment model (Chem5) on the distribution of metals in the intragroup medium (IGrM). We investigate the projected X-ray emission-weighted abundance profiles of key elements over two decades in halo mass (

10^{13} \leq M_{500} / M_{⊙} \leq 10^{15}

). Typically, simba-c generates lower-amplitude abundance profiles than simba with flatter cores, in better agreement with observations. For low-mass groups, both simulations over-enrich the IGrM with Si, S, Ca, and Fe compared to observations, a trend likely related to inadequate modeling of metal dispersal and mixing. We analyze the 3D mass-weighted abundance profiles, concluding that the lower simba-c IGrM abundances are primarily a consequence of fewer metals in the IGrM, driven by reduced metal yields in Chem5, and the removal of the instantaneous recycling of metals approximation employed by simba. Additionally, an increased IGrM mass in low-mass simba-c groups is likely triggered by changes to the AGN and stellar feedback models. Our study suggests that a more realistic chemical enrichment model broadly improves agreement with observations, but physically motivated sub-grid models for other key processes, like AGN and stellar feedback and turbulent diffusion, are required to realistically reproduce observed group environments.

Keywords: galaxy groups; intragroup medium; chemical abundances; metallicity; chemical enrichment; cosmological hydrodynamical simulations; X-ray observations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Padawer-Blatt, A.; Shao, Z.; Hough, R.T.; Rennehan, D.; Barré, R.; Saeedzadeh, V.; Babul, A.; Davé, R.; Kobayashi, C.; Cui, W.; et al. Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0. Universe 2025, 11, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020047

AMA Style

Padawer-Blatt A, Shao Z, Hough RT, Rennehan D, Barré R, Saeedzadeh V, Babul A, Davé R, Kobayashi C, Cui W, et al. Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0. Universe. 2025; 11(2):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020047

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padawer-Blatt, Aviv, Zhiwei Shao, Renier T. Hough, Douglas Rennehan, Ruxin Barré, Vida Saeedzadeh, Arif Babul, Romeel Davé, Chiaki Kobayashi, Weiguang Cui, and et al. 2025. "Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0" Universe 11, no. 2: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020047

APA Style

Padawer-Blatt, A., Shao, Z., Hough, R. T., Rennehan, D., Barré, R., Saeedzadeh, V., Babul, A., Davé, R., Kobayashi, C., Cui, W., Mernier, F., & Gozaliasl, G. (2025). Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0. Universe, 11(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11020047

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Core to Cosmic Edge: `SIMBA-C`’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z=0

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