Healthcare

15 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Silver Lining of Posttraumatic Growth around the Dark Side of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A School-Based Intervention with Mindfulness and Character Strengths Practices among Children

by Alexandra Tamiolaki, Argyroula Kalaitzaki, Maria Papadakaki and Elias Kourkoutas

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020283 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1628

Abstract

The theory of posttraumatic growth (PTG) proposes that from life difficulties positive changes can happen, such as deepened personal relationships and an awareness of new possibilities in life. PTG can occur naturally or can be facilitated. This study aimed to promote PTG through [...] Read more.

The theory of posttraumatic growth (PTG) proposes that from life difficulties positive changes can happen, such as deepened personal relationships and an awareness of new possibilities in life. PTG can occur naturally or can be facilitated. This study aimed to promote PTG through a school-based intervention of eight sessions of 45 min each with mindfulness and character strengths practices (the so-called “The exploration of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic”). The study conducted assessments at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up (i.e., one month after the intervention). The post-intervention results showed that the participants in the intervention group experienced an improvement in PTG, well-being, mindfulness, strengths use, and PTS symptoms compared to the children in the control group. Furthermore, these positive changes were sustained at follow-up. The findings of this study highlight that mindfulness-based strengths practices can increase positive outcomes (i.e., well-being, posttraumatic growth) and reduce negative psychological symptoms (PTS) among children. The implications for theory and practice are discussed, and detailed appendices for practitioners are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health in Times of Crisis: New Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment)

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19 pages, 3305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Script Concordance Testing on Clinical Decision-Making in Paramedic Education

by Katarzyna Naylor, Jane Hislop, Kamil Torres, Zakaria A. Mani and Krzysztof Goniewicz

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020282 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1914

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in enhancing clinical reasoning skills within paramedic education. Focusing on the Medical University of Lublin, we evaluated the SCT’s application across two cohorts of paramedic students, aiming to understand its potential to [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in enhancing clinical reasoning skills within paramedic education. Focusing on the Medical University of Lublin, we evaluated the SCT’s application across two cohorts of paramedic students, aiming to understand its potential to improve decision-making skills in emergency scenarios. Our approach, informed by Van der Vleuten’s assessment framework, revealed that while the SCT’s correlation with traditional methods like multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was limited, its formative nature significantly contributed to improved performance in summative assessments. These findings suggest that the SCT can be an effective tool in paramedic training, particularly in strengthening cognitive abilities critical for emergency responses. The study underscores the importance of incorporating innovative assessment tools like SCTs in paramedic curricula, not only to enhance clinical reasoning but also to prepare students for effective emergency responses. Our research contributes to the ongoing efforts in refining paramedic education and highlights the need for versatile assessment strategies in preparing future healthcare professionals for diverse clinical challenges. Full article

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10 pages, 1118 KiB

Open AccessReview

Present and Future of AI-IoT-Based Healthcare Services for Senior Citizens in Local Communities: A Review of a South Korean Government Digital Healthcare Initiatives

by Dong-Jin Kim, Yun-Su Lee, Eun-Raye Jeon and Kwang Joon Kim

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020281 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3818

Abstract

South Korea is promoting digital healthcare services in the public sector. One notable initiative is the “artificial intelligence and the internet of things (AI–IoT)-based healthcare project for senior citizens”, which was implemented by the Korea Health Promotion Institute (KHPI). This project utilized an [...] Read more.

South Korea is promoting digital healthcare services in the public sector. One notable initiative is the “artificial intelligence and the internet of things (AI–IoT)-based healthcare project for senior citizens”, which was implemented by the Korea Health Promotion Institute (KHPI). This project utilized an IoT-based digital healthcare service that integrates information technology and screen-based AI speaker functions. Services through this project are intended for senior citizens aged 65 years (or older) who face challenges in visiting public healthcare institutions owing to limitations on outdoor activities, especially in the post-coronavirus 2019 era. This article shares the recent outcomes of this project and outlines the mid-to-long-term development strategies for this style of South Korean digital healthcare initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Behavior in Online Healthcare)

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17 pages, 683 KiB

Open AccessReview

Interventions for Preventing and Resolving Bullying in Nursing: A Scoping Review

by Corina Elena Luca, Alessia Sartorio, Loris Bonetti and Monica Bianchi

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020280 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6033

Abstract

Bullying in the workplace is a serious problem in nursing and has an impact on the well-being of teams, patients, and organisations. This study’s aim is to map possible interventions designed to prevent or resolve bullying in nursing. A scoping review of primary [...] Read more.

Bullying in the workplace is a serious problem in nursing and has an impact on the well-being of teams, patients, and organisations. This study’s aim is to map possible interventions designed to prevent or resolve bullying in nursing. A scoping review of primary research published in English and Italian between 2011 and 2021 was undertaken from four databases (Cochrane Collaboration, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and PsycInfo). The data were analysed using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist was followed to report the study. Fourteen papers met the review eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed four main themes: educational interventions, cognitive rehearsal, team building, and nursing leaders’ experiences. Interventions enabled nurses to recognise bullying and address it with assertive communication. Further research is needed to demonstrate these interventions’ effectiveness and if they lead to a significant decrease in the short-/long-term frequency of these issues. This review increases the available knowledge and guides nurse leaders in choosing effective interventions. Eradicating this phenomenon from healthcare settings involves active engagement of nurses, regardless of their role, in addition to support from the nurse leaders, the organisations, and professional and health policies. Full article

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16 pages, 1418 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Cross-Sectional and Descriptive Study on the Challenges and Awareness of Hispanic Parents Regarding Their Adolescents’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Jihye Kim and Robyn Scott

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020279 - 22 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1404

Abstract

Research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 20% of children and adolescents in the United States experienced mental health issues that became a significant social concern. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of adolescents maintain positive emotions despite the [...] Read more.

Research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 20% of children and adolescents in the United States experienced mental health issues that became a significant social concern. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of adolescents maintain positive emotions despite the crisis. This cross-sectional and descriptive study delves into the emotional states of adolescents during the pandemic, considering the viewpoints of both adolescents and their parents, with a specific focus on Hispanic adolescents. Survey results revealed that most adolescents reported positive and happy moods. However, a percentage of adolescents experienced worry, significant changes in feelings, and loneliness as a result of the physical and social isolation associated with virtual learning. Unfortunately, most surveyed Hispanic parents did not adequately recognize their adolescents’ mood changes well. This lack of awareness, caused by factors such as an insufficient understanding about the importance of adolescent mental health, cultural reasons, language barriers, low education, unstable jobs, and more, could lead to missed opportunities for timely mental health interventions. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive discussion on the mental health of adolescents, while also advocating for the emotional wellbeing of Hispanic adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations—2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overuse of Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography and Low Utilization of Clinical Prediction Rules in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Patients at a Regional Australian Hospital

by Li Ning Chean, Clement Tan, Matthew I. Hiskens, Marie Rattenbury, Prahalath Sundaram, Jithmy Perara, Karen Smith and Pranav Kumar

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020278 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1412

Abstract

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is an obstruction in the pulmonary arterial system and may include non-specific signs and symptoms. Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) assess the pretest probability (PTP) of a PE to prevent the overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). CTPA overuse [...] Read more.

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is an obstruction in the pulmonary arterial system and may include non-specific signs and symptoms. Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) assess the pretest probability (PTP) of a PE to prevent the overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). CTPA overuse results in patient harm and health system waste. This study aimed to evaluate CTPA usage in an Australian regional hospital through analyzing CTPA encounters. A retrospective chart analysis was undertaken of 100 CTPAs conducted at an Australian regional hospital from April to May 2023. Analysis was undertaken for parameters including risk factors, signs and symptoms, investigations, and the use of CPRs. Overall, 86% of patients had signs and/or symptoms of a PE within a week of examination, and 6% of the population had signs of deep vein thrombosis. More than half of the population had no risk factors, while the most prevalent risk factors were a recent history of immobilization/trauma and/or having surgery that required general anesthesia in the last 4 weeks. The most common co-morbidity was chronic lung disease (11%). For the pre-test diagnostic workup, the ECG was the most ordered investigation. The Wells’ score was used at 10%, while most patients did not have any CPRs applied. The prevalence of PEs discovered on CTPAs was 9%. CPRs were under-utilized in this Australian regional hospital. The D-dimers for ruling out subjects with low PTP derived from CPRs were also underused. This led to the inappropriate overordering of CTPAs, resulting in negative implications for patients and unnecessary costs to the health system. Full article

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16 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subjective Health Status, Health-Related Behavior, and Health Literacy of Health Professional Students: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study

by Ivonne-Nadine Jürgensen, Peter Koch, Ramona Otto, Annike Morgane Nock and Corinna Petersen-Ewert

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020277 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1574

Abstract

The importance of health promotion for health professional students is increasingly crucial, as the rising requirements for those students can have a negative impact on their health. Despite this awareness, there is still limited knowledge in Germany about the specific health needs of [...] Read more.

The importance of health promotion for health professional students is increasingly crucial, as the rising requirements for those students can have a negative impact on their health. Despite this awareness, there is still limited knowledge in Germany about the specific health needs of this group of students. This study’s aim was, therefore, to assess the subjective health of first-year students and to identify health needs. Thus, this study is based on an online survey using standardized measurement instruments. First-year students from three degree programs were included. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of n = 98 (72.6%) participated in the survey. The results showed that a major proportion of participants (80.3%) rated their health positively, but a significant proportion reported weight disorders (24%) and pre-existing health conditions (62.1%) at baseline. Interestingly, a high proportion (59%) reported a high level of mental well-being at the time of the survey. However, worrying findings regarding lifestyle behaviors, including physical inactivity (40.6%), smoking (20%), risky alcohol use (24%), and unhealthy eating habits (37%) were determined. In terms of health literacy, around 45% of students rated their health competencies as problematic. Furthermore, it was found that students with low health literacy had a significantly higher prevalence of low mental well-being (53.3% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.036) and unhealthy eating habits (48.8% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.027) compared to students with sufficient health literacy. Health professional students should be considered a relevant target group for health and health competence promotion from the beginning of their studies. The identified fields of action should be addressed in the context of health promotion. This is of particular importance as they are not only aimed at improving the students’ well-being but also will later work directly with patients and, therefore, have a direct influence on the health of others. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Primary Health Care and Community Health)

12 pages, 213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Workforce Perspectives of Sustaining the Utilisation of a Harm Reduction Instrument in a Mental Health Residential Setting

by Simon Kroes, Hannah McKim and Melissa Petrakis

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020276 - 22 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1578

Abstract

Purpose: This exploratory study investigated worker experiences of utilising the Before During After (BDA) harm reduction instrument to engage well with service users in a residential mental health service setting. Stakeholder interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of two senior nurses and [...] Read more.

Purpose: This exploratory study investigated worker experiences of utilising the Before During After (BDA) harm reduction instrument to engage well with service users in a residential mental health service setting. Stakeholder interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of two senior nurses and one senior allied health staff at the study site to explore the impacts of BDA implementation on their work after 3 years of its use. A thematic analysis was conducted, including two-level coding. Five major themes were discussed. Of particular interest, and the focus of this paper, are the themes of effect on service users and effect on staff. The study found improved engagement between staff and service users, reduced stigma and more holistic care that was collaborative. In regard to staff, it was found that staff knowledge and confidence increased in addressing harm reduction issues with consumers and this was sustained over 3 years. Use of the BDA clinical instrument and package was reported to enhance worker engagement, knowledge and confidence in dual diagnosis work with service users. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Healthcare Strategy and Community Care)

26 pages, 303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences and Suggestions of Nurses Involved in Caring for Migrant Populations in Italy: A Qualitative Study

by Claudia Camedda and Maddalena Righi

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020275 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

The aim of this research is to explore nurses’ experiences in caring for migrants, regular and non-regular, within outpatient clinics in Italy. Materials and Methods: Thirteen nurses have been interviewed through online semi-structured interviews, conducted with the support of a questionnaire, made by [...] Read more.

The aim of this research is to explore nurses’ experiences in caring for migrants, regular and non-regular, within outpatient clinics in Italy. Materials and Methods: Thirteen nurses have been interviewed through online semi-structured interviews, conducted with the support of a questionnaire, made by researchers, consisting of open-ended questions on legislative issues, cultural issues, and regarding best practices. Purposive sampling has been used, along with phone and email recruitment. The audio recordings of the interviews were verbatim transcribed, then examined. This study is a qualitative descriptive fundamental research project. Results: Interviewees highlight migrants’ difficulties in accessing care, critical points of legislation, transcultural skills crucial to nurses, and good practices. A total of 105 labels were developed and grouped into 23 categories under 7 themes (Italian legislation and migrants; structural difficulties in assistance; the influence of politics; the work of NGOs and associations; nursing care; winning strategies; and the role of the Family and Community Nurse). Conclusion: The research highlights how access to care for migrants is hindered by legislative, structural, and cultural barriers, with consequences on the NHS (improper accesses to the emergency room, increased workload, and economic expenditure). For the full realization of the right to health, as enshrined by Art. 32 of the Constitution, changes are needed with respect to regulations and professionals’ training. Full article

16 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health Education Initiatives for People Who Have Experienced Prison: A Narrative Review

by Patrícia de Paula Queiroz Bonato, Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura, Réka Maulide Cane and Isabel Craveiro

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020274 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2639

Abstract

Due to the selectiveness of criminal systems and the context of social vulnerability, there is a high prevalence of health problems among individuals with a history of incarceration. When there is an insufficient level of health care, prior clinical conditions can worsen, and [...] Read more.

Due to the selectiveness of criminal systems and the context of social vulnerability, there is a high prevalence of health problems among individuals with a history of incarceration. When there is an insufficient level of health care, prior clinical conditions can worsen, and health education can be a response to this problem. Health education is a process of building health knowledge that is intended to facilitate thematic appropriation by the population that enables people to access, understand, and use health-related information for health improvement. In the context of criminal justice, health education can contribute to the successful transition of people who have experienced prison from their custody to the community setting. This study aimed to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate peer-reviewed evidence concerning health education initiatives developed during or after incarceration aimed at people released from prison. A narrative review methodology was used to analyze 19 studies about health education interventions for prisoners or people who were arrested. Initiatives were identified in five countries, which showed differences in approaches, with motivational interviewing and group sessions standing out in the studies. All of them were grouped into the following themes: HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, alcohol, opioids and other substances, tuberculosis, and women’s health. We have not performed a quality assessment of the studies included (using checklists such as PRISMA, AMSTAR, or SANRA) as this study is a narrative review and was not intended to be a systematic review or meta-analysis. This review has the potential impact of informing future health education initiatives and policies for individuals transitioning from prison. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Education and Promotion in the Community)

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12 pages, 1533 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Corynebacterium striatum Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection: An Uncommon Pathogen of Concern?

by Athanasios Galanis, Spyridon Karampitianis, John Vlamis, Panagiotis Karampinas, Michail Vavourakis, Christos Vlachos, Eftychios Papagrigorakis, Dimitrios Zachariou, Evangelos Sakellariou, Iordanis Varsamos, Christos Patilas, Sofia Tsiplakou, Vasiliki Papaioannou and Spyridon Kamariotis

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020273 - 21 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1593

Abstract

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is indubitably a dominant elective surgery in orthopaedics, contributing to prodigious improvement in the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis. One of the most potentially devastating complications of this operation is periprosthetic joint infection. Immunocompromised patients might be [...] Read more.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is indubitably a dominant elective surgery in orthopaedics, contributing to prodigious improvement in the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis. One of the most potentially devastating complications of this operation is periprosthetic joint infection. Immunocompromised patients might be afflicted by infrequent low-virulence organisms not typically detected with conventional procedures. Consequently, employing advanced identification methods, such as the circumstantial sonication of orthopaedic implants, could be crucial to managing such cases. Case Presentation: We present a peculiar case of a 72-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic periprosthetic hip infection due to Corynebacterium striatum. The pathogen was only identified after rigorous sonication of the extracted implants. The overall management of this case was immensely exacting, primarily because of the patient’s impaired immune system, and was finally treated with two-stage revision in our Institution. Literature Review: Although copious literature exists concerning managing periprosthetic hip infections, no concrete guidelines are available for such infections in multimorbid or immunocompromised patients with rare low-virulence microorganisms. Hence, a diagnostic work-up, antibiotic treatment and appropriate revision timeline must be determined. Sonication of extracted implants could be a powerful tool in the diagnostic arsenal, as it can aid in identifying rare microbes, such as Corynebacterium spp. Pertinent antibiotic treatment based on antibiogram analysis and apposite final revision-surgery timing are the pillars for effective therapy of such infections. Clinical Relevance: Corynebacterium striatum has been increasingly recognized as an emerging cause of periprosthetic hip infection in the last decade. A conspicuous rise in such reports has been observed in multimorbid or immunocompromised patients after the COVID-19 pandemic. This case is the first report of Corynebacterium striatum periprosthetic hip infection diagnosed solely after the sonication of extracted implants. This paper aims to increase awareness surrounding Corynebacterium spp. prosthetic joint infections, while highlighting the fields for further apposite research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections: Unlocking the Secrets of Prevention and Treatment)

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17 pages, 1742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sepsis in Latvia—Incidence, Outcomes, and Healthcare Utilization: A Retrospective, Observational Study

by Laura Puceta, Artis Luguzis, Uga Dumpis, Guna Dansone, Natalija Aleksandrova and Juris Barzdins

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020272 - 21 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1267

Abstract

This study explores the incidence, outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization concerning sepsis in Latvia’s adult population. Using a merged database from the National Health Service and the Latvian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, sepsis-related hospitalizations were analyzed from 2015–2020. Findings revealed a [...] Read more.

This study explores the incidence, outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization concerning sepsis in Latvia’s adult population. Using a merged database from the National Health Service and the Latvian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, sepsis-related hospitalizations were analyzed from 2015–2020. Findings revealed a 53.1% surge in sepsis cases from 2015–2018 with subsequent stabilization. This spike was more prominent among elderly patients. The age/sex adjusted case fatality rate rose from 34.7% in 2015 to 40.5% in 2020. Of the 7764 sepsis survivors, the one-year mortality rate was 12% compared to 2.2% in a reference group of 20,686 patients with infections but no further signs of sepsis. Sepsis survivors also incurred higher healthcare costs, driven by longer rehospitalizations and increased pharmaceutical needs, though they accessed outpatient services less frequently than the reference group. These findings underscore the growing detection of sepsis in Latvia, with survivors facing poorer outcomes and suggesting the need for enhanced post-sepsis outpatient care. Full article

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13 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detraining and Retraining Effects from a Multicomponent Training Program on the Functional Capacity and Health Profile of Physically Active Prehypertensive Older Women

by Luís Leitão, Yuri Campos, Hugo Louro, Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira, Teresa Figueiredo, Ana Pereira, Ana Conceição, Daniel A. Marinho and Henrique P. Neiva

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020271 - 21 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1213

Abstract

Background: Resuming a physical exercise program after a period of cessation is common in older women. Monitoring the responses during this detraining (DT) and retraining (RT) may allow us to analyze how the body reacts to an increase and a reduction in physical [...] Read more.

Background: Resuming a physical exercise program after a period of cessation is common in older women. Monitoring the responses during this detraining (DT) and retraining (RT) may allow us to analyze how the body reacts to an increase and a reduction in physical inactivity. Therefore, we conducted a follow-up training, DT, and RT in prehypertensive older women to analyze the response to these periods. Methods: Twenty-three prehypertensive older women (EG; 68.3 ± 2.8 years; 1.61 ± 0.44 m) performed 36 weeks of the multicomponent training program (MTP) followed by twelve weeks of DT plus eight weeks of RT. Fifteen prehypertensive older women (CG; 66.3 ± 3.2 years; 1.59 ± 0.37 m) maintained their normal routine. Functional capacity (FC), lipid, and hemodynamic profile were assessed before, during 24 and 36 weeks of the MTP, after 4 and 12 weeks of DT, and after 8 weeks of RT. Results: After 24 weeks of the MTP, only SBP did not improve. Four weeks of DT did not affect lower body strength (30-CS), TC, or GL. Eight weeks of RT improved BP (SBP: −2.52%; ES: 0.36; p < 0.00; DBP: −1.45%; ES: 0.44; p < 0.02), handgrip strength (3.77%; ES: 0.51; p < 0.00), and 30-CS (3.17%; ES: 0.38; p < 0.04) compared with 36 weeks of the MTP. Conclusions: Eight weeks of RT allowed patients to recover the benefits lost with detraining, which after only four weeks affected them negatively, and the systematic practice of exercise contributed to greater regulation of BP since 24 weeks of the MTP proved not to be enough to promote positive effects of SBP. Full article

12 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utilization of Primary Healthcare Services in Patients with Multimorbidity According to Their Risk Level by Adjusted Morbidity Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chamartín District (Madrid)

by Jaime Barrio-Cortes, Almudena Castaño-Reguillo, Beatriz Benito-Sánchez, María Teresa Beca-Martínez and Cayetana Ruiz-Zaldibar

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020270 - 20 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1235

Abstract

Patients with multimorbidity have increased and more complex healthcare needs, posing their management a challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed to describe their primary healthcare utilization and associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a Spanish basic healthcare area including [...] Read more.

Patients with multimorbidity have increased and more complex healthcare needs, posing their management a challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed to describe their primary healthcare utilization and associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a Spanish basic healthcare area including all patients with chronic conditions, differentiating between having multimorbidity or not. Sociodemographic, functional, clinical and service utilization variables were analyzed, stratifying the multimorbid population by the Adjusted Morbidity Groups (AMG) risk level, sex and age. A total of 6036 patients had multimorbidity, 64.2% being low risk, 28.5% medium risk and 7.3% high risk. Their mean age was 64.1 years and 63.5% were women, having on average 3.5 chronic diseases, and 25.3% were polymedicated. Their mean primary care contacts/year was 14.9 (7.8 with family doctors and 4.4 with nurses). Factors associated with primary care utilization were age (B-coefficient [BC] = 1.15;95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.30–2.01), female sex (BC = 1.04; CI = 0.30–1.78), having a caregiver (BC = 8.70; CI = 6.72–10.69), complexity (B-coefficient = 0.46; CI = 0.38–0.55), high-risk (B-coefficient = 2.29; CI = 1.26–3.32), numerous chronic diseases (B-coefficient = 1.20; CI = 0.37–2.04) and polypharmacy (B-coefficient = 5.05; CI = 4.00–6.10). This study provides valuable data on the application of AMG in multimorbid patients, revealing their healthcare utilization and the need for a patient-centered approach by primary care professionals. These results could guide in improving coordination among professionals, optimizing multimorbidity management and reducing costs derived from their extensive healthcare utilization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare Strategies for Patients with Chronic Diseases in an Ageing Society)

21 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of Life and Incidence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms among Caregivers of Persons with Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Vasiliki Oikonomou, Evgenia Gkintoni, Constantinos Halkiopoulos and Evangelos C. Karademas

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020269 - 20 Jan 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2532

Abstract

Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, [...] Read more.

Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, identifying which demographic factors influence their well-being. Method: A total of 157 caregivers were surveyed using the SF-12 Health Survey for quality-of-life assessment and the DASS-21 questionnaire for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. t-tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were applied to understand the associations between demographics, quality of life, and mental health outcomes. Results: The study found that caregivers, especially women and younger individuals, faced high levels of mental health challenges. Marital status, educational level, and employment status also significantly influenced caregivers’ well-being. Depression was the most significant factor negatively correlating with the mental component of quality of life. The magnitude of the burden experienced by caregivers highlighted the urgency for targeted social and financial support, as well as strategic treatment programs that consider caregiver well-being. Conclusions: Caregivers of individuals with mental disorders endure significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influencing their quality of life. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status have notable impacts. Findings emphasize the need for society-wide recognition of caregivers’ roles and the creation of comprehensive support and intervention programs to alleviate their burden, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations)

8 pages, 214 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Easy Anthropometric Measurements Are Representative of Baseline Values of Breast Q Values in Asymptomatic Women

by Giuseppe Catanuto, Nicola Rocco, Concetta G. Fichera, Ada Cinquerrui, Martina Rapisarda, Paolo Chiodini, Francesca Magnoni, Patrizia Dorangricchia, Valeria Sebri, Gabriella Pravettoni, Maurizio Bruno Nava and Francesco Caruso

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020268 - 20 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1420

Abstract

Background: Measurements of breast morphology are a determinant of the assessment of any surgical procedure, either reconstructive or cosmetic. This study aims to investigate the association between easy anthropometric measurements and values of quality of life assessed in a sample of asymptomatic women. [...] Read more.

Background: Measurements of breast morphology are a determinant of the assessment of any surgical procedure, either reconstructive or cosmetic. This study aims to investigate the association between easy anthropometric measurements and values of quality of life assessed in a sample of asymptomatic women. Methodology: Healthy asymptomatic women were admitted for this study. The following measurements were assessed: height, weight, nipple to sternal notch distance, areola to infra-mammary fold distance (right vs. left), right–left nipple distance. The Breast Q questionnaire (Italian translation V.1, pre-op breast conservation surgery) in the following domains: satisfaction with breasts; psycho-social satisfaction; physical satisfaction; sexual satisfaction, which was used to assess breast-related quality of life. Results: One hundred and forty-five women responded to the breast Q questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 44.3 years; the medium BMI was 24.1; Spearman correlation coefficients revealed that all the investigated values were negatively correlated to the “satisfaction with breasts” domain. Psychosexual satisfaction was associated with age; BMI; nipple to sternal notch distance. After normalization for age values, we observed that “satisfaction with breast” was, once again, highly correlated to BMI; nipple to sternal notch distance; areola to IMF distance. In all cases, the higher the values, the lower the scores. Conclusions: Distances between easy relevant anatomical landmarks are representative of patients’ breast-related quality of life in a population of asymptomatic women. These findings allow us to identify an ideal anthropometric framework that can be used as a validated surgical endpoint for cosmetic and oncological procedures. Full article

13 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Da-Som Lee, Hee-Eun Kim and Jun-Seon Choi

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020267 - 20 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1368

Abstract

Most previous studies addressing dysphagia examined individuals who already had diseases causing dysphagia and did not pay much attention to oral health conditions as a risk factor. This pilot study investigated 62 healthy adults aged 65 years or older who were living independently [...] Read more.

Most previous studies addressing dysphagia examined individuals who already had diseases causing dysphagia and did not pay much attention to oral health conditions as a risk factor. This pilot study investigated 62 healthy adults aged 65 years or older who were living independently in the community, performed basic activities of daily living independently, and had no history of a causative disease of dysphagia to identify the factors associated with dysphagia risk, especially oral health. The Dysphagia Risk Assessment Scale was used to screen the patients for dysphagia. Hyposalivation was diagnosed by evaluating the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and orofacial muscle strength (anterior tongue elevation, buccinator muscle, and lip strength) was quantitatively measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. To analyze the factors associated with dysphagia risk, the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the final regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, the oral health-related factors independently associated with dysphagia risk were buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort (p < 0.05). Therefore, our findings suggest that weak buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort are valuable indicators for the early detection of dysphagia in older, healthy, independent, community-dwelling adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Community Care)

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14 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Practice Site Heterogeneity within and between Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations

by Zachary Dyer, Matthew Alcusky, Jay Himmelstein, Arlene Ash and Michaela Kerrissey

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020266 - 20 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1060

Abstract

The existing literature has considered accountable care organizations (ACOs) as whole entities, neglecting potentially important variations in the characteristics and experiences of the individual practice sites that comprise them. In this observational cross-sectional study, our aim is to characterize the experience, capacity, and [...] Read more.

The existing literature has considered accountable care organizations (ACOs) as whole entities, neglecting potentially important variations in the characteristics and experiences of the individual practice sites that comprise them. In this observational cross-sectional study, our aim is to characterize the experience, capacity, and process heterogeneity at the practice site level within and between Medicaid ACOs, drawing on the Massachusetts Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (MassHealth), which launched an ACO reform effort in 2018. We used a 2019 survey of a representative sample of administrators from practice sites participating in Medicaid ACOs in Massachusetts (n = 225). We quantified the clustering of responses by practice site within all 17 Medicaid ACOs in Massachusetts for measures of process change, previous experience with alternative payment models, and changes in the practices’ ability to deliver high-quality care. Using multilevel logistic models, we calculated median odds ratios (MORs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify the variation within and between ACOs for each measure. We found greater heterogeneity within the ACOs than between them for all measures, regardless of practice site and ACO characteristics (all ICCs ≤ 0.26). Our research indicates diverse experience with, and capacity for, implementing ACO initiatives across practice sites in Medicaid ACOs. Future research and program design should account for characteristics of practice sites within ACOs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medicaid and Public Health: Second Edition)

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14 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Trajectories of Competitive Employment of Autistic Adults through Late Midlife

by Emily J. Hickey, Leann Smith DaWalt, Jinkuk Hong, Julie Lounds Taylor and Marsha R. Mailick

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020265 - 20 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1250

Abstract

Autistic adults experience challenges in maintaining employment; however, little is known about patterns of competitive employment through late midlife. This longitudinal study examined the change in hours of competitive employment for a cohort of autistic adults over a 22-year period. The study’s aims [...] Read more.

Autistic adults experience challenges in maintaining employment; however, little is known about patterns of competitive employment through late midlife. This longitudinal study examined the change in hours of competitive employment for a cohort of autistic adults over a 22-year period. The study’s aims were to provide a fine-grained analysis of competitive employment patterns, to determine whether there was age-related change, and to test whether trajectories differed between those with and without intellectual disability (ID). Using an accelerated longitudinal design, trajectories of hours of competitive employment were estimated from young adulthood through late midlife in a community-based cohort (n = 341; 1327 observations). Results indicated a significant curvilinear trajectory of age-related change in hours of competitive employment, with differences between those with and without ID. For those without ID, the number of competitive employment hours increased from young adulthood until early midlife, then leveled off and decreased into late midlife. For those with ID, engagement in competitive employment was low throughout. Although competitive employment is just one option for vocational engagement, it is a goal often articulated by autistic adults who seek entry into the general workforce. The present research reveals their degree of engagement in the competitive workforce across the decades of adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autism beyond School-Age: Characterization, Intervention, and Community Support)

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12 pages, 2157 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engaging Community–Academic Partnerships: A Case Study of the Influence of Social Drivers of Health on Equitable Transitions of Cancer Care in the United States

by Lailea Noel, Catherine Cubbin and Shetal Vohra-Gupta

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020264 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1243

Abstract

Enduring community–academic partnerships are essential for expediting the successful dissemination and implementation of promising interventions and programs, particularly for complex public health issues such as cancer prevention and control. The purpose of this case study was to understand the combined voices of a [...] Read more.

Enduring community–academic partnerships are essential for expediting the successful dissemination and implementation of promising interventions and programs, particularly for complex public health issues such as cancer prevention and control. The purpose of this case study was to understand the combined voices of a diverse group of stakeholders to outline the essential factors needed to translate research into sustainable cancer care within communities. System dynamics group model building was used to develop system maps of the factors impacting equitable access to cancer care services among three stakeholder groups (Group A: survivors and family members, n = 20; Group B: providers and administrators in community agencies/organizations, n = 40; Group C: administrators from a cancer institute, academic universities, foundations, and healthcare facilities that coordinate care, n = 25) in central Texas, USA. The lead researcher identified factors involved in transitions of care and their linkages with each other. The analysis of this work displays these connections visually. These models represent the ripple effect of factors influencing the transition of care for stakeholders who are invested in cancer care outcomes. All three groups identified medical mistrust, a culturally sensitive and diverse provider workforce, and care coordination as three essential factors (i.e., themes). Group A also identified caregiver navigation. The groups varied in their emphasis on upstream vs. downstream social drivers of health, with Group B emphasizing the former and Group C emphasizing the latter. To achieve cancer care equity, all stakeholder groups agreed on the importance of addressing the impact of social drivers as critical gaps. Eliminating or reducing these impacts allows each stakeholder group to work more efficiently and effectively to improve cancer care for patients. Full article

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13 pages, 11305 KiB

Open AccessReview

Four-Dimensional Flow Echocardiography: Blood Speckle Tracking in Congenital Heart Disease: How to Apply, How to Interpret, What Is Feasible, and What Is Missing Still

by Massimiliano Cantinotti, Pietro Marchese, Eliana Franchi, Giuseppe Santoro, Nadia Assanta and Raffaele Giordano

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020263 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1385

Abstract

Blood speckle tracking echocardiography (BSTE) is a new, promising 4D flow ultrafast non-focal plane imaging technique. The aim of the present investigation is to provide a review and update on potentialities and application of BSTE in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and [...] Read more.

Blood speckle tracking echocardiography (BSTE) is a new, promising 4D flow ultrafast non-focal plane imaging technique. The aim of the present investigation is to provide a review and update on potentialities and application of BSTE in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and acquired heart disease. A literature search was performed within the National Library of Medicine using the keywords “echocardiography”, “BST”, and “children”. The search was refined by adding the keywords “ultrafast imaging”, “CHD”, and “4D flow”. Fifteen studies were finally included. Our analysis outlined how BSTE is highly feasible, fast, and easy for visualization of normal/abnormal flow patterns in healthy children and in those with CHD. BSTE allows for visualization and basic 2D measures of normal/abnormal vortices forming the ventricles and in the main vessel. Left ventricular vortex characteristics and aortic flow patterns have been described both in healthy children and in those with CHD. Complex analysis (e.g., energy loss, vorticity, and vector complexity) are also highly feasible with BSTE, but software is currently available only for research. Furthermore, current technology allows for BSTE only in neonates and low-weight children (e.g., <40 kg). In summary, the feasibility and potentialities of BSTE as a complementary diagnostic tool in children have been proved; however, its systemic use is hampered by the lack of (i) accessible tools for complex quantification and for acquisition at all ages/weight, (ii) data on the diagnostic/prognostic significance of BSTE, and (iii) consensus/recommendation papers indicating when and how BSTE should be employed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Perioperative Care)

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16 pages, 1146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Primary Care Professionals’ Empathy and Its Relationship to Approaching Patients with Risky Alcohol Consumption

by Celia Pérula-Jiménez, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Jessica Fernández-Solana, José Ángel Fernández-García, Juan Manuel Parras-Rejano, Luis Ángel Pérula-de Torres, Ana González-de la Rubia, Josefa González-Santos and Collaborative Group ALCO-AP20 Study

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020262 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1775

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the level of empathy among primary care (PC) health professionals and its relationship with their approach to patients at risk due to alcohol consumption. This is an observational, descriptive, and multicenter study that included 80 [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to estimate the level of empathy among primary care (PC) health professionals and its relationship with their approach to patients at risk due to alcohol consumption. This is an observational, descriptive, and multicenter study that included 80 PHC professionals. The professionals completed a questionnaire comprising socio-occupational questions and inquiries regarding their actions when dealing with patients suspected of risky alcohol consumption. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy was used to measure their level of empathy and was completed by 80 professionals, of whom 57.5% were family physicians, 10% were nurses, and 32.5% were family- and community-medicine residents. The mean age was 39.5 ± 13.1 (SD) (range of 24–65 years) and 71.3% were females. The mean empathy level score was 112.9 ± 11.1 (95% CI: 110.4–115.4; range: 81–132 points). Actions that stood out for their frequency were providing health advice in the general population, offering advice to pregnant women, and recommending abstinence to users of hazardous machinery or motor vehicles. The level of empathy was associated with age (p = 0.029), the health center’s scope (p = 0.044), systematic alcohol exploration (p = 0.034), and follow-ups for patients diagnosed with risky consumption (p = 0.037). The mean score obtained indicated a high level of empathy among professionals. Professionals with greater empathy more frequently conducted systematic screening for risky alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Importance of Empathy in Healthcare)

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25 pages, 4761 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Management of Skin Lesions in Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa by Topical Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Manuel Pabón-Carrasco, Rocio Caceres-Matos, Marta Roche-Campos, Maria Antonia Hurtado-Guapo, Mercedes Ortiz-Romero, Luis M. Gordillo-Fernández, Daniel Pabón-Carrasco and Aurora Castro-Méndez

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020261 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2710

Abstract

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the overarching term for a set of rare inherited skin fragility disorders that result from mutations in at least 20 different genes. Currently, there is no cure for any of the EB subtypes associated with various mutations. Existing therapies [...] Read more.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the overarching term for a set of rare inherited skin fragility disorders that result from mutations in at least 20 different genes. Currently, there is no cure for any of the EB subtypes associated with various mutations. Existing therapies primarily focus on alleviating pain and promoting early wound healing to prevent potential complications. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of various topical treatments in patients with EB with the goal of achieving wound healing. A secondary objective was to analyse the efficacy of topical treatments for symptom reduction. A literature search was conducted using scientific databases, including The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Scopus. The protocol review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 418790), and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 23 articles. Enhanced healing times were observed compared with the control group. No conclusive data have been observed on pain management, infection, pruritus episodes, and cure rates over time. Additionally, evidence indicates significant progress in gene therapies (B-VEC), as well as cell and protein therapies. The dressing group, Oleogel S-10, allantoin and diacerein 1%, were the most represented, followed by fibroblast utilisation. In addition, emerging treatments that improve the patient’s innate immunity, such as calcipotriol, are gaining attention. However, more trials are needed to reduce the prevalence of blistering and improve the quality of life of individuals with epidermolysis bullosa. Full article

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17 pages, 2712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Its Potential Determinants in Obese Children and Adolescents under Specialist Outpatient Care—A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

by Anna Kawalec, Renata Mozrzymas, Agata Domżol, Agnieszka Zachurzok, Maria Szczepańska, Anna Noczyńska and Danuta Zwolińska

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020260 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1543

Abstract

(1) Background: this study aimed to assess the physical activity of obese pediatric patients under specialized outpatient care and its potential determinants. (2) Methods: A total of 83 subjects aged 7–18 years with simple obesity and their parents were enrolled. Data were collected [...] Read more.

(1) Background: this study aimed to assess the physical activity of obese pediatric patients under specialized outpatient care and its potential determinants. (2) Methods: A total of 83 subjects aged 7–18 years with simple obesity and their parents were enrolled. Data were collected with the use of physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) for children and adolescents and additional questions concerning selected socio-demographic characteristics. (3) Results: The mean final PAQ score was 2.09 ± 0.69. The most frequently chosen types of physical activity included walking, gymnastics, and jogging or running. We found a weak correlation inversely proportional between the child’s age and mean final PAQ score (r = −0.25; p = 0.02). Younger children were more active during lunchtime at school and after school compared to adolescents (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). The final PAQ score differed according to the place of residence; the lowest score was obtained by subjects living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (p = 0.025). We found a positive correlation between PAQ-Ch score and the father’s physical activity, and between PAQ-A score and the mother’s education. (4) Conclusions: The physical activity of obese pediatric patients is low, particularly in adolescents. It seems that age and place of residence have an impact on the physical activity of obese children and adolescents. The PAQs used in this study are useful in physical activity assessment and identification of time segments during the day in which activity might be improved. However, this requires confirmation in a larger group of pediatric patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Excess Weight, Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

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25 pages, 3432 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aligning Cancer Research Priorities in Europe with Recommendations for Conquering Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis

by Denis Horgan, Marc Van den Bulcke, Umberto Malapelle, Nicola Normanno, Ettore D. Capoluongo, Arsela Prelaj, Carmelo Rizzari, Aliki Stathopoulou, Jaya Singh, Marta Kozaric, France Dube, Manuel Ottaviano, Stefania Boccia, Gabriella Pravettoni, Ivana Cattaneo, Núria Malats, Reinhard Buettner, Karim Lekadir, Francesco de Lorenzo, Patricia Blanc, Catherine Alix-Panabieres, Sara Badreh, Paul Hofman, Eric Solary and Ruggero De Maria Show full author list Hide full author list

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020259 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2175

Abstract

Improvements in cancer care require a new degree of collaboration beyond the purely medical sphere, extending deeply into the world of other stakeholders—preeminently patients but also the other stakeholders in the hardware and software of care. Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating [...] Read more.

Improvements in cancer care require a new degree of collaboration beyond the purely medical sphere, extending deeply into the world of other stakeholders—preeminently patients but also the other stakeholders in the hardware and software of care. Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating collaborative efforts to understand, prevent, and treat this complex disease. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, aligning the prioritization of cancer research measures in 13 European countries with 13 key recommendations for conquering cancer in the region. The study utilized a survey involving both patients and citizens, alongside data from IQVIA, a global healthcare data provider, to assess the availability and access to single-biomarker tests in multiple European countries. The results revealed a focused approach toward understanding, preventing, and treating cancer, with each country emphasizing specific research measures tailored to its strengths and healthcare objectives. This analysis highlights the intricate relationship between research priorities, access to biomarker tests, and financial support. Timely access to tests and increased availability positively influence research areas such as cancer prevention, early detection, ageing, and data utilization. The alignment of these country-specific measures with 13 recommendations for conquering cancer in Europe underscores the importance of tailored strategies for understanding, preventing, and treating cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Policy)

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12 pages, 804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dermatology Self-Medication in Nursing Students and Professionals: A Multicentre Study

by Ana Batalla, Alba-Elena Martínez-Santos, Sara Braña Balige, Sara Varela Fontán, Lucía Vilanova-Trillo, Paz Diéguez and Ángeles Flórez

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020258 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1435

Abstract

Current evidence shows that the prevalence of self-medication in healthcare professionals and their students is troublingly high despite them knowing the risks involved. There is limited research on self-medication in dermatology, and there are even fewer studies on this practice among nurses and [...] Read more.

Current evidence shows that the prevalence of self-medication in healthcare professionals and their students is troublingly high despite them knowing the risks involved. There is limited research on self-medication in dermatology, and there are even fewer studies on this practice among nurses and nursing students, despite the potential mucocutaneous health problems that may affect them. The aims of our study were to examine the prevalence of self-medication mainly in the field of dermatology among nurses and nursing students as well as to explore if age or years of professional/academic practice influenced such behaviour. This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. In total, 120 nurses from the University Hospital of Pontevedra and 303 nursing students from the Universities of Vigo and Santiago de Compostela (N-W Spain) participated in this study (n = 423). An ad hoc questionnaire was used to evaluate self-medication decision-making. Self-medication for dermatological diseases was reported by 58.39% (n = 247) of participants. Among our respondents, 44.44% of nurses and 42.68% of students would recommend treatment for skin diseases to a third party. We found a higher prevalence of medication without prescription in nurses than in students (p < 0.001). More experience (p = 0.01) and older age (p < 0.001) were associated with more self-medication in the case of nurses and students, respectively. The prevalence of self-medication and treatment recommendation to a third party are cause for concern. Identifying these situations and associated factors may help to implement evidence-based strategies and education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Current Nursing Practice and Education)

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18 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Psychopathology, Uncertainty and Alexithymia: A Clinical and Differential Exploratory Study

by Emanuele Maria Merlo, Rita Tutino, Liam Alexander MacKenzie Myles, Angela Alibrandi, Maria Carmela Lia and Domenico Minasi

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020257 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1623

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex pathology affecting a large number of people. Research suggests that psychological factors influence coping with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the presence and role of psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people affected by T1DM. [...] Read more.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex pathology affecting a large number of people. Research suggests that psychological factors influence coping with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the presence and role of psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people affected by T1DM. The sample consisted of 137 patients (88 females, 49 males) affected by T1DM aged from 11 to 19 years old (Mean: 13.87; SD: 2.40). The diagnostic protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, Self-administration Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12). Descriptive, differential, correlational and regression analyses were performed in order to examine the relationships between these variables. The results suggested the sample had high levels of psychopathological indexes, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. Also, there were significant differences between TAS-20 and IUS-12 distributions with respect to psychopathology. Correlations and multivariate linear regressions indicated age, gender and education significantly predicted alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. This data suggest the presence of elevated psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people with diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Psychology: The State of the Art)

15 pages, 2596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Korean Medicine Treatment on Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Chart Review

by Hyoseung Jeon, Suji Lee, Sung-A Kim, Unhyung Lee and Seunghoon Lee

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020256 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1380

Abstract

Evidence regarding Korean medicine treatment (KMT) for neuropathic pain is lacking. We aimed to identify the effects of integrative KMT in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of patients with PHN who received KMT at Kyung Hee [...] Read more.

Evidence regarding Korean medicine treatment (KMT) for neuropathic pain is lacking. We aimed to identify the effects of integrative KMT in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of patients with PHN who received KMT at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital between August 2021 and July 2022. We evaluated the effects of KMT—comprising acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, and moxibustion—on pain intensity using the numerical rating scale (NRS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety (HADS-A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression (HADS-D), Daily Sleep Interference Scale (DSIS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and EuroQol-5D. Among 53 patients with PHN, 13 were included. The NRS score for worst pain over 1 week decreased from 6.54 ± 0.64 at baseline to 3.85 ± 0.63 at 8 weeks (41% reduction, p < 0.01), while that for average pain over 1 week decreased from 4.93 ± 0.67 at baseline to 3.08 ± 0.46 at 8 weeks (37% reduction, p < 0.01). From baseline to 8 weeks, there were significant reductions in the SF-MPQ, HADS-A, FSS, and EuroQol-5D scores. No adverse events were reported after KMT. Therefore, KMT may be an effective treatment option for patients with PHN. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pain Management)

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11 pages, 239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resilience, Satisfaction with Life and Anxiety in the Israeli Population after Mass Vaccination for COVID-19

by Miriam Sarid, Rony Tutian, Maya Kalman-Halevi, Sharon Gilat-Yihyie and Adi Sarid

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020255 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1084

Abstract

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the relationships between resilience and personal characteristics such as socio-economic status, employment, satisfaction with life, and anxiety, during the period of returning to routine life after mass vaccination for COVID-19. Method: 993 Israeli participants, 52% female [...] Read more.

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the relationships between resilience and personal characteristics such as socio-economic status, employment, satisfaction with life, and anxiety, during the period of returning to routine life after mass vaccination for COVID-19. Method: 993 Israeli participants, 52% female and 48% male, with a mean age of 40 years (18 to 89 years old) responded to an online questionnaire during March 2021. We hypothesized that (1) unemployed individuals and those with a low SES would have lower resilience, lower satisfaction with life and higher anxiety, (2) individuals who were ill with COVID-19 would have lower resilience and satisfaction with life and a higher level of anxiety, and (3) a higher resilience would be related to a lower level of anxiety. Results: The findings showed that unemployed individuals had lower levels of resilience and satisfaction with life and higher levels of anxiety than employed individuals. Specifically, those who experience a large gap between their socio-economic and employment statuses are at a greater risk than others. In addition, differences were found between people who had experienced COVID-19 illness and those who had not, but only with their satisfaction with life. People who had been ill were more satisfied than those who had not been ill. Eventually, as expected, a higher resilience was related to a lower level of anxiety, specifically at the lower levels of resilience. Conclusions: The findings of this study can provide additional perspectives on the day after a crisis (COVID-19) and the need for the development of intervention programs to strengthen the resilience of individuals who experience a gap between their SES and employment statuses when returning to their routine life after a crisis. The study also shed light on the unique correlation between anxiety and resilience, implying that following a crisis, high-resilience individuals face their anxiety better than low-resilience individuals. Full article

12 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Study on the Quality of Life of Survivors of Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction

by Eva Lourenço, Mário Rui dos Mártires Sampaio, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos and Emília Isabel Martins Teixeira da Costa

Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020254 - 19 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1438

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction and strokes, lead to significant fatalities. Survivors often experience profound impacts on various aspects of their lives, making the assessment of their Quality of Life crucial for understanding their condition and adaptation to the illness. [...] Read more.

Background: Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction and strokes, lead to significant fatalities. Survivors often experience profound impacts on various aspects of their lives, making the assessment of their Quality of Life crucial for understanding their condition and adaptation to the illness. Methods: A community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to compare how survivors of stroke and acute myocardial infarction perceive their Quality of Life. The Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of life instrument was administered to 204 acute myocardial infarction and stroke survivors. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were also compared. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted in overall, physical, and psychological aspects of Quality of Life between the two groups, with stroke survivors consistently showing lower values in these dimensions. Conclusions: The Quality-of-Life perception of stroke and acute myocardial infarction survivors may be affected by several sociodemographic and clinical factors, and the results support the idea that the vascular event conditions the person’s Quality of Life, particularly in variables related to the person’s physical condition, functionality, and autonomy. Full article

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Healthcare, Volume 12, Issue 2 (January-2 2024) – 161 articles

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