A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Potential Functions as Functional Food in Dietetics and the Food Industry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Characteristics of LAB
1.2. Source of LAB in Dairy Products
LAB Source | Family | Genus | Gram | Shape | Acid- Resistant | Respiration | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy Product | Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus | + | Rod shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [26] |
Pediococcus | + | Spherical shaped | High acid resistant | Facultative anaerobic | [27] | ||
Steptococcaceae | Streptococcus | + | Coccoid shaped | Low acid resistant | Facultative anaerobic | [28] | |
Lactococcus | + | Coccoid | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [29] | ||
Leuconostocaecae | Leuconostoc | + | Spherical, oval shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [30] | |
Bifidobacteriaceae | Bifidobacterium | + | Rod-branch-shaped | High acid resistant | Anaerobic | [31] | |
Enterococcaceae | Enterococcus | + | Coccoid shape | Moderate acid resistant | Facultative anaerobic | [31] | |
Propionibacteriaceae | Propionibacterium | + | Rod shaped | Low acid resistant | Anaerobic | [30] | |
Non-diary | Aerococcaceae | Aerococcus | + | Coccoid shaped | Low acid resistant | Facultative anaerobic | [32] |
Carbobacteriaceae | Carnobacterium | + | Rod shaped | Not available | Facultative anaerobic | [33] | |
Leuconostocaecae | Oenococcus | + | Spherical shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [34] | |
Weissella | + | Coccoid or rod shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [35] | ||
Fructobacillus | + | Elongated and slightly cylindrical shaped | Not available | Facultative anaerobic | [36] | ||
Enterococcaceae | Tetragenococcus | + | Coccoid shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [37] | |
Vagococcus | + | Coccoid shaped | Changeable | Facultative anaerobic | [38] |
1.3. Source of LAB in Fermented Food
Fermented Food
1.4. Metabolism Characteristics of LAB
1.5. Product Synthesized by LAB
1.5.1. Organic Acids
1.5.2. Bacteriocins
1.5.3. Vitamins
1.5.4. Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
1.5.5. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
1.5.6. Flavor Substances
1.6. Application of LAB in Clinical Nutrition
1.6.1. LAB in the Management of Lactose Intolerance
1.6.2. LAB in the Treatment of Diarrhea
1.6.3. Immunomodulatory Effects of LAB
1.6.4. LAB and Hepatoprotective Effects
1.6.5. LAB for Prevention and as a Potential Natural Anti-tumour Drug
1.6.6. LAB in the Management of Glycemic Control
1.7. Challenge of Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Food Nutrient
2. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Therapeutic Effects | Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Strain | Remarks | References |
---|---|---|---|
Lactose intolerance | Lactobacillus acidophilus, | Method: Supplementation L. acidophilus Results: Abdominal symptom (LAB < control) | [96] |
B. animalis, Lactobacillus plantarum | Methods: Supplementation of B. animalis Results: Abdominal symptoms (no significant difference) | [84] | |
Lactobacillus plantarum, P. acidilactici | Method: Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum and P. acidilactici among lactose intolerance patients Results: Total symptom score of lactose intolerance (LAB < control) | [93] | |
Gastrointestinal problem: diarrhea | Baccilus cereus | Method: Supplementation of 20 mL/day Baccilus cereus or soluble fiber (control) among patients with diarrhea on enteral feeding Results: Ceasing the diarrhea incident (no significant difference), duration to stop diarrhea (B. Cerius group < control) | [105] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum | Method: Synbiotics supplementation among diarrhea-dominant IBS for 8 weeks Results: After intervention, feeling of incomplete bowel movements, flatulence, pain, stool pressure, and diarrheal stools (synbiotics group < control) | [104] | |
Immunomodulatory effect | Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei | Method: 3 g supplementation of synbiotics (Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus casei) within 3 days after admission Results: Enteritis and penumonia incidence lowered in synbiotics group compared to control | [118] |
Lactobacillus and Streptococcus lactis | Method: Lactic acid bacteria capsule among depression and diabetes patient Result: Reduction of self-rating anxiety scale, IL-2 and TNF-α, fasting plasma (LAB > control), and increment of CD+4 (LAB > control) Adverse effect LAB < control) | [108] | |
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophiles | Methods: Supplementation of 1 capsule/12 h among VAP multi-trauma patients Results: VAP (intervention group < control) | [130] | |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Method: Supplementation of 2 × 109 Colony Forming Units (CFU) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on a twice daily basis among ventilated medical ICU patients Results: VAP (no significant difference between LAB and the control) | [131] | |
L rhamnosus GG | Method: Enteral L rhamnosus GG twice daily among patients on ventilation Results: VAP incidence (no significant difference between both the intervention group and the control) | [132] | |
Hepatoprotective effect | Bifidobacterium animalis | Method: Supplementation of 300 g synbiotics yogurt (B. animalis and inulin) or conventional (control) among NAFLD patients Results: Grades of NAFLD (synbiotics group < control), reduction in serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase (synbiotics group > control) | [121] |
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | Methods: Supplementation of probiotics sachet or placebo for 6 months among NAFLD patients Results: No significant difference in LiverFAST analysis (steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation scores), alanine aminotransferase | [122] | |
Treatment of cancer | Bifidobacterium, lactobacillus | Method: Gastric cancer patient receiving fiber-free nutrition formula (FF group), fiber-enriched nutrition formula (FE group), and fiber- and probiotic-enriched nutrition formula (FEp group) Results: The FEP group had the lowest number of diarrhea and intestinal disorders. No significant difference in the lymphocyte count, albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin levels | [125] |
Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus | Method: Supplementation of probiotics + glucose solution or glucose solution (control) among colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection Results: Increase in intestinal micro-ecological environment and strengthening of the intestinal mucosal barrier function (glucose solution + probiotic group > glucose group), duration of early recovery of inflammatory response (glucose solution + probiotic group > glucose group) | [120] | |
Glycemic control | Lactobacillus casei | Method: 108 CFU of L. casei supplementation for 8 weeks among type 2 diabetes mellitus Result: Serum fetuin-A level, fasting blood sugar, insulin concentration, and insulin resistance significantly decrease among L. casei supplementation compared to the control | [128] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis | Methods: 200 g/d yogurt containing probiotic 4.65 × 106 CFU/g or placebo group received 200 g/d conventional yogurt Results: No significant different in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | [129] |
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Abdul Hakim, B.N.; Xuan, N.J.; Oslan, S.N.H. A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Potential Functions as Functional Food in Dietetics and the Food Industry. Foods 2023, 12, 2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152850
Abdul Hakim BN, Xuan NJ, Oslan SNH. A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Potential Functions as Functional Food in Dietetics and the Food Industry. Foods. 2023; 12(15):2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152850
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Hakim, Bibi Nabihah, Ng Jia Xuan, and Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan. 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Potential Functions as Functional Food in Dietetics and the Food Industry" Foods 12, no. 15: 2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152850
APA StyleAbdul Hakim, B. N., Xuan, N. J., & Oslan, S. N. H. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Potential Functions as Functional Food in Dietetics and the Food Industry. Foods, 12(15), 2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152850