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Bioengineering
Volume 12
Issue 2
10.3390/bioengineering12020124
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Using a Neural Network Architecture for the Prediction of Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Using Hospital Level Variables and Novel Physiologic Markers

by
Martha Razo
1,†,
Pavitra Kotini
2,†,
Jing Li
2,
Shaveta Khosla
2,
Irina A. Buhimschi
3,
Terry Vanden Hoek
2,
Marina Del Rios
4 and
Houshang Darabi
1,*
1
Departmentof Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 942 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
4
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020124
Submission received: 21 November 2024 / Revised: 8 January 2025 / Accepted: 22 January 2025 / Published: 29 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Deep Learning in Medical Diagnosis)
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Abstract

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health burden due to its high mortality rate, sudden nature, and long-term impact on survivors. Consequently, there is a crucial need to create prediction models to better understand patient trajectories and assist clinicians and families in making informed decisions. We studied 107 adult OHCA patients admitted at an academic Emergency Department (ED) from 2018–2023. Blood samples and ocular ultrasounds were acquired at 1, 6, and 24 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Six classes of clinical and novel variables were used: (1) Vital signs after ROSC, (2) pre-hospital and ED data, (3) hospital admission data, (4) ocular ultrasound parameters, (5) plasma protein biomarkers and (6) sex steroid hormones. A base model was built using 1 h variables in classes 1–3, reasoning these are available in most EDs. Extending from the base model, we evaluated 26 distinct neural network models for prediction of neurological outcome by the cerebral performance category (CPC) score. The top-performing model consisted of all variables at 1 h resulting in an AUROC score of 0.946. We determined a parsimonious set of variables that optimally predicts CPC score. Our research emphasizes the added value of incorporating ocular ultrasound, plasma biomarkers, sex hormones in the development of more robust predictive models for neurological outcome after OHCA.
Keywords: neural network; prediction model; SHAP analysis; cardiac arrest neural network; prediction model; SHAP analysis; cardiac arrest
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MDPI and ACS Style

Razo, M.; Kotini, P.; Li, J.; Khosla, S.; Buhimschi, I.A.; Hoek, T.V.; Rios, M.D.; Darabi, H. Using a Neural Network Architecture for the Prediction of Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Using Hospital Level Variables and Novel Physiologic Markers. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020124

AMA Style

Razo M, Kotini P, Li J, Khosla S, Buhimschi IA, Hoek TV, Rios MD, Darabi H. Using a Neural Network Architecture for the Prediction of Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Using Hospital Level Variables and Novel Physiologic Markers. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(2):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020124

Chicago/Turabian Style

Razo, Martha, Pavitra Kotini, Jing Li, Shaveta Khosla, Irina A. Buhimschi, Terry Vanden Hoek, Marina Del Rios, and Houshang Darabi. 2025. "Using a Neural Network Architecture for the Prediction of Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Using Hospital Level Variables and Novel Physiologic Markers" Bioengineering 12, no. 2: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020124

APA Style

Razo, M., Kotini, P., Li, J., Khosla, S., Buhimschi, I. A., Hoek, T. V., Rios, M. D., & Darabi, H. (2025). Using a Neural Network Architecture for the Prediction of Neurologic Outcome for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Using Hospital Level Variables and Novel Physiologic Markers. Bioengineering, 12(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020124

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