Serving Sizes and Energy Content of Grab-and-Go Sweetened Beverages in Australian Convenience Stores, Supermarkets, and Fast-Food Outlets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Part One: Background Literature Review on Purchasing Behaviours of Sweetened Beverages
2.1. Purchase Location
2.2. Price
2.3. Marketing
2.4. Serving Sizes
2.5. Future Direction
3. Part Two: Cross-Sectional Audit Study
3.1. Methodology
3.1.1. Inclusion Criteria
3.1.2. GNG Settings
3.1.3. Data Collection
3.1.4. Data Charting, Cleaning and Categorisation
3.1.5. Data Analysis
3.2. Results
3.2.1. Differences by Retail Settings
3.2.2. Differences between Socioeconomic Localities
3.3. Discussion
Strengths and Limitation
4. Conclusions and Implication
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Individual factors | Taste preferences Sociodemographic variables (for example, education, employment, income) Individual characteristics (for example, age, sex) |
Contextual factors | Purchase location Price Marketing (for example, brand reputation) Serving sizes |
n (%) | Serving Size, Median (Range), mL | Energy Per Serving, Median (Range), kJ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Sugar-sweetened | 812 (67.4) | 473 | 709 |
(100–1150) | (168–1505) | |||
Diet a | 392 (32.6) | 473 | 27 | |
(237–1150) | (3–177) | |||
Soft drinks | Sugar-sweetened | 336 (63.0) | 375 b | 694 |
(100–669) | (168–1352) | |||
Diet | 197 (37.0) | 500 | 10 | |
(237–900) | (3–128) | |||
Energy drinks | Sugar-sweetened | 339 (66.0) | 440 | 854 |
(250–600) | (195–1470) | |||
Diet | 175 (34.0) | 473 | 43 | |
(250–600) | (6–95) | |||
Frozen drinks | Sugar-sweetened | 90 (82.6) | 650 | 780 |
(375–1150) | (251–1505) | |||
Diet | 19 (17.4) | 591 | 77 | |
(340–1150) | (30–177) | |||
Iced tea | Sugar-sweetened | 41 (97.6) | 500 | 410 |
(250–500) | (287–465) | |||
Diet | 1 (2.1) | 450 | 27 | |
Specialty drinks | Sugar-sweetened | 6 (100) | 300 | 607 |
(300–320) | (423–815) |
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages | Diet Beverages | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retail Settings | % (n) | Serving Sizes a, mL | % (n) | Serving Sizes b, mL | ||
Median | Range | Median | Range | |||
Convenience stores | 67.3 (592) | 380 | 100–1150 | 32.7 (287) | 473 | 250–1150 |
Supermarkets | 60.6 (123) | 500 | 250–600 | 39.4 (80) | 600 | 250–600 |
Fast-food outlets | 79.5 (97) | 473 | 229–669 | 20.5 (25) | 473 | 237–900 |
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages | Diet Beverages | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Localities | % (n) | Serving Size, mL | % (n) | Serving Size, mL | ||
Median | Range | Median | Range | |||
Sydney CBD | 67.0 (309) a | 380 | 100–1150 | 33.0 (152) | 487 | 250–1150 |
Eastern Sydney | 61.8 (175) | 473 | 200–1150 | 38.2 (108) | 500 | 250–1150 |
Western Sydney | 68.3 (231) | 473 | 100–1150 | 31.7 (107) | 473 | 250–1150 |
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Liu, Q.; Lai, J.Y.; Nguyen, K.; Rangan, A. Serving Sizes and Energy Content of Grab-and-Go Sweetened Beverages in Australian Convenience Stores, Supermarkets, and Fast-Food Outlets. Beverages 2023, 9, 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030077
Liu Q, Lai JY, Nguyen K, Rangan A. Serving Sizes and Energy Content of Grab-and-Go Sweetened Beverages in Australian Convenience Stores, Supermarkets, and Fast-Food Outlets. Beverages. 2023; 9(3):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030077
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Qingzhou, Jing Ying Lai, Kylie Nguyen, and Anna Rangan. 2023. "Serving Sizes and Energy Content of Grab-and-Go Sweetened Beverages in Australian Convenience Stores, Supermarkets, and Fast-Food Outlets" Beverages 9, no. 3: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030077
APA StyleLiu, Q., Lai, J. Y., Nguyen, K., & Rangan, A. (2023). Serving Sizes and Energy Content of Grab-and-Go Sweetened Beverages in Australian Convenience Stores, Supermarkets, and Fast-Food Outlets. Beverages, 9(3), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9030077