Next Article in Journal
Neonicotinoids: Agrochemicals with Toxic Impact on Reproductive Functions in Males
Previous Article in Journal
Mitigation of Metal Oxide Nanotoxicity with Functional Fibrils
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Proceedings
Volume 92
Issue 1
10.3390/proceedings2023092021
proceedings-logo
Submit to this Journal
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Abstract

Extraction and Determination of Total Phenolic Contents, Flavonoid Contents, and Volatile Compounds in Epilobium angustifolium and Cannabis sativa Varieties †

by
Kristin Düüna
,
Piia Jõul
* and
Merike Vaher
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the International Conference EcoBalt 2023 “Chemicals & Environment”, Tallinn, Estonia, 9–11 October 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 92(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092021
Published: 21 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference EcoBalt 2023 "Chemicals & Environment")
Versions Notes

Plants are a natural source of phytochemicals, many of which have favorable bioactive properties for human health and are therefore used in ethnomedicine for preventing and treating a variety of diseases [1]. Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed) is a popular medical plant that is known and used worldwide. Due to its abundance of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and terpenes, fireweed has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties [2]. Cannabis sativa (industrial hemp) is mainly cultivated as a source of industrial fiber or seed oil. In addition to cannabinoids, the chemical composition of industrial hemp includes many other active compound groups, mostly tannins and polyphenols [3]. The biological activity of the herb is dependent on its geographical origin and the sample preparation procedure [4].
The aim of the present study was to quantitatively determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and characterize the volatile compositions of three different plants growing in Estonia: fireweed and the industrial hemp varieties Finola and Estica. The volatile compounds were extracted from dried samples using headspace SPME (solid-phase microextraction) and analyzed through use of GC-MS. Polyphenols and flavonoids were investigated in plant ethanol extracts through use of colorimetric tests. As a result of SPME-GC-MS, over 15 volatiles were quantified (≥1%) in each sample. The volatile compound compositions were similar in all of the samples, and the volatiles with the highest contents detected were β-caryophyllene and humulene. Colorimetric tests showed high concentrations of polyphenols (up to 157.6 ± 8.1 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (up to 11.7 ± 0.9 mg QE/g), whereas the fireweed extracts indicated higher levels. The obtained results show that the investigated plants, fireweed, Finola, and Estica, are valuable sources of phenolic and volatile phytochemicals.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, P.J. and M.V.; methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, and investigation, P.J. and K.D.; resources, M.V.; data curation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, and visualization, P.J. and K.D.; supervision, P.J.; project administration and funding acquisition, M.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by the Estonian Center of Analytical Chemistry (ECAC) funded by the Estonian Research Council (TT4) and the R&D project SS22004 “Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant extracts” funded by Tallinn University of Technology.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the still on-going research.

Acknowledgments

Tammejuure Organic Farm and Kanepi Municipality Government are acknowledged for kindly providing the samples.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

References

  1. Salmerón-Manzano, E.; Garrido-Cardenas, J.A.; Manzano-Agugliaro, F. Worldwide Research Trends on Medicinal Plants. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Nowak, A.; Zagórska-Dziok, M.; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, P.; Makuch, E.; Duchnik, W.; Kucharski, Ł.; Adamiak-Giera, U.; Prowans, P.; Czapla, N.; Bargiel, P.; et al. Epilobium angustifolium L. Extracts as Valuable Ingredients in Cosmetic and Dermatological Products. Molecules 2021, 26, 3456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.F.; Guerriero, G. Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. Front. Plant Sci. 2016, 7, 19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Kaškonienė, V.; Stankevičius, M.; Drevinskas, T.; Akuneca, I.; Kaškonas, P.; Bimbiraitė-Survilienė, K.; Maruška, A.; Ragažinskienė, O.; Kornyšova, O.; Briedis, V.; et al. Evaluation of phytochemical composition of fresh and dried raw material of introduced Chamerion angustifolium L. using chromatographic, spectrophotometric and chemometric techniques. Phytochemistry 2015, 115, 184–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Düüna, K.; Jõul, P.; Vaher, M. Extraction and Determination of Total Phenolic Contents, Flavonoid Contents, and Volatile Compounds in Epilobium angustifolium and Cannabis sativa Varieties. Proceedings 2023, 92, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092021

AMA Style

Düüna K, Jõul P, Vaher M. Extraction and Determination of Total Phenolic Contents, Flavonoid Contents, and Volatile Compounds in Epilobium angustifolium and Cannabis sativa Varieties. Proceedings. 2023; 92(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Düüna, Kristin, Piia Jõul, and Merike Vaher. 2023. "Extraction and Determination of Total Phenolic Contents, Flavonoid Contents, and Volatile Compounds in Epilobium angustifolium and Cannabis sativa Varieties" Proceedings 92, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092021

APA Style

Düüna, K., Jõul, P., & Vaher, M. (2023). Extraction and Determination of Total Phenolic Contents, Flavonoid Contents, and Volatile Compounds in Epilobium angustifolium and Cannabis sativa Varieties. Proceedings, 92(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092021

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop