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AgriEngineering
Volume 7
Issue 2
10.3390/agriengineering7020026
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Treatment of Ferruginous Water in the Performance of Drip Irrigation Systems

by
Elio de Almeida Cordeiro
1,
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani
2,
Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira
1,*,
José Geraldo Ferreira da Silva
3,
Ismail Ramalho Haddade
1 and
Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo Monaco
1
1
Department of Agronomy, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Rod. ES 080, km 93, Santa Teresa 29650-000, ES, Brazil
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, SN, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
3
INCAPER, BR 101N, km 151–Linhares, P.O. Box 62, Linhares 29915-140, ES, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
AgriEngineering 2025, 7(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7020026
Submission received: 3 December 2024 / Revised: 20 January 2025 / Accepted: 21 January 2025 / Published: 24 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Irrigation Systems)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

One of the most important advantages of drip irrigation is the possibility of achieving a high uniformity of water distribution. However, this uniformity can be reduced when using water with high iron content, which can cause drippers to clog. This study aimed to verify the efficiency of the chlorination, aeration, decantation and filtration processes carried out to remove the iron from irrigation water and to investigate the effect of iron on water distribution uniformity. Four similar irrigation systems with five models of drippers were installed. The results showed that (i) there was a significant difference in the drippers’ behavior in relation to susceptibility to clogging when using water with a high iron content; (ii) the use of disk filters alone was not able to promote significant reductions in the iron quantity as a way to prevent the clogging of drippers; and (iii) the use of aerators followed by sedimentation tanks made it possible to achieve a considerable improvement in the water application uniformity for drippers that were more sensitive to clogging caused by the use of water with high iron content.
Keywords: clogging; iron; uniformity; chlorination clogging; iron; uniformity; chlorination

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cordeiro, E.d.A.; Mantovani, E.C.; Vieira, G.H.S.; Silva, J.G.F.d.; Haddade, I.R.; Lo Monaco, P.A.V. Treatment of Ferruginous Water in the Performance of Drip Irrigation Systems. AgriEngineering 2025, 7, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7020026

AMA Style

Cordeiro EdA, Mantovani EC, Vieira GHS, Silva JGFd, Haddade IR, Lo Monaco PAV. Treatment of Ferruginous Water in the Performance of Drip Irrigation Systems. AgriEngineering. 2025; 7(2):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7020026

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cordeiro, Elio de Almeida, Everardo Chartuni Mantovani, Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira, José Geraldo Ferreira da Silva, Ismail Ramalho Haddade, and Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo Monaco. 2025. "Treatment of Ferruginous Water in the Performance of Drip Irrigation Systems" AgriEngineering 7, no. 2: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7020026

APA Style

Cordeiro, E. d. A., Mantovani, E. C., Vieira, G. H. S., Silva, J. G. F. d., Haddade, I. R., & Lo Monaco, P. A. V. (2025). Treatment of Ferruginous Water in the Performance of Drip Irrigation Systems. AgriEngineering, 7(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7020026

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