Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.5
3.9
Journals
Toxins
Sections
Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Fungal Metabolites: From Toxins to...
share announcement

Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Fungal Metabolites: From Toxins to Therapeutics

A topical collection in Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This collection belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Viewed by 12047

Editors

Dr. Marc Maresca

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Collection Editor
CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
Interests: mycotoxins; fungal metabolites; antimicrobial; anticancer; antinflammatory; antioxidant
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Isabelle P. Oswald

grade E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France
Interests: mycotoxin; intestine; immune response; swine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fiona M Doohan

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 Belfield, Ireland
Interests: plant biotechnology; plant biology; mycotoxins; plant tissue culture; cereal; gene expression; wheat; fungi

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Collection titled “Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Fungal Metabolites: From Toxins to Therapeutics”, which will collect papers invited by the Editorial Board Members. The aim of this Collection is to provide a venue for toxic metabolites of fungi and therapeutics. All papers will be fully open access upon publication after peer review.

Dr. Marc Maresca
Dr. Isabelle P. Oswald
Dr. Fiona M Doohan
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • metabolites
  • toxic fungal molecules
  • therapeutic

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers

2024

Jump to: 2023

15 pages, 1341 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Incubation Time on the Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium spp. Responsible for Dry Rot in Potato Tubers
by Maria Gutiérrez-Pozo, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Sofia Kourmpetli, Leon A. Terry and Angel Medina
Toxins 2024, 16(10), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16100414 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 907
Abstract
Potato is the fourth most consumed crop in the world. More than half of the crop is stored for three to nine months at cold temperatures (3–10 °C) for the fresh and seed market. One of the main causes of fresh potato waste [...] Read more.
Potato is the fourth most consumed crop in the world. More than half of the crop is stored for three to nine months at cold temperatures (3–10 °C) for the fresh and seed market. One of the main causes of fresh potato waste in the retail supply chain is the processing of fungal and bacterial rots during storage. Dry rot is a fungal disease that mainly affects the potato crop during storage and is responsible for 1% of tuber losses in the UK. It is produced by Fusarium spp., such as Fusarium sambucinum and F. oxysporum, which can lead to the accumulation of mycotoxins in the potato tuber. Little is known about the impact of environmental factors on the accumulation of mycotoxins in potato tubers. Understanding the ecophysiology of these fungi is key to mitigating their occurrence under commercial storage conditions. Therefore, this work aimed to elucidate the effect of three different temperatures (5, 10, and 15 °C) and two different water activities (aw; 0.97, 0.99) on the ecophysiology and mycotoxin accumulation of F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum in a potato-based semi-synthetic medium. The mycotoxin accumulation was then studied in vivo, in potato tubers cultivated under organic farming conditions, stored for 40 days at 8.5 °C. Results showed that higher temperatures and aw enhanced fungal growth, lag time, and mycotoxin accumulation in vitro. Growth rate was 2 and 3.6 times higher when the temperature increased from 5 to 10 and 15 °C, respectively. Six different mycotoxins (T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, and beauvericin) were detected in vitro and in vivo. T-2 was the most abundant mycotoxin detected in vitro, observing 106 ng of T-2/g media after 21 days of incubation at 10 °C and 0.99 aw. Due to the long period of time that potato tubers spend in storage, the fluctuations of environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, could promote the development of fungal rot, as well as mycotoxin accumulation. This could result in important food and economic losses for the potato market and a threat to food safety. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1428 KiB  
Review
Trichothecenes and Fumonisins: Key Players in Fusarium–Cereal Ecosystem Interactions
by Alexandre Perochon and Fiona M. Doohan
Toxins 2024, 16(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020090 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
Fusarium fungi produce a diverse array of mycotoxic metabolites during the pathogenesis of cereals. Some, such as the trichothecenes and fumonisins, are phytotoxic, acting as non-proteinaceous effectors that facilitate disease development in cereals. Over the last few decades, we have gained some depth [...] Read more.
Fusarium fungi produce a diverse array of mycotoxic metabolites during the pathogenesis of cereals. Some, such as the trichothecenes and fumonisins, are phytotoxic, acting as non-proteinaceous effectors that facilitate disease development in cereals. Over the last few decades, we have gained some depth of understanding as to how trichothecenes and fumonisins interact with plant cells and how plants deploy mycotoxin detoxification and resistance strategies to defend themselves against the producer fungi. The cereal-mycotoxin interaction is part of a co-evolutionary dance between Fusarium and cereals, as evidenced by a trichothecene-responsive, taxonomically restricted, cereal gene competing with a fungal effector protein and enhancing tolerance to the trichothecene and resistance to DON-producing F. graminearum. But the binary fungal–plant interaction is part of a bigger ecosystem wherein other microbes and insects have been shown to interact with fungal mycotoxins, directly or indirectly through host plants. We are only beginning to unravel the extent to which trichothecenes, fumonisins and other mycotoxins play a role in fungal-ecosystem interactions. We now have tools to determine how, when and where mycotoxins impact and are impacted by the microbiome and microfauna. As more mycotoxins are described, research into their individual and synergistic toxicity and their interactions with the crop ecosystem will give insights into how we can holistically breed for and cultivate healthy crops. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2023

Jump to: 2024

13 pages, 1813 KiB  
Article
Optimised Fermentation Production of Radiolabelled Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus ochraceus with Maximum 14C in the Pentaketide Moiety for Exploring Its Rat Renal Toxicology
by Peter Mantle
Toxins 2024, 16(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16010008 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1572
Abstract
In the context of the mysterious Balkan endemic nephropathy of the 1900s, and the discovery in the 1960s of the potent mycotoxin ochratoxin A, experimental research projects sought to explore any inter-relationship. Experimental lifetime administration of the toxin to male rats had revealed [...] Read more.
In the context of the mysterious Balkan endemic nephropathy of the 1900s, and the discovery in the 1960s of the potent mycotoxin ochratoxin A, experimental research projects sought to explore any inter-relationship. Experimental lifetime administration of the toxin to male rats had revealed renal DNA adducts with the toxin, correlated with renal tumours, confirmation of which required molecular evidence. Consequently, production of 14C-ochratoxin A of a high specific radioactivity was required, practical biosynthetic detail of which had not previously been published. A fermentation study of Aspergillus ochraceous was carried out during 2002 for a European project, to select for the production of high-quality 14C-ochratoxin A, necessarily exploring for the maximum diversion of 14C-sodium acetate into the pentaketide portion of mycotoxin. Experimentation necessarily had to optimise the competitive context of fungal growth dynamics and addition of the biosynthetic precursor in the early days of shaken-flask fermentation before adding the radiolabelled precursor. From optimal fermentation, 50 mg of the 14C ochratoxin A was supplied within a European project for DNA adduct experimentation, but that proved negative as subsequently published. Experimental description of the radiolabelled ochratoxin A production was later made in a doctoral thesis, but is first publicised here. Further review of the literature reveals an explanation for the published failure to confirm rat DNA/ochratoxin A adduct formation, for which further experimentation is now recommended. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
Toxicokinetics of Deoxynivalenol in Dezhou Male Donkeys after Oral Administration
by Ruifen Kang, Honglei Qu, Yanxin Guo, Chuanliang Ji, Jie Cheng, Yantao Wang, Shimeng Huang, Lihong Zhao, Cheng Ji and Qiugang Ma
Toxins 2023, 15(7), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070426 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is detected in different types of foods and feeds, inducing toxicity in humans and animals. After entering the organism, DON first appears in the plasma; then, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed in various organs and tends to accumulate in the [...] Read more.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is detected in different types of foods and feeds, inducing toxicity in humans and animals. After entering the organism, DON first appears in the plasma; then, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed in various organs and tends to accumulate in the body to exert its toxic effects. This study was performed to investigate the toxicokinetics of DON on Dezhou male donkeys after a single oral dose of 500 μg/kg·BW (body weight). The plasma of donkeys was collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after administration, and the feces and urine were collected at 0 h and at 6 h intervals up to 24 h, followed by 4 h intervals up to 120 h. The concentrations of DON in plasma, urine and feces were determined by HPLC. The peak concentration of DON in plasma was 174.30 μg/L, which occurred at 1.07 h after oral gavage. The recovery of unchanged DON in urine and feces amounted to 19.98% and 6.74%, respectively. Overall, DON was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated in donkeys within 120 h following a single oral dose, which can lead to DON accumulation in the body if ingested for a long time. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1061 KiB  
Review
Enniatin B1: Emerging Mycotoxin and Emerging Issues
by Beatrice De Felice, Leon J. Spicer and Francesca Caloni
Toxins 2023, 15(6), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060383 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2733
Abstract
Although over the last 10 years several studies have focused on the emerging mycotoxins known as enniatins (ENNs), there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their toxicological effects and the development of a correct risk assessment. This is especially true for enniatin [...] Read more.
Although over the last 10 years several studies have focused on the emerging mycotoxins known as enniatins (ENNs), there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their toxicological effects and the development of a correct risk assessment. This is especially true for enniatin B1 (ENN B1), considered the younger sister of the widely studied enniatin B (ENN B). ENN B1 has been found in several food commodities and, as with other mycotoxins, presents antibacterial and antifungal properties. On the other hand, ENN B1 has shown cytotoxic activity, impairment of the cell cycle, the induction of oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, as well as negative genotoxic and estrogenic effects. Overall, considering the paucity of information available regarding ENN B1, further studies are necessary to perform a risk assessment. This review summarizes information on the biological characteristics and toxicological effects of ENN B1 as well as the future challenges that this mycotoxin could present. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5856 KiB  
Article
Effect of Monocerin, a Fungal Secondary Metabolite, on Endothelial Cells
by Tainah Colombo Gomes, Rafael Conrado, Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira, Priscila Jane Romano Gonçalves Selari, Itamar Soares de Melo, Welington Luiz Araújo, Durvanei Augusto Maria and Ana Olívia De Souza
Toxins 2023, 15(5), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050344 - 18 May 2023
Viewed by 1813
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and identification of the endophytic fungus Exserohilum rostratum through molecular and morphological analysis using optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as the procurement of its secondary metabolite monocerin, an isocoumarin derivative. Considering the previously observed biological [...] Read more.
This study reports the isolation and identification of the endophytic fungus Exserohilum rostratum through molecular and morphological analysis using optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as the procurement of its secondary metabolite monocerin, an isocoumarin derivative. Considering the previously observed biological activities of monocerin, this study was performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that are widely used as an in vitro model for several different purposes. Important parameters, such as cell viability, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, cellular proliferation by using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE), apoptosis analysis with annexin, cellular morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and laser confocal analysis were evaluated after exposing the cells to monocerin. After 24 h of exposure to monocerin at 1.25 mM, there was more than 80% of cell viability and a low percentage of cells in the early and late apoptosis and necrosis. Monocerin increased cell proliferation and did not induce cell senescence. Morphological analysis showed cellular integrity. The study demonstrates aspects of the mechanism of action of monocerin on endothelial cell proliferation, suggesting the possibility of its pharmaceutical application, such as in regenerative medicine. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop