T and B Cell Responses to HIV and Tuberculosis Infections/Coinfection and Vaccinations

Dear Colleagues,

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), which has infected an estimated 10 million people and caused 1.5 million deaths worldwide. This makes it one of the leading causes of death by a single infectious agent. Additionally, over one-third of the world's population (more than 2 billion people) has been latently infected with Mtb (LTBI). HIV is another significant pathogen responsible for the deaths of over 40 million people. Coinfection with HIV and TB leads to increased severity and higher mortality and morbidity compared to each infection alone. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for either HIV or tuberculosis, largely due to a limited understanding of HIV/Mtb-induced immunity. T cells are crucial, as they are targets for HIV infection and play a role in the immune response against both pathogens. B cell responses have also been correlated with HIV protection. Therefore, it is essential to extensively study T and B cell responses to HIV and Mtb infections, coinfection, and vaccinations in order to develop effective vaccines. Given the equal importance of T and B cell immunity in HIV/Mtb infections, coinfection, and vaccinations, the following aspects are of interest in this Special Issue:

1. Characterization of T and B cell immunity after HIV and/or Mtb infections and coinfection using human cohorts.
2. Develop vaccines for HIV/Mtb single infections or coinfection and test their efficacy in appropriate animal models.
3. Characterizing T and B cell epitopes and testing their potential for vaccine development.
4. Identify novel T cell subsets or new functions of existing T cell subsets during HIV/Mtb infections and coinfection.
5. Profiling of TCR/BCR after infections or vaccinations using high-throughput T/B cell receptor sequencing technology.
6. Exploration of novel techniques to characterize T and B cell immune responses to HIV/Mtb infections.

Dr. Guohua Yi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• T cells
• B cells
• viral infection
• vaccination
• vaccine development
• immunity
• vaccine efficacy