Entropy

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Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures.

by Shu-Kun Lin

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 148-149; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040148 - 1 Dec 1999

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8532

For readers interested in the Prigogine school of thermodynamics, this book is the first choice because it is a textbook.[...] Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A Revision of Clausius Work on the Second Law. 4. On the Refutal of Clausius Proof

by José C. Iñiguez

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 138-147; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040138 - 30 Oct 1999

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Abstract

Clausius arguments advanced to prove that in a reversible cyclical process the combined value of all the transformations therein occurring must be equal to nothing, are here refuted. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A Revision of Clausius Work on the Second Law. 3. On the Non-Zero Net Value of Carnots Reversible Cycle

by José C. Iñiguez

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 126-137; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040126 - 30 Oct 1999

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Abstract

Carnot's reversible cycle net value was determined using the previously derived values for the transformations there occurring. A negative net value is obtained as a result, in contradiction with current thermodynamics, Clausius analysis based position that the net value for such a cycle [...] Read more.

Carnot's reversible cycle net value was determined using the previously derived values for the transformations there occurring. A negative net value is obtained as a result, in contradiction with current thermodynamics, Clausius analysis based position that the net value for such a cycle is zero. The entropy function is introduced and the new criterion's for spontaneity, reversibility and equilibrium are advanced. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A Revision of Clausius Work on the Second Law. 2. On the Values of Clausius Transformations

by José C. Iñiguez

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 118-125; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040118 - 30 Oct 1999

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Abstract

The values associated to Clausius transformations are obtained through an analysis different to that of Clausius inasmuch it does not introduce any assumption or condition as to what the combined value of the transformations in a reversible cyclical process should be. The values [...] Read more.

The values associated to Clausius transformations are obtained through an analysis different to that of Clausius inasmuch it does not introduce any assumption or condition as to what the combined value of the transformations in a reversible cyclical process should be. The values thus obtained allow for the identification of the flaw in Clausius work leading to the inconsistency discussed in part I of this series. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A Revision of Clausius Work on the Second Law. 1. On the Lack of Inner Consistency of Clausius Analysis Leading to the Law of Increasing Entropy

by José C. Iñiguez

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 111-117; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040111 - 30 Oct 1999

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7928

Abstract

This paper, the first in a series of four, will expose the lack of inner consistency of the analysis through which Clausius re-expressed the second law of thermodynamics: "Heat cannot, of itself, pass from a colder to a hotter body", as the law [...] Read more.

This paper, the first in a series of four, will expose the lack of inner consistency of the analysis through which Clausius re-expressed the second law of thermodynamics: "Heat cannot, of itself, pass from a colder to a hotter body", as the law of increasing entropy: "The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum". In the two following papers the flaw in Clausius analysis producing the said lack of consistency will be located, corrected and some of its consequences, discussed. Among them the one stating that the identification of the two above written statements of the second law is valid only under certain circumstances. In the fourth and final Full article

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268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bayesian Reflection on Surfaces

by David R. Wolf

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 69-98; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040069 - 30 Oct 1999

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7013

Abstract

The topic of this paper is a novel Bayesian continuous-basis field representation and inference framework. Within this paper several problems are solved: The maximally informative inference of continuous-basis fields, that is where the basis for the field is itself a continuous object and [...] Read more.

The topic of this paper is a novel Bayesian continuous-basis field representation and inference framework. Within this paper several problems are solved: The maximally informative inference of continuous-basis fields, that is where the basis for the field is itself a continuous object and not representable in a finite manner; the tradeoff between accuracy of representation in terms of information learned, and memory or storage capacity in bits; the approximation of probability distributions so that a maximal amount of information about the object being inferred is preserved; an information theoretic justification for multigrid methodology. The maximally informative field inference framework is described in full generality and denoted the Generalized Kalman Filter. The Generalized Kalman Filter allows the update of field knowledge from previous knowledge at any scale, and new data, to new knowledge at any other scale. An application example instance, the inference of continuous surfaces from measurements (for example, camera image data), is presented. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Evidence and Credibility: Full Bayesian Significance Test for Precise Hypotheses

by Carlos Alberto De Bragança Pereira and Julio Michael Stern

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 99-110; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040099 - 25 Oct 1999

Cited by 113 | Viewed by 14644

Abstract

A Bayesian measure of evidence for precise hypotheses is presented. The intention is to give a Bayesian alternative to significance tests or, equivalently, to p-values. In fact, a set is defined in the parameter space and the posterior probability, its credibility, is evaluated. [...] Read more.

A Bayesian measure of evidence for precise hypotheses is presented. The intention is to give a Bayesian alternative to significance tests or, equivalently, to p-values. In fact, a set is defined in the parameter space and the posterior probability, its credibility, is evaluated. This set is the "Highest Posterior Density Region" that is "tangent" to the set that defines the null hypothesis. Our measure of evidence is the complement of the credibility of the "tangent" region. Full article

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200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Theory of Biological Evolution and Aging. Experimental Confirmation of Theory

by Georgi P. Gladyshev

Entropy 1999, 1(4), 55-68; https://doi.org/10.3390/e1040055 - 6 Oct 1999

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 10208

Abstract

The work presents experimental confirmation of the author's thermodynamic theory of the biological evolution and aging of living beings. It shows that using the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics, it is easy to describe biological evolution (phylogeny) and [...] Read more.

The work presents experimental confirmation of the author's thermodynamic theory of the biological evolution and aging of living beings. It shows that using the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics, it is easy to describe biological evolution (phylogeny) and ontogeny in terms of equilibrium hierarchical thermodynamics. This theory explains many known facts and makes it possible to formulate new practical recommendations in the sphere of medical and biological disciplines, for instance, dietology, gerontology, and geriatrics. Using the models of temporal hierarchies when studying living nature, researchers can go a long way towards understanding it. Full article

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Entropy, Volume 1, Issue 4 (December 1999) – 8 articles , Pages 55-149

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