Phytochemical Characterizations of Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance

Abstract

Two new ursane-type triterpenoids, named Polyanside A (1) and B (2), along with eleven known compounds (3–13), were isolated and elucidated from Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical evidence and multiple spectroscopic data. Isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and cytotoxicity on a normal human cell line (BJ). None of them showed activity and cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction was analyzed by GC-MS, resulting in the identification of forty-one compounds. This is the first comprehensive study on the phytochemistry of M. polyandra.

1. Introduction

The history of medicinal plants is as old as the history of human beings. Natural products have played a vital role in drug discovery. The use of natural components from folk medicines requires a clear understanding of chemistry, efficacy, and safety. Now, there has been a surge in interest in valorizing the biological importance of medicinal plants [1,2]. It is a pressing priority to obtain potent phytoconstituent from different medicinal plants and to explore their promising benefits [3,4].

Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance (Synonym: Parinari polyandra Benth., World Flora Online) belongs to the Chrysobalanaceae family. It is a savannah tree of Africa ranging from Mali to Sudan, some parts of southern states of Nigeria, and largely found in Benin, where it is locally known as Wantuwiwi [5,6]. Different parts of this tree have been used for various ailments, for example, measles [7], diarrhea [8], fertility disorder [9,10], wounds, fracture, fever, and syphilis [11,12]. The extract from the stem bark, fruit, and seed of M. polyandra has shown anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [9], antihyperlipidemic, hypercalcemic [10], hypertensive, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetic [13], and antioxidant effects [14]. However, phytochemistry investigation of this species is extremely limited, except for a few studies [15,16,17,18]. Until now, only three compounds (xanthoxylin, β-eudesmol, luteolin) have been isolated from this plant [15]. The composition of seed oil has been analyzed by GC-MS [17,18]. In addition, GC-MS analysis on the extract and fractions of M. polyandra stem bark just confirmed the presence of some fatty acids [16].

Thus, the current study aimed to explore the phytochemical constituent from M. polyandra through isolation and GC-MS analysis. Finally, two new triterpenoids (1 and 2), and eleven known compounds (3–13) were isolated. In addition, GC-MS analysis of the hexane fraction also led to the identification of 41 compounds. This is the first comprehensive phytochemistry study of this species. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities and cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 13 were evaluated. None of them were active. Based on traditional uses, anti-inflammatory components might exist in this plant. Further study may be required to discover potent anti-inflammatory molecules from this species.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Structure Elucidation of Isolated Compounds

First, 80% MeOH extract of the stem bark of M. polyandra was fractioned by n-hexane for GC-MS analysis. The remaining residue was then isolated using chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography (CC), C18 CC, Sephadex LH 20 CC, and HPLC. Thirteen compounds (1–13) were obtained, including two new compounds (1 and 2) and eleven known compounds (3–13) (Figure 1). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated mainly through NMR techniques, primarily based on 1D NMR (¹H and ¹³C NMR), 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and MS techniques including EI-MS and HR-EI-MS.

Polyanside A (1) was obtained as needle-shaped white crystals. The molecular formula was recognized as C₃₀H₄₈O₂ based on HR-EI-MS (m/z 440.3648 [M]⁺, calcd. for 440.3654), representing seven degrees of unsaturation (Figure S2). 1D NMR (

Table 1. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data of compound 1 and 2.

No.	1		2
	δH a	δC b	δH a	δC b
1a	1.93 (o c)	41.7	1.63 (o)	40.9
1b	1.34 (o)		0.99 (o)
2a	2.74 ddd (15.5, 13.5, 6.5)	34.5	1.63 (o)	27.4
2b	2.27 ddd (15.5, 5.0, 3.0)		1.61 (o)
3	-	216.7	3.14 dd (10.0, 5.0)	79.1
4	-	48.7	-	39.6
5	1.22 br s	56.4	0.74 br s	55.5
6	4.49 br s	69.3	4.55 br s	68.7
7a	1.81 dd (14.5, 4.0)	40.8	1.79 dd (14.5, 4.0)	40.9
7b	1.55 (o)		1.52 (o)
8	-	39.3	-	39.1
9	1.63 dd (11.5, 5.5)	47.3	1.56 dd(11.5, 6.0)	48.0
10	-	36.3	-	36.3
11a	2.11 ddd (18.0, 11.5, 3.0)	23.5	2.05 ddd (18.0, 12.0, 3.0)	23.3
11b	1.99 (o)		1.95 (o)
12	5.18 dd (5.0, 3.0)	124.5	5.16 dd (4.5, 3.0)	124.8
13	-	139.0	-	138.7
14	-	42.8	-	42.7
15a	1.89 (o)	26.6	1.87 (o)	26.6
15b	0.97 ddd (13.0, 4.0, 2.0)		0.96 (o)
16a	1.98 (o)	28.0	1.98 (o)	28.1
16b	0.86 (o)		0.87 (o)
17	-	33.8	-	33.8
18	1.33 (o)	59.1	1.32 (o)	59.1
19	1.31 (o)	39.7	1.32 (o)	39.7
20	0.88 (o)	39.6	0.87 (o)	39.6
21a	1.37 (o)	31.2	1.37 (o)	31.3
21b	1.24 (o)		1.23 (o)
22a	1.41 (o)	41.5	1.40 (o)	41.5
22b	1.28 (o)		1.28 (o)
23	1.15 s	26.0	1.06 s	28.0
24	1.40 s	23.9	1.16 s	17.2
25	1.50 s	16.7	1.32 s	17.0
26	1.35 s	18.9	1.28 s	18.6
27	1.02 s	23.3	1.02 s	23.4
28	0.80 s	28.7	0.79 s	28.7
29	0.78 d (6.0)	17.4	0.78 d (6.0)	17.4
30	0.90 br s	21.4	0.90 br s	21.4

^a measured in CDCl₃ at 500 MHz. ^b measured in CDCl₃ at 125 MHz. ^c o = overlapped.

, Figures S6–S13) revealed the presence of thirty carbons, including eight methyl groups at δ_H 1.50, 1.40, 1.35, 1.15, 1.02, and 0.80 as singlets, along with a broad singlet at δ_H 0.90 (br s) and a doublet at δ_H 0.78 (d, J = 5.8 Hz). A group of typical signals consisting of an olefinic proton at δ_H 5.18 (dd, J = 5.0, 2.5 Hz), two olefinic carbons at δ_C 124.5, and 139.0, and a carbonyl signal at δ_C 216.7, were suggestive of a urs-12-en-3-one skeleton. All NMR data showed great similarity with α-amyrone except an extra oxymethine signal at δ_H 4.49 (br s) that is correlated with δ_C 69.3 in HSQC [19,20]. The presence of a hydroxyl was confirmed at C-6 through COSY correlations between H-5 (δ_H 1.22), H-7a (δ_H 1.81, dd, 14.8, 3.8), H-7b (δ_H 1.55, overlapped), and δ_H 4.49, along with HMBC correlations between H-5 (δ_H 1.22), H-7a (δ_H 1.81), H-7b (δ_H 1.55), and δ_C 69.3. The orientation of the hydroxyl can be confirmed as β, because correlations between H₃-25 (δ_H 1.50), H₃-26 (δ_H 1.35) and H-6 (δ_H 4.49) were absent; instead, correlation between H-5 (δ_H 1.22) and H-6 (δ_H 4.49) was observed. Thus, the structure of compound 1 was elucidated as shown in Figure 1 and named Polyanside A. Key ¹H-¹H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY correlations are shown in Figure 2 (Figures S14–S21).

Polyanside B (2) was obtained as an amorphous white powder with molecular formula of C₃₀H₅₀O₂ deduced by HREIMS (m/z 442.3832 [M]⁺, calcd. for 442.3811), representing six degrees of unsaturation (Figure S23). 1D NMR data (Table 1, Figures S27–S33) of 2 is in good agreement with 1, except one more oxymethine proton at δ_H 3.14 (dd, J = 10.0, 5.0 Hz) and the absence of a carbonyl signal. The location of δ_H 3.14 was confirmed at C-3 through HMBC correlations of δ_H 3.14 with C-2 (δ_C 27.4), C-5 (δ_C 55.5), C-23 (δ_C 17.0), and C-24 (δ_C 28.05), along with COSY correlations between δ_H 3.14 and H-2 (δ_H 1.61 and 1.63). In addition, H-3 exhibited correlations with H-5 (δ_H 0.74, d, 2.0 Hz), implying a β-orientation of the hydroxyl at C-3. Therefore, the structure of compound 2 was elucidated as shown in Figure 1 and named Polyanside B. Key COSY, HMBC, and NOESY correlations are shown in Figure 2 (Figures S34–S41).

Compounds 3–13 were isolated from M. polyandra for the first time and recognized by compared to previously reported data. They were betulonic acid (3) [21], kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4) [22], n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (5) (Figure 1) [23], β-sitosterol (6) [24,25], stigmasterol (7) [26,27], stigmastane-3,6-dione (8) [28], stigmastane-4-ene-3-one (9), 4,22-stigmastadiene-3-one (10) [29], β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (11) [30], n-hexadecanol (12), and palmitic acid (13) [31].

Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 13 were performed for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell (breast cancer), NCI-H460 (lung cancer), Hela (cervical cancer), and cytotoxicity against normal human cell line BJ, which were obtained from a cell culture biobank (PCMD, ICCBS) of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), MTT assay was used for this activity (S3.5) [32]. All of them were observed to be inactive and nontoxic with inhibition < 50% at 50 µM. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 13 were also screened for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity by a previously described method (S3.6) [33]. Unfortunately, all tested compounds displayed <50% inhibition at 25 µg/mL. The methanol extract and hexane fraction were tested for the same assays. However, they were inactive.

Compound 6 was reported to possess a good antinociceptive effect conferring to hot-plate and tail-flick assays [34]. Compounds 6 and 11 have been claimed to be the responsible components of an active extract to inhibit the growth of A549 cells (lung carcinoma epithelial cells) by analyzing the extract by LC-MS-MS [35]. However, in the current study they were inactive against NCI-H460 (lung cancer). Sari et al. evaluated the antimicrobial potential of 6 and 8. It was observed that 6 inhibited S. aureus with MIC of 9.4 µg/mL. Meanwhile, 8 inhibited S. enterica with MIC of 37.5 µg/mL [36]. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to test compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 13 for their anti-cancer potential (against MCF-7, HeLa, and H460) as pure compounds.

2.2. Phytochemical Investigation of Hexane Fraction by GC-MS

GC-MS analysis of the hexane fraction revealed the presence of different phytochemicals, which are shown in Figure 3 and listed in

Table 2. Chemical constituents obtained from GC-MS analysis of Hexane fraction of M. polyandra.

Peak Number	RT (min)	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	Molecular Weight	Area Sum%	Compound Nature	Uses	References
1.	6.36	2,4-Dimethylhexane	C8H18	114	0.1	Hydrocarbon	Flavor	[37]
2.	10.47	2-Heptenal	C7H12O	112	0.13	Aldehyde	Flavor	[37]
3.	12.28	2-Ethylhexanol	C8H18O	130	0.49	Alcohol	Dispersants, printing, dying, and paints	[38]
4.	12.57	N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	C5H9NO	99	0.52	Lactam	Recover certain hydrocarbons generated in processing of petrochemicals	[39]
5.	13.00	2-Octenal	C8H14O	126	0.06	Aldehyde	-
6.	14.07	n-Nonanal	C9H18O	142	0.04	Aldehyde	-
7.	14.49	Methyl caprylate	C9H18O2	158	0.06	Ester	-
8.	15.57	Caprylic acid	C8H16O2	144	0.44	Fatty acid	-
9.	17.55	2-Decenol	C10H18O	154	0.42	Aldehyde	Flavor	[37]
10.	17.59	Nonanoic acid	C9H18O2	158	0.02	Aldehyde	Flavor	[37]
11.	18.24	2,4-Decadienal	C9H18O2	158	0.13	Fatty acid	Flavor	[37]
12.	18.71	2,4-Decanedienal	C10H16O	152	0.17	Aldehyde	Flavor	[37]
13.	19.54	n-Decanoic acid	C10H20O2	172	0.13	Fatty acid	-
14.	20.46	3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde acetate	C10H10O4	194	1.16	Aromatic compound	Flavor	[37]
15.	22.60	Vanillic acid methyl ester	C9H10O4	182	0.06	Aromatic compound	Flavor	[37]
16.	23.90	Methyl 4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoate	C17H26O2	262	0.35	Fatty ester	-
17.	25.55	n-heptadecane	C17H36	240	0.1	Alkane	-
18.	27.73	n-octadecane	C18H38	254	0.14	Hydrocarbon	A volatile oil	[37]
19.	30.08	1-hexadecanol	C16H34O	242	2.15	Alcohol	-
20.	30.66	n-Nonadecane	C19H40	268	0.86	Hydrocarbon	-
21.	31.62	n-Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester	C17H34O2	270	5.17	Ester	-
22.	33.5	n-Hexadecanoic acid	C16H32O2	256	0.73	Hydrocarbon	-
23.	34.71	Eicosane	C20H42	282	0.93	Hydrocarbon	Used for the treatment of eczema	[40]
24.	37.98	9-Octadecen-1-ol	C18H36O	268	2.36	Alcohol	-
25.	39.39	1-Heptadecanol	C17H36O	256	1.24	Alcohol	-
26.	40.12	Methyl linoleate	C19H34O2	294	2.07	Fatty	Anti-inflammatory	[37]
27.	40.54	Methyl (10E)-10-octadecenoat	C19H36O2	296	2.61	Ester	-
28.	40.88	Oleic acid methyl ester	C19H36O2	296	0.39	Ester	-
29.	42.25	n-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C20H40O2	312	0.74	Alcohol	Emulsifier	[37]
30.	47.12	Eicosanol	C20H40O2	298	0.63	Arachidyl alcohol	Emollient and thickener	[37]
31.	49.08	Kauran-16-ol	C20H34O	290	0.7	Diterpene	-
32.	55.31	Methyl docosanoate	C23H46O2	354	0.62	Ester	-
33.	67.96	Stigmasterol	C29H48O	412	6.22	Sterol	Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarthritic, anti-ulcer, insulin-releasing, and estrogenic effects	[34,41,42]
34.	69.53	γ-Sitosterol	C29H50O	414	2.99	Sterol	Antidiabetic activity	[43]
35.	71.44	β-amyrone	C30H50O	426	1.42	Triterpene	Anti-inflammatory activity	[41,44]
36.	71.88	4,22-Stigmastadiene-3-one	C29H46O	410	8.33	Steroid	Antimicrobial activity	[41]
37.	73.91	Stigmast-4-en-3-one	C29H48O	412	7.4	Sterol	Hypoglycemic activity	[45]
38.	77.21	Friedelan-3-one	C30H50O	426	0.92	Triterpene	Antimicrobial activity	[46]
39.	77.81	3-Methoxystigmasta-5,22-diene	C30H50O	426	3.85	Steroid	-
40.	79.82	β-Amyrin methyl ether	C31H52O	440	7.71	Pentacyclic triterpene	-
41.	80.49	5α-Stigmastane-3,6-dione	C29H48O2	428	3.27	Sterol	-

.

The major phytocomponents obtained from the hexane fraction were β-amyrin (8.55%), 4,22-stigmastadiene-3-one (8.33%), β-amyrin methyl ether (7.71%), stigmast-4-en-3-one (7.4%), stigmasterol (6.22%), n-hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (5.17%), (22E)-3 methoxystigmasta-5,22-diene (3.85%), 5α-stigmastane-3,6-dione (3.27%), γ-sitosterol (2.99%), methyl 13-octadecenoate (2.61%), methyl (10E)-10-octadecenoat (2.61%), oleyl alcohol (2.36%), trans-9-octadecen-1-ol (2.36%), hexadecanol (2.15%), 9-hexadecen-1-ol (2.15%), methyl linoleate (2.07%), 1-heptadecanol (1.24%), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, acetate (1.16%), eicosane (0.93%), and friedelan-3-one (0.92%).

By deciphering the results obtained from the GC-MS analysis, it was observed that M. polyandra contained various phytochemicals that are known for their different medicinal and economical importance. These results were acquired firstly through gas chromatogram, in which area of the peaks indicated the relative concentration of the phytoconstituent present in hexane fraction, and their structures were identified through NIST online database for mass spectrometry. The obtained phytochemicals have been reported to possess different biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. These results provided new knowledge about the non-polar components from M. polyandra.

3. Materials and Methods

3.1. General Experimental Procedures

Low-resolution mass spectra EI-MS were chronicled on a JEOL MS route JMS 600H instrument, and HR-EI-MS was analyzed on Thermo Finnigan MAT 95XP linked with X-Calibur. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance NEO-500, 400 NMR spectrometer in CDCl₃ at 500, 400, and 125 MHz, respectively. The UV was checked on the Evolution^TM 300 Spectrophotometer, and FT-IR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vector 22 spectrophotometer. Optical rotations were determined on a JASCO 2000 Polarimeter. The purity of the compounds was verified on TLC (Silica gel, Merck F254, 0.25 mm thickness). Melting points were determined in glass capillary tubes using the Buchi melting point apparatus. For the TLC plate’s visualization, vanillin and ceric sulfate staining reagents were used. All experiments were performed at room temperature using solvents acquired commercially and used without further purification.

3.2. Collection of Plant Material

The stem bark of Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance was collected by Mr. Kayode Muritala Salawu, a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, in August 2018 in the main campus of the University of Ilorin. The plant was identified and authenticated at the Herbarium Unit of the Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, where the voucher specimen was deposited by the synonym Parinari polyandra Benth and voucher number (UILH/001/582/2021) was issued.

3.3. Extraction and Isolation

The sample was washed properly with distilled water, then air-dried and ground. The powder (1.2 kg) was extracted with 80% of methanol by using a Soxhlet extractor. The extract was concentrated to dryness in vacuum. The residue (104.3 g) was suspended in water, and extracted by hexane. The hexane layer (1.2 g) was used for GC-MS analysis. The remaining residue was extracted by BuOH and the main fraction (38.4 g) was obtained, which was subjected to silica gel (100–200 mesh) column chromatography (CC) and eluted with Hexane/DCM/MeOH (100:0:0–0:0:100). Finally, 20 major fractions (F₁–F₂₀) were obtained. F₅ (358.7 mg) was separated using silica gel CC and eluted with Hexane/EtOAc (99:1 to 1:1) to afford 10 sub-fractions (F_5-1–F_5-10). Then F_5-5 was subjected to normal phase preparative HPLC (98% hexane/2% EtOAc) and 12 (5.0 mg) was obtained. F₇ (450.5 mg) was performed on silica gel CC and eluted with Hexane/EtOAc to afford 14 sub-fractions (F_7-1–F_7-14). F_7-3 (29.2 mg) was subjected to HPLC (Hex/EtOAc 9:1) and gave 9 (3.5 mg). F_7-4 (25.5 mg) was chromatographed using HPLC (Hex/EtOAc 9:1) to give 1 (9.4 mg) and 10 (3.5 mg). F_7-8 (80.8 mg) and F_7-9 (26.4 mg) was subjected to HPLC (Hex/EtOAc 8:2) respectively to yield 6 (10.3 mg), 4 (2.7 mg), 7 (2.8 mg), and 8 (8.3 mg), respectively. While F_7-12 (53.0 mg) and F_7-13 (25.2 mg) were followed by silica gel CC, then subjected to Sephadex LH-20, and acquired five sub-fractions, respectively. F_7-12-2 (29.2 mg) and F_7-13-2 (19.5 mg) were purified by HPLC (Hex/EtOAc 7:3) to give 2 (3.0 mg) and 3 (3.5 mg), respectively. F₁₀ (677.8 mg) was chromatographed on silica gel CC and get 10 sub-fractions (F_10-1–F_10-10). F_10-1 (74.8 mg) was purified via HPLC using hexane: ethyl acetate (7:3), compound 13 (7.0 mg) was obtained. 5 (18.2 mg) was crystalized from F₁₅ (650.5 mg), and the remaining residue was purified using silica gel CC (EtOAc/MeOH, 99:1–100:0) and gave 11 (8.2 mg).

Polyanside A (1): needle-like crystals. [α]²⁷_D −23 (c 0.001, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λ_max 213 nm (logε) (2.52) (Figure S3); m.p. 260–262 °C; IR (KBR) v_max 3734 broad (O-H), 3263 (=C-H), 2919 (C-H), 1691 (C=O), 1453(C=C), 1058 (C-O), and 914 cm⁻¹ (=C-H) (Figure S4); CD nm [mdeg] 370 (2.66), 356 (−0.37), 336 (0.80); 314 (−3.46), 206 (50.14) (Figure S5); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 500 MHz) and ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃ 150 MHz) data, see Table 1; EI-MS m/z 440.4 [M]⁺ (Figure S1); HR-EI-MS (m/z 440.3648 [M]⁺ calcd. for C₃₀H₄₈O₂ 440.3654) (Figure S2).

Polyanside B (2): an amorphous powder. [α]²⁷_D +107 (c 0.001, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λ_max 214 nm (logε) (2.98) (Figure S24); m.p. 228–230 °C; IR (KBR) v_max 3729 broad (O-H), 3431(C=C-H), 2930 (C-H), and 1455 (C=C) cm⁻¹ (Figure S25); CD nm [mdeg] 392 (−0.65), 382 (−1.89), 370 (−0.08), 356 (−2.95), 338 (−1.29), 324 (−4.01), 212 (52.15) (Figure S26); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 500 MHz) and ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃ 150 MHz) data see Table 1; EI-MS m/z 442.4 [M]⁺ (Figure S22); HR-EI-MS (m/z 442.3832 [M]⁺ calcd. for C₃₀H₄₈O₂ 442.3811) (Figure S23).

3.4. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis

The hexane fraction was analyzed through Agilent 7000 GC/MS triple Quad, and Agilent 7890A GC system. The Agilent 7890A GC detector was used to accomplish the analysis. OPTIMA SN 23102-72 OPTIMA-5 was used to give temperature the maximum temperature during the analysis was 325 °C (30 m × 250 µm × 0.25 µm) and the phytocomponent were separated using helium as a carrier gas at a constant flow of 1.129 mL/min. A 2 µL volume of sample was injected, then analyzed by the Agilent 7000 triple quad mass detector. Initially, the temperature was maintained at 50 °C for 3 min, then it increased with 7 °C/min till 200 °C in 20 min, and then 7 °C/min till 300 °C in 25 min. Total runtime was 83.71 min. During this process, the injector temperature was maintained at 250 °C. Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with ZB-5MS (30 m × 0.32 ID and 0.25 μm film thickness) was combined with a Jeol, JMS-600H mass spectrometer operating in EI mode with ion source at 250 °C, and electron energy at 70 eV. Carrier gas volume was adjusted between 1.0 and 5.0 µL depending upon the detector response. The library used to identify the constituents was NIST Mass Spectral Search Program and Kovat’s retention indices.

4. Conclusions

Two undescribed ursane-type triterpenoids, named Polyanside A (1) and B (2), along with eleven known compounds (3-13), were isolated and elucidated from Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical evidence and multiple spectroscopic data. The hexane faction was analyzed by GC-MS, resulting the identification of forty-one compounds. The results contributed new knowledge to the phytochemistry of M. polyandra. Unfortunately, the tested compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 13 were found to be inactive on the anti-cancer and inflammatory assay. In addition, other compounds were not able to be employed for activity evaluation due to the poor quantity. The limited quantity of initial material presented difficulty in isolating more pure components or a greater quantity of obtained compounds. Further study with a sufficient quantity of initial material is required to discover potent molecules from this plant.