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Volume 30
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity

by
Krystian Pupel
,
Kacper Jędrzejewski
,
Sylwia Zoladek
,
Marcin Palys
and
Barbara Palys
*
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Str. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030533
Submission received: 29 November 2024 / Revised: 21 January 2025 / Accepted: 21 January 2025 / Published: 24 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrochemical Nanocomposites)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) show intrinsic electrocatalytic activity towards the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. Combining these materials with gold nanoparticles results in highly sensitive electrodes, with sensitivity in the nanomolar range because the electrocatalytic properties of GO and nanoparticles are synergistically enhanced. Understanding the factors influencing such synergy is crucial to designing novel catalytically active materials. In this contribution, we study gold nanostructures having shapes of nanospheres (AuNSs), nanourchins (AuNUs), and nanobowls (AuNBs) combined with GO or electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). We investigate the amperometric responses of the hybrid layers to H2O2. The AuNUs show the highest sensitivity compared to AuNBs and AuNSs. All materials are characterized by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra are deconvoluted by fitting them with five components in th e1000–1800 cm−1 range (D*, D, D”, G, and D′). The interaction between nanoparticles and GO is visualized by the relative intensities of Raman bands (ID/IG) and other parameters in the Raman spectra, like various D”, D* band positions and intensities. The ID/IG parameter is linearly correlated with the sensitivity (R2 = 0.97), suggesting that defects in the graphene structure are significant factors influencing the electrocatalytic H2O2 reduction.
Keywords: hydrogen peroxide sensing; graphene; gold nanoparticles; Raman intensities; non-enzymatic sensor; reactive oxygen species detection hydrogen peroxide sensing; graphene; gold nanoparticles; Raman intensities; non-enzymatic sensor; reactive oxygen species detection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pupel, K.; Jędrzejewski, K.; Zoladek, S.; Palys, M.; Palys, B. The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity. Molecules 2025, 30, 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030533

AMA Style

Pupel K, Jędrzejewski K, Zoladek S, Palys M, Palys B. The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity. Molecules. 2025; 30(3):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030533

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pupel, Krystian, Kacper Jędrzejewski, Sylwia Zoladek, Marcin Palys, and Barbara Palys. 2025. "The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity" Molecules 30, no. 3: 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030533

APA Style

Pupel, K., Jędrzejewski, K., Zoladek, S., Palys, M., & Palys, B. (2025). The Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Layers for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing—Effect of the Nanoparticles Shape and Importance of the Graphene Oxide Defects for the Sensitivity. Molecules, 30(3), 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030533

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