A New Species of Lycodapus from the Emperor Seamount Chain, Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Key to Species of Lycodapus
- 1A. Gill rakers on first gill arch very short and blunt; gill raker ratio less than 30% ……………………………………………………………………………… 2
- 1B. Gill rakers stout to long; gill raker ratio more than 30% …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
- 2A. Four preopercular pores; vomerine plus inner row of dentary teeth enlarged and not sexually dimorphic in adults; gill slit not extending above pectoral base (Strait of Juan de Fuca to Aleutian Islands) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Lycodapus parviceps
- 2B. Three preopercular pores; vomerine and dentary teeth small; gill slit extending slightly above pectoral fin base (Bering Sea) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Lycodapus psarostomatus
- 3A. Gill rakers of first gill arch, blunt and stout (pointed in young L. mandibularis), gill raker ratio usually 30 to 150% (rarely 170% in juveniles); when rakers of first arch are pressed downward against the arch, their tips usually lie close to and not beyond base of the adjacent raker down the arch; one median interorbital pore, four mandibular pores, four preopercular pores (except L. leptus has less than four preopercular pores) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
- 3B. Gill rakers of first gill arch, long, slender and pointed; gill raker ratio usually between 150 and 270%, if less than 150% the gill rakers are pointed and there are three preopercular pores; when rakers pressed downward against the arch, their tips usually lie closer to base of second raker down the arch than base of adjacent raker; a median or paired interorbital pore; three or four mandibular pores ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10
- 4A. Total number of vertebrae 75 to 82 (Antarctic and North Pacific Oceans) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Lycodapus pachysoma
- 4B. Total number of vertebrae more than 82 ………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
- 5A. Total number of vertebrae 98 to 105; four preopercular pores, snout length less than 32% of head length (Antarctic waters) ……………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Lycodapus antarcticus
- 5B. Total number of vertebrae 99 or less; if more than 96, then three preopercular pores or snout length greater than 32% of head length …………………………….………….………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
- 6A. Three preopercular pores, often secondarily closed in adults; total number of vertebrae, 94 to 99; palatine teeth, 0–5; head length 13 to 15% of SL (Bering Sea) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Lycodapus leptus
- 6B. Four preopercular pores; total number of vertebrae, 79 to 99 (if more than 96 then palatine teeth numerous); head length 12 to 23% (usually more than 15%) of SL ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
- 7A. Vomerine teeth 0 to 5; palatine teeth 3 to 13 (usually less than 10 on each side); upper rim of eye reaches level of dorsal profile of head; gill raker ratio about 65 to 165% (lower in adults) (total number of vertebrae 81 to 96; usually inhabits midwater at depths less than 700 m off western North America) …………Lycodapus mandibularis
- 7B. Vomerine teeth 16 to 21 (reduced to 4 on some mature males); palatine teeth 8 to 29 on each side; upper rim of eye of adults below dorsal profile of head; gill raker ratio 49 to 106% ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
- 8A. Total number of vertebrae 79 to 85 (Sea of Okhotsk and probably Bering Sea) …………………………….…………………………Lycodapus microchir
- 8B. Total number of vertebrae 87 to 99 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
- 9A. Total number of vertebrae 95 to 99; upper end of gill slit level to upper end of pectoral-fin base or only slightly above it; known from near-bottom layer at depths 643–822 m over the Emperor Seamounts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Lycodapus imperatorius sp. nov.
- 9B. Total number of vertebrae 87 to 95; upper end of gill slit well above from upper end of pectoral-fin base; inhabits depths of 933 to 2225 m off western North America, south of 50° N ……………………….………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Lycodapus endemoscotus
- 10A. Vomerine teeth absent; total number of vertebrae 73 to 84; precaudal vertebrae 14 or 15; a median interorbital pore; three preopercular pores (Sea of Okhotsk and western Bering Sea) ………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………..Lycodapus derjugini
- 10B. Vomerine teeth present; total number of vertebrae 77 or more; precaudal vertebrae 13 to 18; three or four preopercular pores ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
- 11A. Usually two interorbital pores; three preopercular pores (sometime four in L. australis); three mandibular pores (sometimes four in L. australis); vertebrae 83 or more (if four preopercular or mandibular pores then 3 to 14 palatine teeth) …………….…….………………………………………………………………………………..12
- 11B. One interorbital pore; three preopercular pores (frequently four in L. dermatinus); four mandibular pores (frequently three in L. dermatinus); total number of vertebrae 76 to 87 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13
- 12A. Lips with dark pigment; precaudal vertebrae 13 to 15; inhabits northeastern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Lycodapus fierasfer
- 12B. Lips without dark pigment; precaudal vertebrae 15 to 18; inhabits areas around Straits of Magellan) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Lycodapus australis
- 13A. Palatine teeth 2 to 26 (usually 6 to 18); vomerine teeth 3 to 19 (usually 5 to 12); total number of vertebrae 76 to 82; precaudal vertebrae 13 to 15 (northeast Pacific south of 56° N latitude) ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………Lycodapus dermatinus
- 13B. Palatine teeth 0–4 (usually 0–2); vomerine teeth 1–6 (usually 2–5); total number of vertebrae 80–87; precaudal vertebrae 15–17 (Bering Sea) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Lycodapus poecilus
6. Research Gaps and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Peden, A.E.; Anderson, M.E. A systematic review of the fish genus Lycodapus (Zoarcidae) with descriptions of two new species. Can. J. Zool. 1978, 56, 1925–1961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peden, A.E.; Anderson, M.E. Lycodapus (Pisces: Zoarcidae) of eastern Bering Sea and nearby Pacific Ocean, with three new species and a revised key to the species. Can. J. Zool. 1981, 59, 667–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tomo, A.P. Contribucion al Conocimiento de la Fauna Ictiologica del Sector Antarctico Argentino; Argent. Inst. Antarct: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1982; pp. 1–242. [Google Scholar]
- Saushkina, D.Y.; Kurbanov, Y.K. Record of Juvenile Eelpout Lycodapus dermatinus (Zoarcidae) in Pacific Waters of Kamchatka. J. Ichthyol. 2020, 60, 772–775. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Radchenko, O.A.; Chereshnev, I.A.; Petrovskaya, A.V. Position of the genera Lycenchelys Gill and Lycodapus Gilbert in the family Zoarcidae (Perciformes: Zoarcoidei) inferred from molecular genetic analysis. Rus. J. Genet. 2012, 48, 310–320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Radchenko, O.A. The system of the suborder Zoarcoidei (Pisces, Perciformes) as inferred from molecular genetic data. Rus. J. Genet. 2015, 51, 1096–1112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Radchenko, O.A. Timeline of the evolution of eelpouts from the suborder Zoarcoidei (Perciformes) based on DNA variability. J. Ichthyol. 2016, 56, 556–568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kurnosova, A.S.; Somov, A.A.; Kanzeparova, A.N.; Zuev, M.A.; Orlova, S.Y.; Kurnosov, D.S.; Orlov, A.M. Micronekton and Macroplankton and the Conditions of Its Habitat in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. Oceanology 2022, 62, 68–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Somov, A.A.; Kanzeparova, A.N.; Vazhova, A.S.; Khleborodov, A.S.; Zuev, M.A.; Slabinsky, A.M.; Orlova, S.Y.; Kurnosov, D.S.; Balyaev, V.A.; Orlov, A.M. Some preliminary results of research on Emperor Seamounts in April, 2019. Tr. VNIRO 2019, 175, 208–219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anderson, M.E. Revision of the fish genera Gymnelus Reinhardt and Gymnelopsis Soldatov (Zoarcidae), with two new species and comparative osteology of Gymnelus viridis. Natl. Mus. Can. Publ. Zool. 1982, 17, 1–76. [Google Scholar]
- Prokofiev, A.M.; Orlov, A.M. Eustomias securicula sp. nov.—The Second Representative of the Subgenus Biradiostomias (Melanostomiidae) in the Pacific Ocean. J. Ichthyol. 2022, 62, 316–319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prokofiev, A.M.; Emelyanova, O.R.; Orlov, A.M.; Orlova, S.Y. A New Species of Diaphus Associated with Seamounts of the Emperor Chain, North-Western Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Myctophiformes: Myctophidae). J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ivanova, N.V.; Zemlak, T.S.; Hanner, R.H.; Hebert, P. Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2007, 7, 544–548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ward, R.D.; Zemlak, T.S.; Innes, B.H.; Last, P.R.; Hebert, P.D. DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2005, 360, 1847–1857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, J.W.; Costa, M.; Valente, V.; Sousa, J.D.F.; Paçó-Larson, M.; Espreafico, E.; Camargo, S.; Monteiro, E.; Holanda, A.D.J.; Zago, M.; et al. PCR template preparation for capillary DNA sequencing. Biotechniques 2001, 30, 537–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Drummond, A.J.; Ashton, B.; Buxton, S.; Cheung, M.; Cooper, A.; Duran, C.; Field, M.; Heled, J.; Kearse, M.; Markowitz, S.; et al. Geneious v5.4. 2011. Available online: http://www.geneious.com (accessed on 24 September 2021).
- Leigh, J.W.; Bryant, D. Popart: Full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2015, 6, 1110–1116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Villesen, P. FaBox: An online toolbox for fasta sequences. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2007, 7, 965–968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Librado, P.; Rozas, J. DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 2009, 25, 1451–1452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hotaling, S.; Borowiec, M.L.; Lins, L.S.; Desvignes, T.; Kelley, J.L. The biogeographic history of eelpouts and related fishes: Linking phylogeny, environmental change, and patterns of dispersal in a globally distributed fish group. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 2021, 162, 107211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Turanov, S.V.; Kartavtsev, Y.P.; Lee, Y.H.; Jeong, D. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and taxonomic investigation of eelpouts (Cottoidei: Zoarcales) based on Co-1 and Cyt-b mitochondrial genes. Mitochondr. DNA Part A 2017, 28, 547–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kimura, M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 1980, 16, 111–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anderson, M.E. Studies on the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Southern Hemisphere I. The Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Antarct. Res. Ser. 1988, 42, 59–113. [Google Scholar]
- Balanov, A.A. Supplement to ichthyofauna of the continental slope of the southeastern Sakhalin (the Sea of Okhotsk). J. Ichthyol. 2003, 43, 127–130. [Google Scholar]
Group | Specimen Number | Species | Catalog ID of Voucher Specimens | GenBank Ascension Number | Capture Area | Voucher Specimen Depository/Source of COI Sequences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New species | 1 | Lycodapus imperatorius sp. nov. | IORAS 03641 | OP759467 | Emperor Seamounts | Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia/NCBI |
28 | Lycodapus imperatorius sp. nov. | MIMB 43527 | ANGBF4848-12 | Emperor Seamounts | Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia/[5,6,7], NCBI | |
Congeners | 2 | Lycodapus antarcticus | SC049627 | FOAG506-08 | Herd and McDonalds Islands | Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia/BOLD Systems |
3 | Lycodapus antarcticus | SC049620 | FOAG507-08 | Herd and McDonalds Islands | Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia/BOLD Systems | |
4 | Lycodapus antarcticus | SC109846 | FOAG558-08 | Southern Ocean, Plateau North | CSIRO, Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, Australia/BOLD Systems | |
6 | Lycodapus endemoscotus | NA | TZFPA064-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
7 | Lycodapus endemoscotus | NA | TZFPA065-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
8 | Lycodapus fierasfer | NA | ANGBF4849-12 | No data | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
9 | Lycodapus fierasfer | UW113553 | FMV276-08 | Oregon, USA | University of Washington, Fish Collection, Seattle, USA/BOLD Systems | |
10 | Lycodapus fierasfer | UW113567 | FMV284-08 | Oregon, USA | University of Washington, Fish Collection, Seattle, USA/BOLD Systems | |
11 | Lycodapus fierasfer | SIO 06-27 | MFC401-08 | Oregon, USA | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, USA/BOLD Systems | |
12 | Lycodapus fierasfer | RBCM-006-028-018 | TZFPB306-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
13 | Lycodapus fierasfer | RBCM-006-028-019 | TZFPB307-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
15 | Lycodapus mandibularis | NA | TZFPA199-07 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
16 | Lycodapus mandibularis | NA | TZFPA201-07 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
18 | Lycodapus pachysoma | 2009-1380 | EATF164-10 | Southern Ocean | Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France/BOLD Systems | |
19 | Lycodapus pachysoma | 2009-0026 | EATF403-10 | Southern Ocean | Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France/BOLD Systems | |
20 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA017-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
21 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA018-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
22 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA019-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
23 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA020-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada /BOLD Systems | |
24 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA021-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
25 | Lycodapus pachysoma | NA | TZFPA066-06 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
26 | Lycodapus pachysoma | RBCM-006-034-021 | TZFPB356-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
27 | Lycodapus pachysoma | RBCM-006-034-022 | TZFPB357-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
29 | Lycodapus sp. | UW 150605 | FMV581-11 | Northeastern Pacific, USA | University of Washington, Fish Collection, Seattle, USA/BOLD Systems | |
30 | Lycodapus sp. | NA | GBMND68044-21 | Southern Ocean | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
31 | Lycodapus sp. | NA | GBMND68045-21 | Southern Ocean | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
32 | Lycodapus sp. | USNM 422332 | MOP075-12 | Pacific Ocean, Panama | Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA/BOLD Systems | |
33 | Lycodapus sp. | USNM 421188 | MOP643-12 | Pacific Ocean, Costa Rica | Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA/BOLD Systems | |
Sister group | 34 | Bothrocara brunneum | KU 28306 | UKFBI299-08 | California, USA | University of Kansas, Biodiversity Research Center, Lawrence, USA/BOLD Systems |
35 | Bothrocara brunneum | RBCM-006-030-006 | TZFPB324-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
36 | Bothrocara brunneum | SIO 05-87 | MFC324-08 | California, USA | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, USA/BOLD Systems | |
37 | Bothrocara brunneum | UW 119872 | FMV471-11 | Washington, USA | University of Washington, Fish Collection, Seattle, USA/BOLD Systems | |
38 | Bothrocara hollandi | NA | GBGC6548-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
39 | Bothrocara hollandi | KC748099 | GBGCA4726-13 | Sea of Japan | Department of Marine Biology in Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
40 | Bothrocara hollandi | NA | ANGBF56896-19 | South Korea | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
41 | Bothrocara hollandi | NA | ANGBF56898-19 | South Korea | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
42 | Bothrocara hollandi | NA | ANGBF56909-19 | South Korea | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
43 | Bothrocara molle | SIO 05-165 | MFC333-08 | California, USA | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, USA/BOLD Systems | |
44 | Bothrocara molle | USNM 422430 | MOP063-12 | Pacific Ocean, Panama | Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA/BOLD Systems | |
45 | Bothrocara molle | RBCM-006-034-003 | TZFPB338-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
46 | Bothrocara molle | RBCM-006-034-002 | TZFPB337-05 | British Columbia | Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada/BOLD Systems | |
47 | Bothrocara molle | USNM 423188 | MOP198-12 | Pacific Ocean, Costa Rica | Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA/BOLD Systems | |
48 | Bothrocara zestum | MIMB 22383 | FERU090-13 | Western Bering Sea | Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia/ BOLD Systems | |
49 | Bothrocara zestum | MIMB 22384 | FERU094-13 | Western Bering Sea | Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia/ BOLD Systems | |
50 | Bothrocara zestum | MIMB 22386 | FERU092-13 | Western Bering Sea | Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia/BOLD Systems | |
51 | Bothrocara zestum | MIMB 22384 | GBGCA3018-13 | Western Bering Sea | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
52 | Bothrocarina microcephala | NA | GBGC6192-08 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
53 | Bothrocarina microcephala | NA | GBGC6193-08 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
54 | Bothrocarina nigrocaudata | NA | GBGC6194-08 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
55 | Bothrocarina nigrocaudata | NA | GBGC6195-08 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
56 | Bothrocarina nigrocaudata | NA | GBGC6196-08 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
57 | Bothrocarina nigrocaudata | NA | GBGC6560-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
58 | Lycogrammoides schmidti | NA | GBGC6555-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
59 | Lycogrammoides schmidti | NA | GBGC6556-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
60 | Lycogrammoides schmidti | NA | GBGC6557-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
61 | Lycogrammoides schmidti | NA | GBGC6558-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
62 | Lycogrammoides schmidti | NA | GBGC6559-09 | Northern Sea of Okhotsk | NA/Mined from GenBank, NCBI | |
Outgroup | 63 | Bathymaster signatus | MIMB 22194 | FERU014-11 | Western Bering Sea | Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia/BOLD Systems |
Character | Holotype | Paratype |
---|---|---|
TL, mm | 144 | 132 |
SL, mm | 140 | 128 |
In % of SL | ||
Head length | 18.9 | 18.6 |
Body depth | 10.0 | 9.4 |
Body width | 5.7 | 3.9 |
Predorsal distance | 21.4 | 20.9 |
Preanal distance | 36.4 | 35.9 |
Longest dorsal-fin ray | 5.7 | 5.9 |
Longest anal-fin ray | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Pectoral-fin length | 5.7 | 6.6 |
Caudal-fin length | 2.9 | 2.9 |
Snout length | 6.1 | 6.6 |
Eye diameter | 3.1 | 3.6 |
Interorbital width | 3.6 | 3.9 |
Upper-jaw length | 8.6 | 9.0 |
Eye to pectoral-fin base | 9.3 | 9.9 |
Jaw to gill isthmus | 9.3 | 10.0 |
Gill slit length | 10.4 | 11.1 |
Upper end of gill slit to upper end of pectoral base | 0 | 0.9 |
Upper pectoral base to dorsal midline | 7.1 | 5.9 |
Length of fourth lower gill raker | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Distance between 4th and 5th lower gill rakers | 0.9 | 0.9 |
In % of head length | ||
Snout length | 32.1 | 35.2 |
Eye diameter | 16.2 | 19.3 |
Interorbital width | 18.9 | 20.9 |
Upper-jaw length | 45.3 | 48.1 |
Eye to pectoral-fin base | 49.1 | 53.1 |
Jaw to gill isthmus | 49.1 | 53.6 |
Gill slit length | 54.7 | 59.4 |
Upper end of gill slit to upper end of pectoral base | 0 | 5.0 |
Upper pectoral base to dorsal midline | 37.7 | 31.4 |
Length of fourth lower gill raker | 2.8 | 3.4 |
Distance between 4th and 5th lower gill rakers | 4.9 | 5.0 |
Pectoral-fin length | 30.2 | 35.6 |
Caudal-fin length | 15.1 | 15.5 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Prokofiev, A.M.; Balanov, A.A.; Emelianova, O.R.; Orlov, A.M.; Orlova, S.Y. A New Species of Lycodapus from the Emperor Seamount Chain, Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Zoarcidae). Diversity 2022, 14, 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110972
Prokofiev AM, Balanov AA, Emelianova OR, Orlov AM, Orlova SY. A New Species of Lycodapus from the Emperor Seamount Chain, Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Zoarcidae). Diversity. 2022; 14(11):972. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110972
Chicago/Turabian StyleProkofiev, Artem M., Andrei A. Balanov, Olga R. Emelianova, Alexei M. Orlov, and Svetlana Yu. Orlova. 2022. "A New Species of Lycodapus from the Emperor Seamount Chain, Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Zoarcidae)" Diversity 14, no. 11: 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110972
APA StyleProkofiev, A. M., Balanov, A. A., Emelianova, O. R., Orlov, A. M., & Orlova, S. Y. (2022). A New Species of Lycodapus from the Emperor Seamount Chain, Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Zoarcidae). Diversity, 14(11), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110972