The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation in the Relation between Cyber-Victimization, Tobacco and Alcohol Use, and Age Differences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Cyber-Victimization and Tobacco and Alcohol Use
1.2. The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation
1.3. Age Difference
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurement
2.2.1. Cyber-Victimization
2.2.2. Deviant Peer Affiliation
2.2.3. Tobacco and Alcohol Use
2.3. Ethics Approval
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis
3.2. Testing of Moderating Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation
4. Discussion
Limitationsand Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elementary | Middle | High | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
1. CV | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
2. DPA | 0.16 *** | 1 | 0.19 ** | 1 | 0.24 *** | 1 | |||
3. TAU | 0.15 *** | 0.18 *** | 1 | 0.19 ** | 0.35 *** | 1 | 0.13 ** | 0.41 *** | 1 |
M | 0.57 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 0.63 | 1.47 | 1.13 | 0.44 | 1.43 | 1.25 |
SD | 1.32 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 1.17 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 1.07 | 0.54 | 0.59 |
Regression Equation | Fitting Index | Significance of Coefficients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Predictors | R2 | F | β | SE | LLCI | ULCI | |
Elementary | TAU | 0.20 | 42.43 *** | |||||
Gender | −0.13 | 0.07 | −0.26 | 0.01 | ||||
CV | 0.11 ** | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.18 | ||||
DPA | 0.11 * | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.20 | ||||
CV × DPA | 0.11 *** | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.14 | ||||
Middle | TAU | 0.03 | 2.82 * | |||||
Gender | −0.08 | 0.11 | −0.30 | 0.14 | ||||
CV | 0.03 | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.14 | ||||
DPA | 0.18 ** | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.29 | ||||
CV × DPA | −0.01 | 0.05 | −0.10 | 0.08 | ||||
High | TAU | 0.20 | 28.21 *** | |||||
Gender | −0.34 *** | 0.09 | −0.52 | −0.16 | ||||
CV | 0.06 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.15 | ||||
DPA | 0.36 *** | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.45 | ||||
CV × DPA | −0.10 ** | 0.03 | −0.15 | −0.04 |
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Sun, X.; Yao, L.; Niu, G.; Lin, S. The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation in the Relation between Cyber-Victimization, Tobacco and Alcohol Use, and Age Differences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168294
Sun X, Yao L, Niu G, Lin S. The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation in the Relation between Cyber-Victimization, Tobacco and Alcohol Use, and Age Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168294
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Xiaojun, Liangshuang Yao, Gengfeng Niu, and Shanyan Lin. 2021. "The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation in the Relation between Cyber-Victimization, Tobacco and Alcohol Use, and Age Differences" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168294
APA StyleSun, X., Yao, L., Niu, G., & Lin, S. (2021). The Moderating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation in the Relation between Cyber-Victimization, Tobacco and Alcohol Use, and Age Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168294