The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Self-Evaluation
3.2. Evaluation of Theoretical e-Learning Classes
3.3. Evaluation of Practical Clinical Classes
3.4. Evaluation of Safety during COVID-19 Pandemic
3.5. Evaluation of Performed Blended Learning
3.6. Comparison of the Spectrum of Selected Procedures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 39 | No Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 35 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M (Q1–Q3) | M (Q1–Q3) | |||
Theoretical knowledge | 3rd year | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.702 |
4th year | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 0.879 | |
p-value | 0.001 ^ | 0.001 ^ | ||
Practical skills | 3rd year | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | <0.001 * |
4th year | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.083 | |
p-value | <0.001 ^ | <0.001 ^ | ||
Interpersonal skills | 3rd year | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.008 * |
4th year | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.952 | |
p-value | 0.048 ^ | <0.001 ^ |
Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 39 | No Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 35 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
M (Q1–Q3) | M (Q1–Q3) | ||
Quality of recorded presentations | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 0.378 |
Preparation for self-tests | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.561 |
Commitment to learning | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.763 |
Time spent learning | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 0.751 |
Commitment of the teachers | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 0.787 |
Spectrum of discussed issues | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.469 |
Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 39 | No Clinicals before the Pandemic N = 35 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
M (Q1–Q3) | M (Q1–Q3) | ||
Quality of conducted clinicals | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.051 |
Preparation for clinicals | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 0.354 |
Commitment to clinical work | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.040 * |
Time spent preparing for clinicals | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.264 |
Commitment of the teachers | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 0.073 |
Spectrum of performed procedures | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.034 * |
Before Pandemic | During Pandemic | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Procedure | Oct-19 | Nov-19 | Dec-19/Jan-20 | Oct-20 | Nov-20 | Dec-20/Jan-21 | p-Value |
Dental examination | 10.33 | 10.25 | 8.47 | 12.75 | 9.88 | 11.25 | 0.383 |
Periapical X-ray | 3.73 | 5.50 | 4.40 | 3.50 | 6.25 | 2.75 | 0.663 |
Conservative dentistry | |||||||
Temporary filling | 2.67 | 4.25 | 4.07 | 1.63 | 1.38 | 1.75 | 0.081 |
Single-surface filling | 12.53 | 11.08 | 9.67 | 11.50 | 14.00 | 9.88 | 0.663 |
Two-surface filling | 7.33 | 6.83 | 8.87 | 8.25 | 9.38 | 8.50 | 0.383 |
Multi-surface filling | 0.73 | 0.75 | 1.07 | 1.50 | 2.38 | 1.38 | 0.081 |
Total filled teeth | 20.60 | 18.67 | 19.60 | 21.25 | 25.75 | 19.75 | 0.190 |
Endodontics | |||||||
Intervention procedure | 0.47 | 0.58 | 0.80 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.50 | 0.184 |
Intracanal dressing | 0.27 | 0.92 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.369 |
Single-rooted filling | 0.27 | 2.17 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 1.38 | 0.38 | 0.663 |
Two-rooted filling | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.376 |
Multi-rooted filling | 0.33 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.190 |
Total root canal filling | 1.53 | 4.41 | 3.47 | 0.25 | 3.25 | 0.75 | 0.190 |
Scaling (quadrant) | 24.40 | 12.50 | 12.33 | 21.25 | 14.13 | 20.00 | 0.663 |
Gingival pocket rinsing | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 0.383 |
Tooth extraction | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.25 | 0.376 |
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Nijakowski, K.; Lehmann, A.; Zdrojewski, J.; Nowak, M.; Surdacka, A. The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094555
Nijakowski K, Lehmann A, Zdrojewski J, Nowak M, Surdacka A. The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):4555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094555
Chicago/Turabian StyleNijakowski, Kacper, Anna Lehmann, Jakub Zdrojewski, Monika Nowak, and Anna Surdacka. 2021. "The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094555
APA StyleNijakowski, K., Lehmann, A., Zdrojewski, J., Nowak, M., & Surdacka, A. (2021). The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning in Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics on the Basis of the Survey among 4th-Year Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094555