Effect of Thinning on Forest Scenic Beauty in a Black Pine Forest in Central Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
- -
- Pian dei Lavacchi, a rest area that leads in a few minutes’ walk to the nearby Monte Lori, the southernmost peak of the area, from which originates the most frequented path of the entire mountain. This path leads up to the Croce del Pratomagno, the symbol of this area. Pian dei Lavacchi is the area where were conducted the interviews with forest visitors.
- -
- Abetina, an area located further south than Pian dei Lavacchi, where some demonstration areas of the project LIFE SelPiBio are situated. Abetina was chosen as the place for taking the photographs of the forest shown during the administration of the questionnaire.
2.2. Thinning in Black Pine Plantations
2.3. Questionnaire Survey
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
3.2. Preferences for Forest Characteristics
3.3. Perception of the Effect of Silvicultural Treatments on the Scenic Beauty
3.4. Impact of Thinning on Visitors’ Experiences in Forest
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio Demographic Characteristics | Species Composition | Stand Structure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coniferous Forests | Broadleaved Forests | Mixed Forests | Regular Structure | Irregular Structure | |
Gender | |||||
Males | 17.9 | 16.3 | 65.9 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
Females | 12.0 | 17.3 | 70.7 | 19.74 | 80.26 |
χ2 test | p = 0.546 | p = 0.488 | |||
Age | |||||
Less than 25 | 26.2 | 19.0 | 54.8 | 23.81 | 76.19 |
25–34 | 15.2 | 12.1 | 72.7 | 21.21 | 78.79 |
35–44 | 12.1 | 9.1 | 78.8 | 17.65 | 82.35 |
45–54 | 15.2 | 23.9 | 60.9 | 26.67 | 73.33 |
55–64 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 85.0 | 20.00 | 80.00 |
More than 65 | 11.5 | 19.2 | 69.2 | 23.08 | 76.92 |
χ2 test | p = 0.307 | p = 0.961 | |||
Education level | |||||
Elementary school | 18.18 | 18.18 | 63.64 | 36.36 | 63.64 |
Medium school | 11.11 | 25.93 | 62.96 | 22.22 | 77.78 |
High school | 16.85 | 12.36 | 70.79 | 23.60 | 76.40 |
Bachelor’s degree | 19.05 | 19.05 | 61.90 | 19.05 | 80.95 |
Master’s degree | 13.46 | 17.31 | 69.23 | 21.15 | 78.85 |
χ2 test | p = 0.886 | p = 0.857 | |||
Employment | |||||
Public sector employees | 14.3 | 14.3 | 71.4 | 19.05 | 80.95 |
Private sector employees | 10.8 | 20.5 | 68.7 | 24.10 | 75.90 |
Housewives | 11.1 | 0.0 | 88.9 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
Students | 28.9 | 10.5 | 60.5 | 26.32 | 73.68 |
Pensioners | 10.7 | 17.9 | 71.4 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
Unemployed | 19.0 | 19.0 | 61.9 | 9.52 | 90.48 |
χ2 test | p = 0.383 | p = 0.691 | |||
Total | 15.6 | 16.6 | 67.8 | 22.7 | 77.3 |
Socio Demographic Characteristics | Unthinned Forest | Selective Thinning | Thinning from Below |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Males | 0.2664 | 0.3996 | 0.3340 |
Females | 0.2569 | 0.4044 | 0.3387 |
Age | |||
Less than 25 | 0.2759 | 0.4067 | 0.3173 |
25–34 | 0.2640 | 0.3961 | 0.3399 |
35–44 | 0.3242 | 0.3553 | 0.3204 |
45–54 | 0.2265 | 0.3968 | 0.3767 |
55–64 | 0.2165 | 0.4456 | 0.3379 |
More than 65 | 0.2708 | 0.4261 | 0.3031 |
Education level | |||
Elementary school | 0.3338 | 0.4005 | 0.2657 |
Medium school | 0.2078 | 0.4305 | 0.3616 |
High school | 0.2674 | 0.4195 | 0.3131 |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.2085 | 0.4515 | 0.3400 |
Master’s degree | 0.2935 | 0.3345 | 0.3720 |
Employment | |||
Public sector employees | 0.2010 | 0.3738 | 0.4252 |
Private sector employees | 0.2999 | 0.3874 | 0.3127 |
Housewives | 0.2441 | 0.4911 | 0.2648 |
Students | 0.2340 | 0.4111 | 0.3549 |
Pensioners | 0.2555 | 0.4401 | 0.3044 |
Unemployed | 0.2551 | 0.3649 | 0.3800 |
Total respondents | 0.2628 | 0.4014 | 0.3358 |
Experiences | Unthinned Forest | Selective Thinning | Thinning from Below | Kruskal-Wallis Test (α = 0.01) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Touristic-recreational experience | 2.06 | 3.68 | 2.60 | p < 0.0001 |
Contemplative/aesthetic experience | 3.71 | 3.51 | 3.92 | p = 0.001 |
Sports/physical experience | 2.73 | 4.20 | 3.15 | p < 0.0001 |
Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.01) | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
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De Meo, I.; Cantiani, P.; Paletto, A. Effect of Thinning on Forest Scenic Beauty in a Black Pine Forest in Central Italy. Forests 2020, 11, 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121295
De Meo I, Cantiani P, Paletto A. Effect of Thinning on Forest Scenic Beauty in a Black Pine Forest in Central Italy. Forests. 2020; 11(12):1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121295
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Meo, Isabella, Paolo Cantiani, and Alessandro Paletto. 2020. "Effect of Thinning on Forest Scenic Beauty in a Black Pine Forest in Central Italy" Forests 11, no. 12: 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121295
APA StyleDe Meo, I., Cantiani, P., & Paletto, A. (2020). Effect of Thinning on Forest Scenic Beauty in a Black Pine Forest in Central Italy. Forests, 11(12), 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121295