The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Bee Sample Collection and SBV Inoculum Preparation
2.3. RNA Extraction
2.4. RT-PCR and RACE
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Laboratory Induced Sbv Pathogenic Infection
2.7. Cold Stress on Survivorship of SBV-Infected Larvae
3. Results
3.1. Complete Genome Sequences of U.S. Strains of SBV
3.2. Genetic Relationship of SBV Strains Worldwide
3.3. Effect of Cold Stress on Mortality Of SBV-Infected Larvae
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Primer Sequences (5′ to 3′) |
---|---|
F01 | TACGAATCGTGATTCGATTCATT |
F908 | ACGCTAAGTGTGCGCCTAAT |
F1149 | GATATCATCGCGCCTTTGTT |
F1211 | GGAAGTTTGCTAGTATTTACGTG |
F2329 | TGGAGGTAAGGGACAACCTG |
F2408 | TGGACACTGGTGCTAAAGAAGATG |
F3083 | GAAGCTGGGGATGATTTTGA |
F3366 | CGCTATAGGTGGCATGCAGA |
F3619 | GGCATGGATTGATCGAAGTT |
F4526 | CCGGAAATGGCTCATTTAGA |
F4648 | TACCGTAGGAGAGATGTGTTATTGT |
F5394 | TCGAGAAGTGGTTCAGTGCC |
F5436 | AAGTAGTCCAGTGCCCGATG |
F5762 | TCGGATGGTGAAGATGATGA |
F6040 | CCAGCGGTACAAAGAGGAAA |
F6155 | CACTGGATGAGAGCGAATGA |
F6890 | CGGTATTTTATGCGAATGATGT |
F7627 | CCCAGCGTTCTGGAGGAAAT |
F8256 | AACGAGGGCAAACTTGGGAA |
F8471 | CATGGGTTTCATCCCCACGA |
F8598 | GTCGAGCCGCTCTGTATCAA |
F8613 | ATCAAGCGCATGGTCATGGA |
R501 | ACTGCGCGTCTAACATTCCA |
R683 | AACTCTGCTGTGTAGCGTCC |
R793 | TTGTTGCGTTGGTTCGGAAG |
R930 | GTGTTGGGTGCACACTTAGC |
R1250 | AACGGTGACAGCATTTGCAC |
R2450 | CCACAAGCTCCTTGTTGTGA |
R2492 | GAATCCAAAGACTGAAAACCC |
R3435 | CCCGTAACGGTATTCTGCAT |
R3647 | CTGCAGTCCAACTTCGATCA |
R3700 | GCTGCCCAAAAGTTGTAGCC |
R3936 | ACCCCCACCAAATAAGAAGG |
R4515 | TGCATTAAAGCTTGGGGTTC |
R4807 | CAGGTTTAGATGTACACGAGGATG |
R4884 | AACTTCGCAACCAACCAATC |
R5453 | TCGGGCACTGGACTACTTCT |
R5871 | ATTTCCCTCTCTCGCATCAA |
R6256 | CCACTGCCGTCACTAAACCT |
R6300 | TCATTCGCTCTCATCCAGTG |
R6609 | ATACTCCCCACTGCCATCAC |
R6981 | TCCTTAATGGCACGCACATA |
R6995 | TGCATTCCCACAATAGGTCTTT |
R8500 | TAGAATTCCAAGCCAGCGCA |
R8863 | TAAAATGCCATATATTGATATTAATCCA |
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Li, J.; Wang, T.; Evans, J.D.; Rose, R.; Zhao, Y.; Li, Z.; Li, J.; Huang, S.; Heerman, M.; Rodríguez-García, C.; et al. The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. Viruses 2019, 11, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010061
Li J, Wang T, Evans JD, Rose R, Zhao Y, Li Z, Li J, Huang S, Heerman M, Rodríguez-García C, et al. The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. Viruses. 2019; 11(1):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010061
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jianghong, Tingyun Wang, Jay D. Evans, Robyn Rose, Yazhou Zhao, Zhiguo Li, Jilian Li, Shaokang Huang, Matthew Heerman, Cristina Rodríguez-García, and et al. 2019. "The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera" Viruses 11, no. 1: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010061
APA StyleLi, J., Wang, T., Evans, J. D., Rose, R., Zhao, Y., Li, Z., Li, J., Huang, S., Heerman, M., Rodríguez-García, C., Banmeke, O., Brister, J. R., Hatcher, E. L., Cao, L., Hamilton, M., & Chen, Y. (2019). The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. Viruses, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010061