Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cattle Farms and Diagnostic Samples
2.1.1. Herd 1
2.1.2. Herd 2
2.2. Virus Detection by Antigen ELISA, Real-Time RT-PCR, and Virus Isolation
2.2.1. Virus Isolation
2.2.2. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.3. Sequencing and Sequence Analysis
2.4. Antibody Detection by ELISA and Virus Neutralization Test (VNT)
3. Results
3.1. Clinical and Pathological Findings and Virus Detection
3.2. Virus Characterization
3.3. Serological Investigations of the Affected Farms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Antigen ELISA (S-N Value) | Commercial BVDV RT-qPCR (Cq Value) | Panpesti RT-qPCR (Cq Value) | Antibody ELISA (S/N Value in %) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Calf case #1—ear notch | 2.5 (positive) | n.t. | 27.7 (positive) | n.t. |
Calf case #1—blood | 1.5 (positive) | 38.5 (positive) | 32.5 (positive) | 6.2 (positive) |
Calf case #2—ear notch | 3.6 (positive) | n.t. | 17.7 (positive) | n.t. |
Calf case #2—blood | 1.6 (positive) | no Cq (negative) | n.t. | 58.4 (negative) |
Sample | Antibody ELISA (S/N Value in %) | VNT Titer against | Quotient of BVDV NADL and | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BVDV NADL | BDV 137/4 | Pestivirus Strain Case#1 (VI 958 2023BVD03439) | BDV 137/4 | Pestivirus Strain Case#1 (VI 958 2023BVD03439) | ||
Case 1 | ||||||
Mother of calf 1 | 4.9 | 480 | 960 | 5120 | 2 | 11 |
Calf 1 | 6.2 | 40 | 240 | n.t. | 6 | n.d. |
Sheep (farm 1) | 7.9 | 20 | 80 | 960 | 4 | 48 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 5.7 | 240 | 960 | 5120 | 4 | 21 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 12.4 | 30 | 480 | 2560 | 16 | 85 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 4.9 | 60 | 160 | 3840 | 3 | 64 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 7.4 | 20 | 80 | 920 | 4 | 46 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 5.0 | 120 | 640 | 5120 | 5 | 43 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 5.7 | 320 | 960 | 5120 | 3 | 16 |
Sheep (farm 1) | 11.9 | 10 | 230 | 1280 | 23 | 128 |
Case 2 | ||||||
Mother of calf 2 | 7.2 | 240 | 1280 | 5120 | 5 | 21 |
Cow (farm 2) | 24.5 | negative | negative | 40 | n.d. | 40 |
Cow (farm 2) | 35.1 | negative | negative | 5 | n.d. | 5 |
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Köster, J.; Schneider, K.; Höper, D.; Salditt, A.; Beer, M.; Miller, T.; Wernike, K. Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses 2024, 16, 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301
Köster J, Schneider K, Höper D, Salditt A, Beer M, Miller T, Wernike K. Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses. 2024; 16(8):1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301
Chicago/Turabian StyleKöster, Judith, Karla Schneider, Dirk Höper, Andreas Salditt, Martin Beer, Thomas Miller, and Kerstin Wernike. 2024. "Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics" Viruses 16, no. 8: 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301
APA StyleKöster, J., Schneider, K., Höper, D., Salditt, A., Beer, M., Miller, T., & Wernike, K. (2024). Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses, 16(8), 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301