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Viruses
Volume 17
Issue 2
10.3390/v17020213
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Brief Report

Molecular Characterization of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Involved in Poultry Outbreaks Reveals the Virus Origin and Estimated Spreading Route

by
Jorge Luis Chacón
1,
Ruy D. Chacón
2,
Henrique Lage Hagemann
2,
Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira
2,
Cesar Nunes
1,
Luiz Sesti
1,
Branko Alva
1 and
Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
2,*
1
CEVA Animal Health, Rua Manoel Joaquim Filho, 303, São Paulo 13148-115, Brazil
2
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2025, 17(2), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020213 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 8 December 2024 / Revised: 27 January 2025 / Accepted: 30 January 2025 / Published: 31 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Avian Respiratory Viruses, 4th Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis outbreaks have been observed in a short period of time in broiler, layer, and broiler breeder flocks, resulting in clinical signs and high mortality. The affected farms are located in the same geographical area, which is a high-density poultry region of Brazil. To estimate the potential origin of the virus or viruses that caused the outbreaks, the ILTVs detected at six companies were molecularly characterized by sequencing two fragments of the ICP4 gene and then compared with previous field and vaccine viruses detected in the country. The sequencing results revealed that all farms investigated were infected with a nonvaccine-origin virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all farms were infected by the same virus classified as genotype VI. In addition, the ILTV detected in the present study was compared with that of viruses previously detected in egg-layer poultry regions in the country. The viruses detected in the recent outbreaks were indistinguishable, with one of them (VI-4) suggesting a possible route of transmission. This study describes for the first time severe ILT outbreaks in meat-type poultry in Brazil that spread quickly, and the phylogenetic analysis suggests the potential origin of the virus and route of transmission.
Keywords: chicken; infectious laryngotracheitis virus; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1; molecular characterization; infected cell protein 4 chicken; infectious laryngotracheitis virus; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1; molecular characterization; infected cell protein 4

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chacón, J.L.; Chacón, R.D.; Hagemann, H.L.; Astolfi-Ferreira, C.S.; Nunes, C.; Sesti, L.; Alva, B.; Ferreira, A.J.P. Molecular Characterization of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Involved in Poultry Outbreaks Reveals the Virus Origin and Estimated Spreading Route. Viruses 2025, 17, 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020213

AMA Style

Chacón JL, Chacón RD, Hagemann HL, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Nunes C, Sesti L, Alva B, Ferreira AJP. Molecular Characterization of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Involved in Poultry Outbreaks Reveals the Virus Origin and Estimated Spreading Route. Viruses. 2025; 17(2):213. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020213

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chacón, Jorge Luis, Ruy D. Chacón, Henrique Lage Hagemann, Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira, Cesar Nunes, Luiz Sesti, Branko Alva, and Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira. 2025. "Molecular Characterization of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Involved in Poultry Outbreaks Reveals the Virus Origin and Estimated Spreading Route" Viruses 17, no. 2: 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020213

APA Style

Chacón, J. L., Chacón, R. D., Hagemann, H. L., Astolfi-Ferreira, C. S., Nunes, C., Sesti, L., Alva, B., & Ferreira, A. J. P. (2025). Molecular Characterization of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Involved in Poultry Outbreaks Reveals the Virus Origin and Estimated Spreading Route. Viruses, 17(2), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020213

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