Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Mutual Benefit of Users and Power Grid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- An optimal electric vehicle charging station location and capacity model is proposed, which considers the mutual benefit of users and the power grid.
- (2)
- Based on the Voronoi diagram and improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), a solution model is developed to determine location, capacity, and service area of each charging station. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the forecasting model of EV’s fast charging demand. Section 3 presents the location and capacity model of EV charging stations. Section 4 gives the solution method. Section 5 conducts case studies to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Section 6 summarizes the paper.
2. Forecasting of EV’s Fast Charging Demand
3. Location and Capacity Model
3.1. Location Model
3.2. Capacity Model
4. Solution of Model
- Step 1: Forecast the number of EVs at each fast charging demand point according to (1).
- Step 2: Randomly generate charging stations’ locations in the planning area, and use the locations of charging stations as the positions of particles.
- Step 3: Taking the position of particle as the growing point, then use Voronoi diagram to divide the service area of each charging station. Use (10) to determine the capacity of charging station.
- Step 4: Calculate the annual construction and operation cost of charging station, the annual loss cost of users on the way to the charging station, and the annual network loss cost of power grid respectively according to (3), (4), (5), and (6). Then use (2) to calculate the annual social cost of charging station and take it as the value of particle. Finally, find the individual optimal value and the global optimal value and use the penalty function to deal with the particles that do not meet the constraints.
- Step 5: Determine whether reach the maximum number of iterations. If not, go to step 6, otherwise go to step 7.
- Step 6: Update the speed and position of particles, go to step 3 and the number of iterations plus one.
- Step 7: Output each charging station’s optimal location and its service area, the planning costs, and the number of chargers in each charging station.
5. Case Study and Discussion
5.1. Case Description
5.2. Simulation Analysis and Discussion
5.3. Comparison of Different Method
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Charging Station No. | Number of Chargers | Number of EVs in Its Service Area | Annual Construction and Operation Cost (×104 ¥) | Annual Loss Cost of Users (×104 ¥) | Annual Network Loss Cost (×104 ¥) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 19 | 97 | 97.98 | 0.45 | 1.74 |
2 | 14 | 70 | 66.07 | 0.41 | 1.31 |
3 | 16 | 79 | 77.77 | 0.58 | 1.46 |
4 | 14 | 71 | 66.07 | 0.38 | 1.31 |
5 | 11 | 57 | 51.13 | 0.32 | 1.04 |
6 | 15 | 77 | 71.74 | 0.46 | 1.39 |
Algorithm | Number of Chargers in Each Charging Station | Annual Social Cost (×104 ¥) | Annual Construction and Operation Cost (×104 ¥) | Annual Loss Cost of Users (×104 ¥) | Annual Network Loss Cost (×104 ¥) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSO | 19,14,14, 12,17,14 | 446.93 | 436.08 | 2.48 | 8.38 |
IPSO | 19,14,16, 14,11,15 | 441.59 | 430.75 | 2.59 | 8.25 |
Methods | Method 1 [3] | Method 2 [20] | Proposed Method |
---|---|---|---|
Objectives | Construction cost + power loss cost of vehicle + time loss cost of driver | Construction cost + operating profit | Construction and operation cost + loss cost of users + network loss cost |
Algorithm /Platform | Universal simulation platform | Genetic algorithm /MATLAB | IPSO + Voronoi diagram/MATLAB |
Results | Optimal location and size of charging station | Optimal location and size of charging station | Optimal location, capacity, and service area of charging station |
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Hou, H.; Tang, J.; Zhao, B.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Xie, C. Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Mutual Benefit of Users and Power Grid. World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12, 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040244
Hou H, Tang J, Zhao B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xie C. Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Mutual Benefit of Users and Power Grid. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12(4):244. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040244
Chicago/Turabian StyleHou, Hui, Junyi Tang, Bo Zhao, Leiqi Zhang, Yifan Wang, and Changjun Xie. 2021. "Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Mutual Benefit of Users and Power Grid" World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4: 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040244
APA StyleHou, H., Tang, J., Zhao, B., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Xie, C. (2021). Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Mutual Benefit of Users and Power Grid. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 12(4), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040244