Nursing Reports

14 pages, 1109 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Missing Fundamental Nursing Care: What’s the Extent of Missed Oral Care? A Cross-Sectional Study

by Chiara Gallione, Erika Bassi, Ines Basso, Chiara Airoldi, Michela Barisone, Antonella Molon, Gerardo Di Nardo, Cristina Torgano and Alberto Dal Molin

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4193-4206; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040305 - 23 Dec 2024

Viewed by 518

Abstract

Background: The Fundamentals of Care framework emphasizes a patient-centered approach that prioritizes the nurse–patient relationship and care environment to meet patients’ basic needs, including oral hygiene. Recognized as crucial for preventing systemic health problems, oral care neglect is a global concern. Studies identify [...] Read more.

Background: The Fundamentals of Care framework emphasizes a patient-centered approach that prioritizes the nurse–patient relationship and care environment to meet patients’ basic needs, including oral hygiene. Recognized as crucial for preventing systemic health problems, oral care neglect is a global concern. Studies identify missed oral care as a widespread issue, contributing to significant patient safety risks. This study aimed at measuring missed nursing care occurrence in a Northern Italian university hospital, exploring the association between missed oral care with nursing staff characteristics and oral care policies. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted according to the STROBE guidelines. Data collection was performed in May 2022 using the MISSCARE survey, a self-administered questionnaire sent by email to 473 nurses from all inpatient units. The degree of implementation of oral care policies was obtained by accessing the Facility Score Sheet data at the department level. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Fisher tests were conducted using SAS 9.4 and R software. Results: Providing oral care was the third-most missed nursing care after rotating patients every two hours and walking them three times daily. The reasons for missed care included resource shortage and high patient turnover. The Facility Score Sheet data showed a low adoption of oral care policies. No significant associations were found between missed oral care and both nurses’ characteristics and oral care policy at the department level. Conclusions: The study confirms highly missed oral care in acute care settings, emphasizing the urgent need for systemic changes via an evidence-based oral care policy and practice implementation. This study was prospectively registered under protocol 293 CE 050/2022 (8 Aril 2022). Full article

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20 pages, 605 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Conflict Management in Nursing: Analyzing Styles, Strategies, and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review

by Monica Nikitara, Mutu Roxane Dimalibot, Evangelos Latzourakis and Costas S. Constantinou

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4173-4192; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040304 - 23 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify the most prevalent conflict management styles and strategies employed by nurses in clinical settings and to examine the factors associated with their selection. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched [...] Read more.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify the most prevalent conflict management styles and strategies employed by nurses in clinical settings and to examine the factors associated with their selection. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL, Medline, and ProQuest, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were primary data studies involving nurses, published in English. The search strategy utilized Boolean operators to combine keywords related to nursing, conflict management, and healthcare settings. A total of 174 articles were initially identified, with 22 meeting the inclusion criteria after screening. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument Critical Appraisal Checklist. The results were synthesized using content analysis. Results: The main findings from the 22 articles reviewed indicate that accommodation and collaboration/integration are the most common conflict management styles and strategies among nurses, with compromising also frequently employed. Factors such as age, experience, educational level, and workplace culture significantly influence the choice of conflict management strategies. Discussion: Nurses employ a variety of conflict management strategies depending on the context, individual preferences, and situational factors. Effective conflict resolution is closely linked to collaboration and communication, with proactive strategies being more effective in preventing conflicts. The findings underscore the need for tailored conflict management training to enhance job satisfaction and work relations in nursing environments. We acknowledge several limitations that may affect the interpretation and generalizability of our findings such as the diversity of the tools and the methodologies used by the included studies. Full article

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11 pages, 884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility of Mental Health Triage Call Priority Prediction Using Machine Learning

by Rajib Rana, Niall Higgins, Kazi Nazmul Haque, Kylie Burke, Kathryn Turner and Terry Stedman

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4162-4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040303 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 640

Abstract

Background: Optimum efficiency and responsiveness to callers of mental health helplines can only be achieved if call priority is accurately identified. Currently, call operators making a triage assessment rely heavily on their clinical judgment and experience. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality [...] Read more.

Background: Optimum efficiency and responsiveness to callers of mental health helplines can only be achieved if call priority is accurately identified. Currently, call operators making a triage assessment rely heavily on their clinical judgment and experience. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with mental illness, there is an urgent need to identify callers to helplines who have a high level of distress and need to be seen by a clinician who can offer interventions for treatment. This study delves into the potential of using machine learning (ML) to estimate call priority from the properties of the callers’ voices rather than evaluating the spoken words. Method: Phone callers’ speech is first isolated using existing APIs, then features or representations are extracted from the raw speech. These are then fed into a series of deep learning neural networks to classify priority level from the audio representation. Results: Development of a deep learning neural network architecture that instantly determines positive and negative levels in the input speech segments. A total of 459 call records from a mental health helpline were investigated. The final ML model achieved a balanced accuracy of 92% correct identification of both positive and negative instances of call priority. Conclusions: The priority level provides an estimate of voice quality in terms of positive or negative demeanor that can be simultaneously displayed using a web interface on a computer or smartphone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Nursing Care through Innovative Technologies)

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17 pages, 627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Family Experiences: A Study on Mental Health Literacy in Adolescent Eating Disorder Diagnoses

by Eva García Carpintero-Blas, Esperanza Vélez-Vélez, Esther Martínez-Miguel, Alberto Tovar-Reinoso, Pablo Del Pozo-Herce, Carlos González-Navajas and Cristina Gómez-Moreno

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4145-4161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040302 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 963

Abstract

Background: Adolescent eating disorders pose a significant public health challenge and strongly affect both physical and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is important for improving treatment outcomes, though it remains complex due to multiple influencing factors. The family perspective is essential in this process, [...] Read more.

Background: Adolescent eating disorders pose a significant public health challenge and strongly affect both physical and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is important for improving treatment outcomes, though it remains complex due to multiple influencing factors. The family perspective is essential in this process, as it provides valuable insights into changes in adolescents’ habits and emotional health. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between January and February 2023. Interviews were conducted with 12 participants using a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and perspectives of family members of adolescents with eating disorders. Results: Four thematic blocks comprising several categories were identified: (T1) diagnosis, (T2) family, (T3) resources, and (T4) treatment. The participants emphasized the need for early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of eating disorders. Family therapy was recognized as vital to treatment, and common dissatisfaction with the public health structure underscores the need for greater investment in research and access to specialists. Mental health nurse practitioners play an important role in providing comprehensive care and support, as well as mental health literacy. Conclusions: A holistic, patient-centered approach, including family involvement and appropriate support systems, is key to improving the outcomes and quality of life of adolescents undergoing treatment for eating disorders. Improving healthcare resources and addressing the challenges faced by families is essential. In addition, mental health literacy is critical, as it enables families to understand the disease better, make informed decisions, and actively participate in the recovery process, thus contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Nursing Education, Practice and Research: Emphasizing Health Literacy)

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16 pages, 615 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Exploring Nurses’ and Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Coercive and Technological Measures in Mental Health: A Conceptual Framework and Study Protocol

by Giuliano Anastasi, Roberto Latina, Yari Longobucco, Alessandro Stievano and Stefano Bambi

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4129-4144; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040301 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 961

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The use of coercive measures (CMs) and security technologies (STs) in mental healthcare continues to raise ethical and practical concerns, affecting both patient and staff well-being. Mental health nurses (MHNs) and nursing students (NSs) play a key role in the decision-making process [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The use of coercive measures (CMs) and security technologies (STs) in mental healthcare continues to raise ethical and practical concerns, affecting both patient and staff well-being. Mental health nurses (MHNs) and nursing students (NSs) play a key role in the decision-making process regarding these interventions. However, their attitudes, particularly toward STs, remain underexplored in Italy. This study protocol aims to introduce a new conceptual framework and investigate Italian MHNs’ and NSs’ attitudes toward CMs and STs in mental health settings. Additionally, it will explore the influence of sociodemographic and psychological factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, stigma, and humanization on these attitudes. Methods: The research will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involves a national survey of a convenience sample of MHNs and NSs to assess their attitudes and related factors. Phase 2 includes qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of MHNs and NSs to explore participants’ perspectives on STs in more depth. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data will be examined through thematic analysis. Conclusions: This study protocol seeks to enhance our understanding of MHNs’ and NSs’ attitudes toward the use of CMs and STs in mental health settings, identifying key factors influencing these attitudes. The findings aim to inform policy development, education programs, and clinical practices in both the Italian and international panoramas. Additionally, the proposed conceptual framework could guide future research in this field. Full article

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10 pages, 234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Lactation Assessment and Comprehensive Intervention Tool (LAT)

by Julie Grady, Anna Blair, Kajsa Brimdyr and Karin Cadwell

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4119-4128; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040300 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 552

Abstract

Background: Despite the short- and long-term acknowledged benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their infants, worldwide rates trail behind international goals. Prior research confirms that breastfeeding is a nurse sensitive indicator and that problems with latching the baby and painful breastfeeding rank high [...] Read more.

Background: Despite the short- and long-term acknowledged benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their infants, worldwide rates trail behind international goals. Prior research confirms that breastfeeding is a nurse sensitive indicator and that problems with latching the baby and painful breastfeeding rank high among the reasons given for not continuing to breastfeed. The Lactation Assessment Tool (LAT^TM) was previously evaluated in a study conducted in Latvia by nurse midwives. Use of the LAT to assess breastfeeding and suggesting corrective interventions were shown to decrease pain and promote healing in traumatized nipples. The inter-rater reliability for that study was by test/re-test amongst participating researcher midwives. The aim of the current study is to expand the understanding of LAT inter-rater reliability to include novice and expert assessors. Methods: A convenience sample of twenty participants, including both novices (nine nursing students) and 11 self-identified experts, assessed four videos of breastfeeding dyads using the assessment tool, the LAT. Novice participants received a 2 h training session before final tool assessment. Each video was viewed three times, with a 3 min pause between viewings. All elements of the LAT that could be visually evaluated were included, with each element appearing in at least two of the videos. Results: Acceptable internal consistency of the LAT tool was found, with Cronbach’s alpha measuring 0.799, 0.740, 0.756 and 0.735 for each video, respectively. The reliability of the novice assessors improved over the course of the four videos, from 0.484 and 0.610 to 0.714 and 0.711. All of the experts had Cronbach’s alpha numbers that were acceptable, ranging from 0.769 to 1.00. Conclusions: Results indicate that experts perform much better using the tool than trained novices. However, the subsequent use of the tool resulted in the last two video assessments having an acceptable measure for the trained novice group. The LAT is a reliable tool for trained novices and experts to assess breastfeeding positioning and latch. Full article

10 pages, 749 KiB

Open AccessReview

Use of Hormone Blockers in Transgender Teenagers: A Scoping Review

by M. J. Herrera Jerez, M. E. Castro-Peraza, N. M. Delgado Morales and A. Arias Rodriguez

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4109-4118; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040299 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 830

Abstract

Hormone blockers are defined as substances that suppress the release of sex hormones, thus inhibiting the development of secondary sexual characteristics in teenagers. There is currently an increase in young people seeking healthcare services due to a mismatch between their birth-assigned gender and [...] Read more.

Hormone blockers are defined as substances that suppress the release of sex hormones, thus inhibiting the development of secondary sexual characteristics in teenagers. There is currently an increase in young people seeking healthcare services due to a mismatch between their birth-assigned gender and their perceived or self-identified gender. In early childhood, individuals are not usually affected by their physical appearance. Dysphoria may arise during the initial stages of adolescence and if the self-perceived gender does not align with the external appearance. This may have a negative impact on adolescents’ mental health. Could the use of hormone blockers have a positive effect on mental health? The primary objective of this review is to assess whether the use of hormone blockers can have positive effects on the mental health of transgender youth. The review also seeks to evaluate the usage of hormone blockers and the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. A literature search of scientific evidence was conducted across various databases—PUBMED, CUIDEN, ELSEVIER, COCHRANE, DIMENSIONS, SCIELO, PSYCINFO, and CINAHL—alongside a review of the latest publications in high-impact scientific journals and the gray literature. The following terms were used: <trans people>, <hormone blockers>, <depression>, <anxiety>, <teenagers>, <trans teens>, and <dysphoria>. A time period was specified, covering the last ten years (2014–2024). The initial search identified a total of 290 references, which were subsequently narrowed down to 5 studies, with 1 additional study retrieved through other methods. The literature findings are clear. They show that the use of hormone blockers in transgender adolescents can be beneficial, as a reduction in mental health issues was observed during and after their use. Mental healthcare in transgender teenagers is of crucial importance to their physical, psychological, social, and academic spheres. It is also very important for their families. Nurses must be aware of this knowledge to improve the care provided to these individuals and their families during the difficult time surrounding decisions about the use of hormone blockers. Full article

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18 pages, 261 KiB

Open AccessReview

Conscience at the End of Life

by Ralph Neil Baergen and James Skidmore

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4091-4108; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040298 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 522

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Caring for patients at the end of life can involve issues that are ethically and legally fraught: withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration, pain control that could hasten death, aggressive treatment that is continued when it seems only to be prolonging [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Caring for patients at the end of life can involve issues that are ethically and legally fraught: withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration, pain control that could hasten death, aggressive treatment that is continued when it seems only to be prolonging suffering, patients who request medical assistance in dying, and so forth. Clinicians may find that their deeply held ethical principles conflict with law, institutional policy, or patients’ choices. In these situations, they may consider either refusing to participate in procedures that they find morally abhorrent (conscientious refusal) or providing care that they believe to be ethically obligatory despite being contrary to law or policy (conscientious commitment). Methods: This paper reviews the ethical issues involved. Results: Each of the usual policies for handling conscientious refusals faces serious challenges. Conclusions: Healthcare providers who refuse to provide medical services should be expected to explain their reasons, make prompt referrals, and bear some of the resulting costs or burdens. Full article

21 pages, 633 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tailored Multifaceted Strategy for Implementing Fundamental Evidence-Based Nursing Care: An Evaluation Study

by Signe Eekholm, Karin Samuelson, Gerd Ahlström and Tove Lindhardt

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4070-4090; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040297 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 742

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Extensive research has emphasised the persistent challenges and failures in providing hospitalised patients with fundamental evidence-based nursing care, often resulting in grave consequences for patient safety. Recommendations from implementation research indicate that a tailored theory- and research-based implementation strategy targeting contextual [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Extensive research has emphasised the persistent challenges and failures in providing hospitalised patients with fundamental evidence-based nursing care, often resulting in grave consequences for patient safety. Recommendations from implementation research indicate that a tailored theory- and research-based implementation strategy targeting contextual determinants can optimise the implementation of evidence-based clinical practice for the benefit of patients. This study evaluated the feasibility of an implementation strategy designed to improve the quality of nursing care by targeting behavioural and environmental barriers in a hospital setting. Methods: Proctor’s conceptual model for implementation was applied to evaluate the strategy based on eight outcomes: adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, fidelity, feasibility, penetration, sustainability, and costs. Data collection methods included field observations, informal and focus group interviews, registrations, and audits of electronic patient records. Results: The strategy was adoptive, acceptable, appropriate, and feasible in targeting complex environmental and behavioural determinants (at the individual, team, and management level), enabling successful implementation of fundamental evidence-based nursing care. However, fidelity, feasibility, and sustainability were challenged by competing organisational demands and time constraints. Conclusions: The tailored, multifaceted strategy proved effective in addressing complex environmental and behavioural determinants across multiple levels, facilitating the implementation of fundamental evidence-based nursing care in a clinical practice. Further testing and larger-scale studies is needed to assess the strategy’s transferability and its impact on nursing-sensitive patient outcomes in different clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Evidence-Based Practice and Personalized Care)

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10 pages, 255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Splash Basins in the Operating Room: Clean or Contaminated? A Study on Bacterial Contamination in Splash Basins Used to Rinse Surgical Instruments During Surgery

by Karoline Stavang Michalsen, Linda Helen Helgeland, Grethe Myklestul Dåvøy, Marit Hegg Reime and Fred-Ivan Kvam

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4060-4069; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040296 - 17 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1859

Abstract

Background: Preventing postoperative infection and promoting patient safety are essential responsibilities of the operating room nurse. In some hospitals, splash basins are used to rinse instruments during surgery, although previous studies emphasise the risk of bacterial contamination. A recent systematic review calls [...] Read more.

Background: Preventing postoperative infection and promoting patient safety are essential responsibilities of the operating room nurse. In some hospitals, splash basins are used to rinse instruments during surgery, although previous studies emphasise the risk of bacterial contamination. A recent systematic review calls for further investigation into surgical teams’ use of splash basins. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate bacterial contamination in splash basins and to identify the variables that may have an influence on this contamination. Methods: This prospective observational pilot study involved collecting, cultivating, and analysing water samples obtained from splash basins during operations performed in the thoracic and neurosurgical departments. The ventilation systems, length of surgery, number of instruments in the splash basin, number of persons present in the operating room, frequency of door openings during surgery, and type of bacteria were observed. Results: Bacterial growth was found in 44% of the final water samples: 41% from the thoracic surgical department, which had laminar airflow ventilation systems/unidirectional airflow ventilation, and 47% from the neurosurgical department, which had conventional ventilation systems/turbulent mixing ventilation. However, the binary logistic regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between bacterial growth and the ventilation systems, length of surgery, number of instruments in the splash basin, number of people in the operating room, or frequency of door openings. The most common types of bacteria found were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Micrococcus luteus. Conclusions: Splash basins become contaminated with bacteria during surgery. Therefore, using splash basins with sterile water is not recommended. Further research is needed to determine the best evidence-based practice for rinsing instruments perioperatively. Full article

21 pages, 638 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Ageism and Associated Factors in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review

by Laura Fernández-Puerta, Alexis Caballero-Bonafé, Juan Ramón de-Moya-Romero, Antonio Martínez-Sabater and Raquel Valera-Lloris

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4039-4059; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040295 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 930

Abstract

Background: Ageism refers to the presence of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against older adults based on their age. In healthcare settings it negatively impacts opportunities for treatment, rehabilitation, and cure opportunities. This study aims to assess the presence of ageism among healthcare [...] Read more.

Background: Ageism refers to the presence of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against older adults based on their age. In healthcare settings it negatively impacts opportunities for treatment, rehabilitation, and cure opportunities. This study aims to assess the presence of ageism among healthcare workers toward older patients and to identify the associated sociodemographic, personal, and work-related factors. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus. Studies that assessed the presence of ageism among healthcare professionals through a quantitative or mixed methodology and published between 2014 and 2024 were included. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Healthcare workers generally exhibited low rates of ageism; however, results varied across studies. Although the available literature is limited, workers with less knowledge about aging and less experience, especially in geriatric units, showed higher ageism scores. Intergenerational contact and a wish to work with older people appeared to be important factors for promoting a positive relationship with older adults. Other sociodemographic and sociocultural factors, such as age and sex, were not related to ageism. Workload and work-related factors, such as stress or lack of personnel, might be associated with ageism, but few studies were found to be available to confirm these results. Conclusions: Ageism scores among professionals were low. Gerontological education and clinical and family experience could help reduce ageist attitudes toward older patients among health professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Nursing Education, Practice and Research: Emphasizing Health Literacy)

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17 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Work–Family Balance on Nurses’ Perceived Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

by Ana María Antolí-Jover, María Gázquez-López, Pascual Brieba-del Río, María Ángeles Pérez-Morente, Adelina Martín-Salvador and María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4022-4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040294 - 14 Dec 2024

Viewed by 907

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has put nurses under extreme pressure, especially affecting them by significantly increasing their workload and compromising their well-being. The lack of balance between work and personal life has caused greater stress and burnout in these professionals, deteriorating their quality [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has put nurses under extreme pressure, especially affecting them by significantly increasing their workload and compromising their well-being. The lack of balance between work and personal life has caused greater stress and burnout in these professionals, deteriorating their quality of life and the care they provide. This study aims to synthesize the scientific evidence on the relationship between work–family balance and the perceived quality of life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, WOS, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: Five studies involving 1641 nurses from Spain, India, Jordan, South Korea, and Turkey focused on three key areas: (1) work–life balance, (2) quality of life, and (3) factors associated with quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing challenges related to work–life balance and quality of life, particularly for nurses with rigid and extended work hours, increasing stress and negatively impacting their well-being. The study emphasizes the need for flexible labor policies, psychological support, and strong social networks to prevent burnout and improve nurses’ quality of life. Full article

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16 pages, 458 KiB

Open AccessReview

Psychosocial Factors Affecting Wellbeing and Sources of Support of Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review

by Erica R. Timko Olson, Anthony Olson, Megan Driscoll and Donna Z. Bliss

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 4006-4021; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040293 - 14 Dec 2024

Viewed by 866

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To identify and analyze what is known about the psychosocial factors affecting the wellbeing and sources of support of young adult (YA) cancer survivors. Methods: The search strategy included Neoplasms, young adults, psycho* or emotional well* or mental health. The OVID Medline [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: To identify and analyze what is known about the psychosocial factors affecting the wellbeing and sources of support of young adult (YA) cancer survivors. Methods: The search strategy included Neoplasms, young adults, psycho* or emotional well* or mental health. The OVID Medline and CINAHL databases were searched. Included were cancer survivors (YA) ages 18–39 at the time of the study. The studies included qualitative and quantitative designs, written in English, and published between January 2016 and October 2024. The results were recorded according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results: Thirteen studies with 4992 participants found psychosocial factors to be the most important influence on life satisfaction with social support the most decisive factor. This expands the results of previous reviews by including a variety of study designs and data collection tools to provide a comprehensive understanding of the YA experience. Psychosocial concerns affecting wellbeing led to social isolation, low connectedness with family and friends, and significant distress. Consistent with previous reviews, the greatest challenges to wellbeing were psychosocial needs, which included seeking and delivering information that is easy to understand but detailed, which can decrease frustration and anger, and needs to be readily available and accessible. Unlike older adult cancer survivors, YA survivors are more likely to have reduced psychosocial functioning compared to their peers and suffer from higher distress than their adult peers and non-YA cancer survivors with anxiety as the most reported symptom. Conclusions: Interventions need to be developed that lessen the impact of a cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments. The specific needs of YAs must be further researched and evaluated to determine specific interventions and the support needed during this crucial stage of cancer survivorship. Future research must also increase the focus on the racial and ethnic diversity of participants as well as prioritizing underserved populations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

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13 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nursing Students’ Experiences About Clinical Practice Tutoring: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

by Álvaro Borrallo-Riego, Eleonora Magni, José Miguel Pérez-Jiménez and María Dolores Guerra-Martín

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3993-4005; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040292 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 748

Abstract

Objective: Nursing students’ experiences about clinical practice tutoring in a public university from southern Spain and at its two attached educational centres were analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The population was comprised of nursing students attending their fourth year [...] Read more.

Objective: Nursing students’ experiences about clinical practice tutoring in a public university from southern Spain and at its two attached educational centres were analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The population was comprised of nursing students attending their fourth year of university during the 2023/2024 academic period, with a final sample of 179 subjects. Sociodemographic data were collected and a validated questionnaire on opinions about the figure of clinical practice tutors was applied, with 34 closed questions offering five answer options. The questions were categorized into 17 dimensions. A question on the students’ satisfaction with tutoring of the practices was included, in addition to an open question to gather the students’ comments and/or suggestions in relation to clinical practice tutoring. The analysis was performed through a data matrix in SPSS. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the centres according to the questionnaire dimensions, considering p-values < 0.05 to establish statistically significant differences. The open question was analysed using Atlas.ti. Results: Most of the students were women, with an approximate mean age of 23 years old. Significant differences were detected among the centres in almost all dimensions from the questionnaire. High satisfaction levels were obtained in the three centres. A total of 83 verbatims were collected in the open question and grouped into eight categories. Conclusion: Nursing students place significant importance on the role of the clinical tutor. Clinical tutors who demonstrate enthusiasm for teaching, foster a positive environment based on active listening, respect, and the encouragement of autonomy, are essential to enhancing the students’ experience during clinical placements. Full article

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9 pages, 205 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

The Impact of Cardiac Telerehabilitation on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): A Systematic Review Protocol

by Francesco Limonti, Andrea Gigliotti, Francesco Gravante and Nicola Ramacciati

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3984-3992; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040291 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 580

Abstract

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an intervention to improve health and quality of life in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The use of digital technology for healthcare promotion, such as telemedicine, has received growing attention in recent years due to the possibility [...] Read more.

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an intervention to improve health and quality of life in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The use of digital technology for healthcare promotion, such as telemedicine, has received growing attention in recent years due to the possibility of offering remote and individualized cardiac rehabilitation to patients undergoing coronary interventions. However, the impact of cardiac telerehabilitation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is not fully understood. This systematic review aims to analyze through meta-analyses and synthesized comments the current knowledge on the effectiveness of cardiac telerehabilitation in improving HRQoL in patients undergoing PCI. Objectives: This manuscript presents a protocol for a systematic review to assess the effects of cardiac telerehabilitation on HRQoL in cardiac patients after PCI. Furthermore, the systematic review will explore the different modalities of remote rehabilitation documented in scientific literature. Methods: The literature review protocol was developed according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Search terms were structured according to the PIO (Population-Intervention-Outcome) framework. All relevant available studies will be identified using the main databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and included in the review. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). This review protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (No. CRD42024582933). Conclusions: This systematic review will comprehensively investigate the effects of cardiac telerehabilitation on QoL improvements in patients after PCI. Full article

16 pages, 327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Satisfaction and Workload as Predictors of Psychological Distress in Professionals of Psychosocial Care Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Debora Maria Salimon Pinto, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Letícia Palota Eid, Maria Amélia Zanom Ponce, Júlio César André, Emilia Batista Mourão Tiol, Bianca Cristina Ciccone Giacon-Arruda, Guilherme de Oliveira Arruda, Maria da Graça Girade Souza, Natália Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos Sasaki, Emerson Roberto Santos, William Donegá Martinez, Ana Carolina Santos Costa, Ana Maria Rita Pedroso Vilela Torres de Carvalho Engel, Amilton José da Silva Júnior, Alexandre Lins Werneck, Marise Ramos de Souza, Marlene Andrade Martins, Gabriele Cássia Santos Silva, João Daniel de Souza Menezes, Matheus Querino da Silva and Daniele Alcalá Pompeo Show full author list Hide full author list

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3968-3983; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040290 - 12 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals, especially those working in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), which are crucial services in the Brazilian mental health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between job satisfaction, workload, [...] Read more.

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals, especially those working in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), which are crucial services in the Brazilian mental health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress among CAPS professionals during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 professionals from seven CAPS. The Workload Impact Scale (IMPACTO-BR) and Job Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress. Results: Professionals reported moderate satisfaction (3.67 ± 0.45) and mild workload (1.82 ± 0.63). One-third of the sample showed scores indicative of psychological distress. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that workload (p = 0.0025) and low job satisfaction (p = 0.0495) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusions: Low job satisfaction and high professional workload were predictive variables of psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for investments in promoting the quality of life at work for mental health professionals, especially during crises. The implications for human resource management and public policy development emphasize the importance of an integrated approach that considers the well-being of professionals for the effectiveness and sustainability of the psychosocial care model. Full article

13 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge and Practices Regarding Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) Prevention Among Nurses in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

by Ruba M. Alharazi, Raiannah H. Alqahtani, Rahaf A. Alanazi, Walaa Alharbi, Shmokh M. Alshenen, Aisha Alhofaian, Afnan Tunsi and Loujain Sharif

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3955-3967; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040289 - 11 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the formation of a blood clot within a large vein, is one of the most common problems among hospitalized patients. The annual prevalence of DVT is 48 per 1,000,000. Nurses’ knowledge significantly affects compliance with VTE risk assessment [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the formation of a blood clot within a large vein, is one of the most common problems among hospitalized patients. The annual prevalence of DVT is 48 per 1,000,000. Nurses’ knowledge significantly affects compliance with VTE risk assessment and prevention. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding deep venous thrombosis prevention among nurses in Ministry of Health hospitals and King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was conducted in Jeddah using a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design. A sample of 240 registered nurses were conveniently recruited to complete a self-administered online questionnaire. The data were coded and analyzed through SPSS version 24. Results: The participants had adequate knowledge on the prevention of DVT (75.64 ± 18.88), and the highest level was observed for knowledge about the prevention and prophylaxis of DVT (81.98 ± 45.73%). The practice level of nurses in preventing DVT was 71.92%, with a mean score of 18.7. Conclusions: There is a significant effect of nurses’ level of academic qualifications, working ward, and DVT prevention training on their knowledge and practice of DVT prevention. Full article

12 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges and Strategies in Nursing Leadership: A Qualitative Study on Leaders in Mental Health Care

by Else Marie Lysfjord, Edith Roth Gjevjon and Siv Skarstein

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3943-3954; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040288 - 10 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Aim: To explore the challenges and strategies among new and experienced nursing leaders in mental healthcare; furthermore, to identify factors that support or hinder their leadership roles. Background: Strong nursing leadership is crucial for the quality of patient care and is associated with [...] Read more.

Aim: To explore the challenges and strategies among new and experienced nursing leaders in mental healthcare; furthermore, to identify factors that support or hinder their leadership roles. Background: Strong nursing leadership is crucial for the quality of patient care and is associated with higher job security and better patient outcomes. Understanding what factors contribute to effective leadership is essential for the development of future leaders. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 20 nursing leaders in mental healthcare in Norway, including 10 new leaders (<2 years in the role) and 10 experienced leaders (>10 years in the role). Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis. Results: New leaders set high standards and faced demanding tasks, which made the role stressful. They experienced uncertainty and self-doubt about their effectiveness and expressed a need for support from mentors or colleagues. Experienced leaders focused on strategic leadership, task prioritization, and employee motivation, emphasizing the importance of being inspirational, patient, and accessible. Discussion: This study highlights the different challenges faced by new and experienced leaders in mental healthcare. New leaders need support to build confidence and manage the demands of their roles, while experienced leaders benefit from their strategic approach and ability to motivate staff. Conclusions and implications for nursing and/or health policy: The findings suggest that mentoring programs and support networks are essential for developing and motivating nursing leaders. New leaders should receive support to overcome self-doubt and stress associated with their roles. Experienced leaders can, through being mentors, expand their strategic skills and increase own insight and abilities regarding leadership. These insights have significant implications for health policy, which should include resources and programs aimed at supporting leadership development in nursing. Full article

10 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessReview

Italian Nursing Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1980 to 2020

by Michela Luciani, Michela Barisone, Marco Bentivegna, Antonietta Fioremisto, Giulia Galeazzi, Marco Alfonso La Monica, Alessandra Musci, Davide Ausili and Alberto Dal Molin

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3933-3942; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040287 - 9 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore Italian nurses’ publications from 1980 to 2020. Background/Objectives: Several studies have been conducted internationally to assess nursing research output. In Italy, there are some older studies, but a comprehensive analysis of the Italian nursing [...] Read more.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore Italian nurses’ publications from 1980 to 2020. Background/Objectives: Several studies have been conducted internationally to assess nursing research output. In Italy, there are some older studies, but a comprehensive analysis of the Italian nursing scientific production after 2010 is needed. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted through a retrospective descriptive study. All articles (n = 3423) published by Italian nurses (n = 2170) and indexed in Scopus were included, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Publication trends show a steady growth, with an increase in publications in journals with higher IFs. Most publications were focused on clinical research and used quantitative methods (n = 2473 articles (86.71%)). The most frequently conducted quantitative studies were observational studies (52.91%), followed by experimental studies (12.5%), instrumental studies (6.72%), and other methodologies (0.15%). Qualitative studies accounted for n = 318 articles (11.15%), and mixed-method studies accounted for n = 61 articles (2.14%). Conclusions: The overall improvement in Italian nursing research is due to the increase in the number of nurses with PhDs and academics in the country. More funding and nursing research positions are needed to further improve research. Full article

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14 pages, 1030 KiB

Open AccessArticle

H-SVEST: Validation and Adaptation of the Hebrew Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool

by Rinat Cohen, Yael Sela, Or Catz and Rachel Nissanholtz-Gannot

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3919-3932; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040286 - 9 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background: Adverse medical events not only harm patients and families, but also have a significant negative impact on healthcare providers, with the potential to compromise future professional functioning. These “second victims” may need organizational support and rehabilitation to return to functionality. Objectives: We [...] Read more.

Background: Adverse medical events not only harm patients and families, but also have a significant negative impact on healthcare providers, with the potential to compromise future professional functioning. These “second victims” may need organizational support and rehabilitation to return to functionality. Objectives: We analyzed the validity of an adapted tool, the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), on a population in Israel, H-SVEST. Methods: The H-SVEST was completed by 172 nurse participants working in a variety of patient care settings. All of the participants reported experiencing SVP. The H-SVEST was assessed for content validity, internal consistency, and construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The CFA, when run on the initial model with 9 factors and 29 items, did not meet criteria for suitability of fit. After removing three items based on their low-factor loadings and the correlation, the model fit significantly improved with acceptable CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR. The final version included 26 items and 9 factors with Cronbach α values ranging from 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: The H-SVEST demonstrates robust psychometric properties and valuable insights into the second victim experience in the Israeli context. Comparative analysis with other versions highlights potential cultural influences and areas for further investigation. Implementing this tool and developing evidence-based interventions based on its results can significantly improve the well-being and resilience of healthcare providers in Israel and other countries with diverse cultural populations. Full article

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12 pages, 1488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges Faced by Family Caregivers of Individuals Living with Dementia in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Toshiko Tsuyuki, Takeshi Asai, Erina Kurosaki, Atsushi Nakamura, Kaori Kishi and Fumi Takeda

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3907-3918; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040285 - 7 Dec 2024

Viewed by 743

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the challenges faced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia in Japan, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 family caregivers of patients with dementia. Results: 56.4% of caregivers reported [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the challenges faced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia in Japan, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 family caregivers of patients with dementia. Results: 56.4% of caregivers reported an increased caregiving burden, primarily due to extended caregiving hours, reduced access to public services, and restrictions on social interactions. This study found a strong preference for formal support, with 75.4% of caregivers desiring access to more comprehensive services. However, 19.4% of dementia patients were not utilizing any public services, largely due to a mismatch between available services and caregivers’ actual needs, as well as societal resistance to inviting formal support into the home. Informal support systems, such as dementia family groups and cafes, were well-known, but participation rates remained low (5.4% and 5.8%, respectively), despite the potential benefits for reducing stress and providing emotional support. Key barriers included privacy concerns, reluctance to engage, and logistical challenges such as inconvenient access and time constraints. Conclusions: To mitigate the above challenges, this study recommends expanding telemedicine and remote support services, improving awareness of available resources, and offering flexible, tailored solutions to meet diverse caregiving needs. Additionally, increasing financial support, enhancing public recognition of caregiver roles, and providing psychological counseling and stress management programs are essential to alleviating both the emotional and economic burdens placed on family caregivers during the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Centered Care with Chronic Diseases)

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12 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Use of Technology in the Prevention of Infections Associated with Urinary Catheterization

by Bruna Raquel Fonseca, Maura Filipa Silva, Rogério Ferrinho Ferreira, Sofia Cabecinhas de Sá, Teresa Dionísio Mestre and Marta Sofia Catarino

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3895-3906; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040284 - 7 Dec 2024

Viewed by 876

Abstract

(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are the second most common hospital-acquired infections, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) accounting for about 40% of these nosocomial infections. This review aims to identify the impact of [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are the second most common hospital-acquired infections, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) accounting for about 40% of these nosocomial infections. This review aims to identify the impact of technology on preventing infections in patients with urinary catheters; (2) Methods: The search was conducted in April 2024 through the EBSCOhost platform, with access to the American Search Complete, CINHAL Ultimate, Medline databases, and through the Scopus database; (3) Results: In total were included eight articles in this review. Technology interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTIs, decrease the duration of catheter use, improve diagnosis, and enhance patient safety; (4) Conclusions: Technological advancements show significant benefits in reducing infection rates and improving patient outcomes, like shorter hospital stays and comfort. Multidisciplinary approaches and educational strategies are essential to maximize these benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Nursing Care through Innovative Technologies)

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17 pages, 1062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Individualized Care in Nursing Homes Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Aurora García-Camacha Gutiérrez, Irene García-Camacha Gutiérrez, Riitta Suhonen and Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3878-3894; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040283 - 6 Dec 2024

Viewed by 770

Abstract

Background: Individualizing care is the essence of nursing, and its benefits have been extensively proven in older people. The changes arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected it. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes produced in the [...] Read more.

Background: Individualizing care is the essence of nursing, and its benefits have been extensively proven in older people. The changes arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected it. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes produced in the perceptions about the individualization of care, quality of life, and care environment of elderly people living in long-term care centers before and after the pandemic. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out. For data collection, the Individualized Care Scale-patient, the EuroQol-5D scale, and a reduced version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix test were used, and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 177 people participated in the study, with 87 pre-COVID-19 and 90 post-COVID-19, 62.7% of whom were women. The average age was 83.3 years. General activities of the individualized care obtained medians of 4, 2.5, and 3 (out of 5) in clinical situation, personal life situation, and decisional control dimensions, respectively, and no substantial change was observed pre- and post-pandemic. Nevertheless, 10 out of 17 items related with the maintenance of individuality in the last shift were higher rated after COVID-19. They are mainly related to the feelings and needs of care, daily life activities, and the expression of opinions. The median of all items was 3 despite the improvement observed after the pandemic. Residents scored an average of 6.47 points (out of 10) in the life quality self-evaluation and were satisfied with the care environment (94%). Patients with higher life quality and adherence to their environment perceived better care. Conclusions: Although slight improvements were observed in the individualized care after the pandemic, the obtained results revealed that there is still room for improvement. Particularly, it is necessary to develop strategies aimed at motivating the family participation or providing individual spaces in the residences. Full article

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14 pages, 907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Providing Physical Health Checks for People with Severe Mental Illness in Primary Care in England: An Evaluation of a Locally Enhanced Service

by Sheila Hardy

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3864-3877; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040282 - 6 Dec 2024

Viewed by 664

Abstract

Background/Objectives: People with a severe mental illness die much earlier than the rest of the population from a preventable physical illness. Annual health checks are a way of assessing the person to then offer the appropriate interventions. Integrated Care Northampton, England used [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: People with a severe mental illness die much earlier than the rest of the population from a preventable physical illness. Annual health checks are a way of assessing the person to then offer the appropriate interventions. Integrated Care Northampton, England used the long-term plan baseline funding allocated to them from the government department that commissions primary care services, to implement a local enhanced service. Their aim was to provide a person-centred physical health check that people with severe mental illness feel comfortable, confident, and able to engage with. Methods: Wellbeing Organisation Research Training Hub Northampton were commissioned by Integrated Care Northampton to provide training, support, and evaluate the locally enhanced service. Training was provided by training trainers who then offered one-to-one support to those delivering health checks in practice. Providers of the health checks could also access individual support from Wellbeing Organisation Research Training Hub staff. Patient data were collected via a template that is part of usual practice. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the education of staff, the delivery of health checks, and the impact on people with severe mental illness. Results: Training was well received but most of the trainers did not continue in their role. The project was successful in highlighting the physical health needs of people with severe mental illness and monitoring in primary care increased. Though methods were put in place to evaluate the delivery of health checks and their impact on people with severe mental illness, these were not utilised by the service. Conclusions: This paper emphasises how difficult it is to implement a new service and evaluate it successfully. Future projects should prioritise measuring the quality of the service. Full article

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17 pages, 1096 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Long-Lasting Effect of Multidisciplinary Interventions for Emotional and Social Loneliness in Older Community-Dwelling Individuals: A Systematic Review

by Georgiana Zaharia, Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle, Omar Cauli and Silvia Corchón

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3847-3863; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040281 - 6 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background: Loneliness can occur at any age, but it is more prevalent among older adults due to the associated risk factors. Various interventions exist to improve this situation, but little is known about their long-term effects. Our aims were to determine if these [...] Read more.

Background: Loneliness can occur at any age, but it is more prevalent among older adults due to the associated risk factors. Various interventions exist to improve this situation, but little is known about their long-term effects. Our aims were to determine if these interventions have long-lasting effects and for how long they can be sustained. Additionally, we aimed to analyze if the interventions carried out by volunteers affected the outcomes regarding loneliness and psychological impact. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching the literature in the MEDLINE PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for interventions focused on the lonely population. The inclusion criteria for this review were the assessment of loneliness using a validated tool, and loneliness being the primary or secondary outcome. The CASPe checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the selected studies, and the PRISMA-ScR recommendations were followed to present and synthesize the results. Results: Thirty articles were included. The interventions identified were classified into five categories: psychosocial, technological, health promotion, physical exercise, and multicomponent interventions. Loneliness improved in 24 studies during the post-intervention analysis. Social connectivity and depressive symptoms also improved in most interventions. Long-term follow-ups were conducted with positive results in a total of 16 interventions. Depressive symptoms and social connectivity were also improved. Eight of the interventions were carried out by volunteers and showed good results regarding loneliness. Conclusions: The results obtained in this work suggested that multidisciplinary interventions can reduce loneliness, but more controlled clinical studies are needed. Full article

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17 pages, 1883 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increasing Self-Efficacy for the Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Through an Advanced Practice Education Program for Primary Care Professionals

by Bushra Yunis, Paloma Echevarría-Pérez, Juan Jose Hernandez Morante and Isabel Morales-Moreno

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3830-3846; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040280 - 5 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Previous studies have shown that primary care (PC) professionals have a low knowledge about the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, despite being one of the most common chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Previous studies have shown that primary care (PC) professionals have a low knowledge about the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, despite being one of the most common chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of an educational program for health professionals on the metabolic control of their patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This work follows a quasi-experimental longitudinal design following a double perspective. First, an educational intervention was conducted on primary care health professionals. Previous diabetes knowledge was evaluated on 157 PC health professionals. Those with lower knowledge scores (<3.5 out of 7) were allocated to the intervention group. An 8-week advanced education program was conducted on 77 PC health professionals. Self-efficacy and quality of care were evaluated. Second, a prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in metabolic parameters in their patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 4099 patients with type 2 diabetes attending PC services were divided depending on the formation of health professionals. Biochemical and other clinical parameters were determined at baseline and after 12 months; the study was allocated in the Primary Health Centers of Meuhedet North District (Israel), from January 2022 to June 2023. Changes from the baseline were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, a mixed-effect model was conducted to capture variability within primary care staff and between groups of patients. Results: The education program significantly improved health staff knowledge (p < 0.001) and all dimensions of self-efficacy (p < 0.001 in all cases). These improvements were mirrored in patients’ outcomes, since those managed by health professionals attending the advanced practice education showed, after 6 months, better glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and eGFR (p = 0.006) levels. Conclusions: The advanced practice education program oriented to PC professionals was able to significantly improve their self-efficacy and perceived quality of care, which induced a significant effect on metabolic markers of patients with type 2 diabetes. Overall, the data reinforce the usefulness of advanced education programs, especially in chronic complex diseases like type 2 diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Management of Chronic Disease)

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11 pages, 240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Older Adults Through an Artificial Intelligence Virtual Simulation: A Mixed-Method Design

by Anne White, Mary Beth Maguire and Austin Brown

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3819-3829; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040279 - 3 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: The projected increase from 58 million older adults in 2022 to 82 million by 2050 in the United States highlights the urgency of preparing nursing students to care for this aging population. However, studies reveal negative attitudes among nursing students toward older [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The projected increase from 58 million older adults in 2022 to 82 million by 2050 in the United States highlights the urgency of preparing nursing students to care for this aging population. However, studies reveal negative attitudes among nursing students toward older adults. A three-phased educational intervention that included an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven virtual simulation was implemented to address this. AI-generated simulations promise to expose marginalized groups and strengthen future nurses’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Methods: A convergent mixed-method design was used to measure the change in nursing students’ attitudes toward older adults, as measured by the UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes Survey and a Guided Reflection survey after participating in an Artificial Intelligence in Education learning event (n = 151). Results: The results indicate that post-intervention scores (M = 35.07, SD = 5.34) increased from pre-intervention scores (M = 34.50, SD = 4.86). This difference was statistically significant at the 0.10 significance level (t = 1.88, p = 0.06). The qualitative analysis indicated that the attitudes impacted were challenging and overcoming ageism, increased empathy and patience, and enhanced communication skills. Conclusions: Utilizing artificial intelligence technology during educational events effectively yields measurable learning outcomes. Cultivating positive attitudes toward older adults is essential for competent care in an aging society. This study was prospectively approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) on 30 July 2021, IRB-FY22-3. Full article

16 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pre-Implementation Strategies to Support Adaptation of Thrive: A Care Transitions Model for Economically Disadvantaged Patients with Serious Mental Illness

by J. Margo Brooks Carthon, Celsea Tibbitt, Kelvin Eyram Amenyedor, Amanda P. Bettencourt, Erin Babe, Pamela Z. Cacchione and Heather Brom

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3803-3818; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040278 - 2 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background: Economically disadvantaged patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) experience post-hospitalizations disparities due to fragmented care transitions. Purpose: To describe the pre-implementation strategies used to adapt and implement a nurse-led transitional care intervention (Thrive) to meet the needs of economically disadvantaged patients [...] Read more.

Background: Economically disadvantaged patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) experience post-hospitalizations disparities due to fragmented care transitions. Purpose: To describe the pre-implementation strategies used to adapt and implement a nurse-led transitional care intervention (Thrive) to meet the needs of economically disadvantaged patients diagnosed with an SMI. Methods: Two pre-implementation strategies, Evidence Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) meetings and Formative Evaluation (FE) research, were used to adapt intervention components. FE data included semi-structured interviews analyzed using Rapid Qualitative Analysis. Findings: Adaptations were made to core components of Thrive and strategies to support implementation were identified. Conclusions: Participatory strategies help to adapt interventions that are person-centered and tailored to the organizational context. Trial: NCT06203509. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing Innovation and Quality Improvement)

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17 pages, 1083 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dementia Prevention Self-Management in Older Thai Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Psychometric Properties of Two Questionnaires

by Noppamas Pipatpiboon, Jirapas Sripetchwandee, Eakachai Kantawong, Ruksanudt Budda and Daniel Bressington

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3786-3802; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040277 - 2 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of dementia, a complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is rising among older adults. Effective self-management for dementia prevention is essential, but no validated questionnaires currently exist to evaluate these behaviors. Methods: The Dementia Preventive Individual and Family Self-Management [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of dementia, a complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is rising among older adults. Effective self-management for dementia prevention is essential, but no validated questionnaires currently exist to evaluate these behaviors. Methods: The Dementia Preventive Individual and Family Self-Management Process Questionnaire (DP-IFSM-PQ) and the Dementia Preventive Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (DPSMBQ) were developed based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory to evaluate dementia prevention self-management behaviors in older adults with T2DM. Items for the DP-IFSM-PQ (30 items) and DPSMBQ (29 items) were generated through literature review and tested for face validity. A quantitative cross-sectional study evaluated their psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 311) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 254). Results: The final DP-IFSM-PQ comprises four factors and 29 items, showing acceptable fit with limited discriminant validity. The DPSMBQ includes seven factors and 27 items, demonstrating good fit and acceptable discriminant validity. Conclusions: The Thai-language DP-IFSM-PQ and DPSMBQ show reasonable psychometric properties for application in Thai older adults, but revisions of certain items and further studies are recommended to reassess their properties. Full article

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7 pages, 493 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is a No-Restraint Policy Associated with Increased Aggression Towards Healthcare Professionals Among Inpatient Psychiatric Units? A 16-Year Retrospective Observational Study Conducted in Italy

by Marco Colizzi, Carla Comacchio, Marco Garzitto, Giovanni Napoli, Chiara Battiston, Tatiana Tam, Marco Bertoli, Calogero Anzallo, Alvisa Palese and Matteo Balestrieri

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3779-3785; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040276 - 2 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1091

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate aggression-related work accidents in an inpatient psychiatric unit before and after implementing a no-restraint policy in Italy. Results revealed that, over the study period (2007–2022), 113 accidents occurred, mostly related to physical aggression (81.4%), with [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to investigate aggression-related work accidents in an inpatient psychiatric unit before and after implementing a no-restraint policy in Italy. Results revealed that, over the study period (2007–2022), 113 accidents occurred, mostly related to physical aggression (81.4%), with healthcare assistants and psychiatric nurses being the most affected and more accidents occurring during the morning shift (49.6%). A transitory peak of accidents occurred during the policy transition (χ²₂ = 16.0, p < 0.001; V = 1.000), falling rapidly in the subsequent years. In conclusion, adopting a no-restraint policy is not associated with increased aggression toward staff in psychiatric healthcare in the longer term, although greater support is needed during the transition phase to minimize risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Workplace Violence in Nursing and Midwifery)

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Nurs. Rep., Volume 14, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 114 articles

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