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Volume 8
Issue 1
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Journal of Xenobiotics is published by MDPI from Volume 10 Issue 1 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

J. Xenobiot., Volume 8, Issue 1 (October 2018) – 4 articles

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341 KiB  
Article
Behavioral Effects of the Neurotoxin ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine on the Mangrove Rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) Larvae
by Alessandra Carion, Julie Hétru, Angèle Markey, Victoria Suarez-Ulloa and Silvestre Frédéric
J. Xenobiot. 2018, 8(1), 7820; https://doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2018.7820 (registering DOI) - 29 Oct 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is a hermaphrodite fish capable of self-fertilization. This particularity allows to naturally produce highly homozygous and isogenic individuals. Despite the low genetic diversity, rivulus can live in extremely variable environments and adjust its phenotype accordingly. This species represents [...] Read more.
Mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is a hermaphrodite fish capable of self-fertilization. This particularity allows to naturally produce highly homozygous and isogenic individuals. Despite the low genetic diversity, rivulus can live in extremely variable environments and adjust its phenotype accordingly. This species represents a unique opportunity to clearly distinguish the genetic and non-genetic factors implicated in adaptation and evolution, such as epigenetic mechanisms. It is thus a great model in aquatic ecotoxicology to investigate the effects of xenobiotics on the epigenome, and their potential long-term impacts. In the present study, we used the mangrove rivulus to investigate the effects of the neurotoxin ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) on larvae behaviors after 7 days exposure to two sub-lethal concentrations. Results show that BMAA can affect the maximal speed and prey capture (trials and failures), suggesting potential impacts on the organism’s fitness. Full article
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Article
An Amplicon-Based Sequencing Approach for the Study of Aeromycology
by Hamza Mbareche, Marc Veillette, Guillaume J. Bilodeau and Caroline Duchaine
J. Xenobiot. 2018, 8(1), 7810; https://doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2018.7810 (registering DOI) - 29 Oct 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
Fungal spores are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air and their diversity and biomass quantity vary depending on the geographical location, environmental con- ditions, and the presence of sources such as hay, agricultural crops or growth on build- ing material [...]
[...] Read more.
Fungal spores are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air and their diversity and biomass quantity vary depending on the geographical location, environmental con- ditions, and the presence of sources such as hay, agricultural crops or growth on build- ing material [...]
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Article
Effects of Copper on the Early Development of Xenopus laevis: The case of CuSO4 and Bordeaux Mixture Solutions
by P. Titran, S. Slaby, G. Marchand, A. Lescuyer, S. Lemiere and Matthieu Marin
J. Xenobiot. 2018, 8(1), 7809; https://doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2018.7809 (registering DOI) - 29 Oct 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1241
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal for the organism but it can be toxic at high concentrations [...]
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Brief Report
Effects of Chronic Exposure to Benzophenone and Diclofenac on DNA Methylation Levels and Reproductive Success in a Marine Copepod
by Anais Guyon, Kirsty F. Smith, Maria P. Charry, Olivier Champeau and Louis A. Tremblay
J. Xenobiot. 2018, 8(1), 7674; https://doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2018.7674 (registering DOI) - 29 Oct 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1589
Abstract
The UV-filter benzophenone and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac are commonly detected in the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the multigenerational effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of these chemicals on toxicity and DNA methylation levels in the copepod Gladioferens [...] Read more.
The UV-filter benzophenone and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac are commonly detected in the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the multigenerational effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of these chemicals on toxicity and DNA methylation levels in the copepod Gladioferens pectinatus. Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the sensitivity of G. pectinatus to the chemicals. All chemicals impacted breeding, hatching and egg viability. Diclofenac (1 mg.L−1) reduced the number of eggs per gravid female. Benzophenone (0.5 mg.L−1) decreased egg hatching success. Exposure to the reference toxicant copper (0.02 mg.L−1) led to unsuccessful hatching. Effects on DNA methylation was estimated by the percentage of 5-methylcytosine. The treatments resulted in strong differences in DNA methylation with increased methylation in the exposed animals. The two chemicals impacted both egg viability and the induction of differential DNA methylation, suggesting potential intra- and trans-generational evolutionary effects. Full article
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