Probabilistic Load Flow Analysis Using Nonparametric Distribution
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsWe are dealing with an original article demonstrating impressive results of empirical research, carried out in an understandable methodology and with practical effects.
However, there is one significant dilemma that does not allow me to immediately decide whether to accept this article for publication. The fact is that the authors submitted their manuscript to the Sustainability journal. However, from the content of the article it is not clear how it corresponds to the scientific profile of the journal.
Authors should be careful to demonstrate what issues of sustainable development this article is devoted to and how it correlates with issues of sustainability. This should be done in the Introduction, expanding the literature review, and in the Conclusion, which must be strengthened by showing the theoretical and practical contribution of the study.
However, it seems to me more correct to redirect this article to a more specialized journal. For example, the Energies journal is perfect for publishing this manuscript. In this case I guess that the article can be published quickly and with minimal comments.
Small notes of a different kind:
- on the first page please indicate the type of the paper (obviously this is an original article)
- try to avoid empty spaces and gaps between figures and text (such as on pages 11 and 12)
- tell in more detail about the object of study (within the power system of which region the experiments were carried out, what are the characteristics of this power system)
- there are many abbreviations in the text - please make a separate section “List of Abbreviations” at the end of the article
Author Response
Reviewer 1
Ans:
My research paper entitled '' Probabilistic Load Flow Analysis using nonparametric distributions'' investigates the use of nonparametric distributions in probabilistic load forecasting (PLF) for renewable energy sources. I believe that this research aligns well with the journal's focus on sustainability, as it contributes to the development of more accurate and efficient forecasting methods for renewable energy, which is essential for the transition to a sustainable energy future. Specific contributions of my research to sustainability goals:
- Develops a novel PLF method using nonparametric distributions, which can better capture the complex and uncertain nature of renewable energy data.
- Demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive simulations and real-world case studies.
- Provides a valuable tool for grid operators and renewable energy producers to improve their forecasting accuracy and make more informed decisions.
I am confident that my research will be of interest to the Sustainability journal's readership and will make a significant contribution to the field of renewable energy forecasting. I have carefully reviewed the journal's guidelines for authors and have prepared my manuscript accordingly. I have also ensured that my research adheres to the journal's ethical standards.
Ans. 1
The type of the article has been updated in the paper.
Ans. 2
The empty spaces has been removed. And draft is updated.
Ans. 3
The primary objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of the existing power network upon the integration of sustainable energy sources, specifically solar and wind. The focus area of the research pertains to power system operation and control. The investigation is conducted on the IEEE standard test systems.
Ans. 4
The abstract and introduction extensively use full forms for various terms, but abbreviations are employed later to streamline the text. Consequently, a separate list of abbreviations at the end is deemed unnecessary, as all terms are adequately explained within the main text. However, if to provide the separate list of abbreviation is the requirement of journal than we will provide this list separate later.
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe research content of this paper is comprehensive, but the paper lacks proper organization and the innovations are not clearly specified. The following modification suggestions may be helpful to the authors:
1. The introduction section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various parametric and non-parametric methods, yet the issues, methods, and corresponding rationales of this study are not addressed. Besides, the innovations of this paper are suggested to be summarized.
2. The presentation of equations and their integration with the surrounding text is not sufficiently standardized, and all symbols require explanations. For instance, the inconsistency between the use of "hop" in line 163 and "hop" in equation 9 is noted, and equation 12 contains an extra "?".
3. This paper concerns the uncertainty problem using the machine learning method. It is suggested to include some latest survey paper in Introduction to reflect the latest progress in this field. See “Machine Learning and Data-Driven Techniques for the Control of SmartPower Generation Systems: An Uncertainty Handling Perspective”.
4. There are some grammatical errors or informal expression within the text. The authors are advised to carefully review and rectify them, such as the "And" in line 163 and "problem first" in line 177, and the "Input random variable is modelled … was carried out" in abstract. Additionally, there are many short paragraphs, which may need some appropriate adjustments.
5. It appears that lines 209-225 could be organized into an algorithmic format. The section 3 is relatively short, and it may need to be expanded or merged with other sections. It appears that the content from Section 4 to Section 6 could be considered for consolidation.
6. Typically, figures and tables should follow the corresponding descriptions in the main text. Besides, both the quality and titles of them need improvement. The content in all tables requires detailed explanations. The style of the figures needs to be standardized.
7. In the process of probability density estimation, data from 0 to 10 MW is ignored. Whether this part of the data has any influence on the result should be discussed.
8. The MCS method with 20000 samples is compared to the LHS and HMC with 1000 samples. The reason for this needs further explanation.
Comments on the Quality of English Languagemajor
Author Response
Reviewer 2
Ans. 1
In the introduction section various methos was discussed with their advantages and disadvantage to show the significance of proposed technique. From line 61-85, with proper citation literature techniques was discussed. In the second last paragraph of introduction section describe the innovation and contribution of this research. However, the introduction section is revised more carefully for the attractiveness of readers. The innovation and contribution of this research already discussed in abstract section.
Ans. 2
All the equations are inserted using MS word. To best of my knowledge all the symbols and constants have been mentioned in the main text after equation. The ''hop'' and other issues have been revised in paper. While I was unable to find extra ''?" in eq. (12). Equation 12 and 13 are used to find out errors.
Ans. 3
Most recent published articles are cited in introduction section to find out the problem. If we will add more papers, it will become tedious for readers.
Ans. 4
Paper is reviewed carefully to rectify the Grammatical and sentence correction as per suggestions of reviews. Short paragraphs/sections are revised or merged to create interest for readers.
Ans. 5
We could use an algorithm, but to keep things simple for reader, I've written it in a way that's easy to understand. Section 4 describe the more detail of results with figures and tables, section 6 is conclusion that should be short.
Ans. 6
All the figures and table values are explained in main text immediately after figure or table. Further explanation can be added for reviewers demand but paper length become more lengthy. All the figures are in standard JPEG format and taken from MATLAB software.
Ans. 7
The explanation has been added on reviewers' suggestion. The data is disregarded as it represents zero values, specifically during night time when solar power generation is nonexistent. Since it does not affect system performance, its inclusion has no impact on the results. While it can be included, doing so would serve no meaningful purpose.
Ans. 8
The reasons is already explained in main text. However,
The MCS method requires a larger sample size for convergence compared to sampling techniques like LHS and HMC. This is because MCS is a brute-force method that randomly selects samples, while LHS and HMC use more sophisticated methods to distribute samples evenly throughout the distribution of interest. As a result, LHS and HMC can produce accurate results with much smaller sample sizes than MCS. MCS method is used here as a benchmark. MCS method is much accurate but with large sample size mean computation burden.
Reviewer 3 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThis paper approaches the problem of load flow analysis in electric power systems based on a probabilistic nonparametric distribution model.
The content of the paper is highly theoretical, the results and discussion section presenting only probabilistic data. However, results presented by the authors support the efficacy of the proposed method as compared to other conventional ones.
The authors should insist on the presentation of the original contributions of the paper with more clarity and more details.
Author Response
File Attached
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 4 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThis paper studies probabilistic load flow analysis using nonparametric distribution, the idea is good with the following are my comments:
1. When I received this paper, some parts are marked in red, I did not review the first version and the following are my new comments
2. The introduction is still not enough and deep. The introduction section should be enriched with more insights from the current research status.
3. It would be better that all the references are new and updated enough, more recent, and related references should be cited, besides, some references published more than 5 years can be replaced.
4. In the literature review section, the following latin hypercube method can be compared (not mine): Risk-averse restoration of coupled power and water systems with small pumped-hydro storage and stochastic rooftop renewables and Research on risk assessment method of distribution network with distributed generation based on latin hypercube sampling.
5. The figure plotting should be improved such as Fig. 1-3.
6. Since the sampling method is considered, why not use stochastic programming method.
7. The English should be improved.
8. The conclusions are not enough, and future works should also be enriched.
Comments on the Quality of English Languagecan be improved
Author Response
File Attached
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsOkay, now the article meets the Journal's requirements. Thanks to the authors for the work done and good luck in further research.
Author Response
File Attached
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe revised paper is satisfactory. I have some minor comments:
1) The innovations are suggested to be included in the Introduction .
2) Avoid using screenshots in the paper. Please use the original figures from matlab.
3) The tables should be organized as of three lines form.
4) It is suggested to include some latest litrature review paper on this topic. See "Machine Learning and Data-Driven Techniques for the Control of SmartPower Generation Systems: An Uncertainty Handling Perspective".
5) Language should be retouched.
Comments on the Quality of English Languagemajor
Author Response
File attached
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
