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Sustainability
Volume 17
Issue 3
10.3390/su17031100
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price

by
Zhaojie Wang
1,2,*,
Feifeng Zheng
3 and
Ming Liu
4
1
Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2
Merchants’ Guild Economics and Cultural Intelligent Computing Laboratory, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3
Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
4
School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031100
Submission received: 28 October 2024 / Revised: 20 December 2024 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 29 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Energy Saving in Sustainable Transportation Engineering)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To advance sustainable transportation solutions, this work investigates an electric vehicle charging scheduling problem under the uncertainty of vehicle arrival times. Given a set of appointed electric vehicles, the objective of the considered problem is to explore charging strategies that minimize the total charging cost for the charging station. To address this problem, this work first establishes a mixed-integer programming model. Then, an enhanced sample average approximation approach alongside two versions of distribution-free approaches are applied to solve the studied problem. Additionally, this study introduces a BP neural network-enhanced distribution-free approach to efficiently resolve the problem. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Keywords: charging scheduling; electric vehicles; uncertain arrival times; distribution-free; numerical experiments charging scheduling; electric vehicles; uncertain arrival times; distribution-free; numerical experiments

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Z.; Zheng, F.; Liu, M. Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price. Sustainability 2025, 17, 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031100

AMA Style

Wang Z, Zheng F, Liu M. Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price. Sustainability. 2025; 17(3):1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031100

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Zhaojie, Feifeng Zheng, and Ming Liu. 2025. "Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price" Sustainability 17, no. 3: 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031100

APA Style

Wang, Z., Zheng, F., & Liu, M. (2025). Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price. Sustainability, 17(3), 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031100

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