Assessing the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Laboratory Analysis
2.4. Data Collection and Definitions
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Background Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Literature Findings
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | <6 Years (n = 70) | 6–12 Years (n = 65) | 12–18 Years (n = 59) | Total (n = 194) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 15.1 ± 1.8 | 9.6 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
Gender (Male), n (%) | 36 (51.4%) | 34 (52.3%) | 30 (50.8%) | 100 (51.5%) | 0.987 |
BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m²) | 15.9 ± 1.8 | 18.1 ± 2.5 | 21.7 ± 3.2 | 18.3 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
Overweight/Obese, n (%) | 8 (11.4%) | 12 (18.5%) | 14 (23.7%) | 34 (17.5%) | 0.182 |
Sun Exposure (>30 min/day), n (%) | 50 (71.4%) | 40 (61.5%) | 35 (59.3%) | 125 (64.4%) | 0.301 |
Daily Sunscreen Use, n (%) | 20 (28.6%) | 18 (27.7%) | 15 (25.4%) | 53 (27.3%) | 9.920 |
Age Group | Vitamin D Supplementation Concentration | n | Mean Serum 25-OHD (ng/mL) ± SD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
<6 years | 0.0041 | |||
<400 IU/week | 25 | 18.2 ± 4.5 | ||
400–800 IU/week | 25 | 24.5 ± 5.0 | ||
>800 IU/week | 20 | 33.0 ± 6.2 | ||
6–12 years | <0.001 | |||
<400 IU/week | 25 | 17.5 ± 3.8 | ||
400–800 IU/week | 24 | 23.8 ± 4.6 | ||
>800 IU/week | 16 | 31.5 ± 5.8 | ||
12–18 years | <0.001 | |||
<400 IU/week | 20 | 16.8 ± 3.5 | ||
400–800 IU/week | 15 | 22.5 ± 4.2 | ||
>800 IU/week | 24 | 29.8 ± 5.5 |
Variables (Mean ± SD) | 1 Time (n = 74) | 2–3 Times (n = 89) | >3 Times (n = 52) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
<400 IU/week | 70 | 42 | 60.00% | |
400–800 IU/week | 64 | 28 | 43.80% | |
>800 IU/week | 60 | 10 | 16.70% | |
Total | 194 | 80 | 41.20% | <0.001 |
Serum 25-OHD (ng/mL) ± SD | n | Number with ≥2 Infections | Percentage (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
<400 IU/week | 70 | 43 | 61.4% | |
400–800 IU/week | 64 | 27 | 42.2% | |
>800 IU/week | 60 | 10 | 16.7% | |
Total | 194 | 80 | 41.2% | <0.001 |
Age Group | Serum 25-OHD (ng/mL) ± SD | n | Number with ≥2 Infections | Percentage (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<6 years | <400 IU/week | 25 | 16 | 64.00% | |
400–800 IU/week | 25 | 10 | 40.00% | ||
>800 IU/week | 20 | 4 | 20.00% | ||
Total | 70 | 30 | 42.90% | 0.002 | |
6–12 years | <400 IU/week | 25 | 15 | 60.00% | |
400–800 IU/week | 24 | 10 | 41.70% | ||
>800 IU/week | 16 | 3 | 18.80% | ||
Total | 65 | 28 | 43.10% | 0.016 | |
12–18 years | <400 IU/week | 20 | 11 | 55.00% | |
400–800 IU/week | 15 | 8 | 53.30% | ||
>800 IU/week | 24 | 3 | 12.50% | ||
Total | 59 | 22 | 37.30% | 0.033 |
Variable | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | p-Value |
Vitamin D Supplementation (>800 IU/week) | 0.28 | 0.12–0.52 | <0.001 |
Serum 25-OHD (>30 ng/mL) | 0.23 | 0.10–0.49 | <0.001 |
Age Group (6–12 years) | 1.05 | 0.63–1.84 | 0.866 |
Age Group (12–18 years) | 1.08 | 0.55–1.83 | 0.915 |
BMI (Overweight/Obese) | 1.21 | 0.68–2.23 | 0.562 |
Sun Exposure (>30 min/day) | 0.94 | 0.50–1.62 | 0.741 |
Daily Sunscreen Use | 1.19 | 0.61–2.07 | 0.763 |
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Tanase, E.; Marusca, L.M.; Horhat, F.G.; Susan, M.; Susan, R.; Horhat, R.; Dinu, S.; Dragomir, T.-L.; Tanasescu, S. Assessing the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223953
Tanase E, Marusca LM, Horhat FG, Susan M, Susan R, Horhat R, Dinu S, Dragomir T-L, Tanasescu S. Assessing the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(22):3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223953
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanase, Elena, Larisa Mihaela Marusca, Florin George Horhat, Monica Susan, Razvan Susan, Razvan Horhat, Stefania Dinu, Tiberiu-Liviu Dragomir, and Sonia Tanasescu. 2024. "Assessing the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study" Nutrients 16, no. 22: 3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223953
APA StyleTanase, E., Marusca, L. M., Horhat, F. G., Susan, M., Susan, R., Horhat, R., Dinu, S., Dragomir, T. -L., & Tanasescu, S. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 16(22), 3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223953