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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 23
10.3390/nu16234002
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Systematic Review

Does the Ketogenic Diet Mediate Inflammation Markers in Obese and Overweight Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

by
Mariangela Rondanelli
1,
Clara Gasparri
2,*,
Martina Pirola
2,
Gaetan Claude Barrile
2,
Alessia Moroni
2,
Ignacio Sajoux
3 and
Simone Perna
4,*
1
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
3
Scientific Officer, PronoKal Group, 08009 Barcelona, Spain
4
Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4002; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234002
Submission received: 15 October 2024 / Revised: 19 November 2024 / Accepted: 20 November 2024 / Published: 22 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Impact of Ketogenic Diet)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives. The ketogenic diet has emerged as a potential treatment strategy for reducing inflammation. The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to look into how a ketogenic diet affects inflammatory biomarkers in persons who are overweight or obese. Methods. We conducted an extensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find pertinent studies reporting changes in inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and cytokines after a ketogenic diet. Results. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 218 overweight or obese individuals who followed a ketogenic or control diet over 8 weeks to 2 years were included in the review, and five of those were considered for the meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were CRP and IL-6 levels. The results reported significant decreases after treatment for CRP (mean of −0.62 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.84, −0,40), and a slight, but not statistically significant, reduction in IL-6 (mean of −1.31 pg/mL (95% CI: −2.86, 0.25). Conclusions. The ketogenic diet could contribute to modulating inflammation in obese and overweight subjects.
Keywords: ketogenic diet; inflammation; obesity; ketones; CRP ketogenic diet; inflammation; obesity; ketones; CRP

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rondanelli, M.; Gasparri, C.; Pirola, M.; Barrile, G.C.; Moroni, A.; Sajoux, I.; Perna, S. Does the Ketogenic Diet Mediate Inflammation Markers in Obese and Overweight Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2024, 16, 4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234002

AMA Style

Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Pirola M, Barrile GC, Moroni A, Sajoux I, Perna S. Does the Ketogenic Diet Mediate Inflammation Markers in Obese and Overweight Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2024; 16(23):4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rondanelli, Mariangela, Clara Gasparri, Martina Pirola, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Alessia Moroni, Ignacio Sajoux, and Simone Perna. 2024. "Does the Ketogenic Diet Mediate Inflammation Markers in Obese and Overweight Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials" Nutrients 16, no. 23: 4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234002

APA Style

Rondanelli, M., Gasparri, C., Pirola, M., Barrile, G. C., Moroni, A., Sajoux, I., & Perna, S. (2024). Does the Ketogenic Diet Mediate Inflammation Markers in Obese and Overweight Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 16(23), 4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234002

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