Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. AFB1 Exposure Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Included Participants
3.2. Serum AFB1-ALB Adduct Levels, Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC Concentrations and Anemia Prevalence
3.3. Associations between AFB1 Exposure and Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC Levels
3.4. The Association between AFB1 Exposure and Maternal Anemia Risk
3.5. The Association between AFB1 Exposure and Risk of Different Anemia Types
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
---|---|
Mothers | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.84 ± 2.53 |
Ethnic | |
Zhuang | 578 (93.8) |
Han | 38 (6.2) |
Gravidity | |
Primigravida | 126 (20.5) |
Multigravida | 490 (79.5) |
Parity | |
0 | 227 (36.9) |
≥1 | 389 (63.1) |
Pre-pregnancy folic acid supplement | |
No | 537 (87.2) |
Yes | 79 (12.8) |
Alcohol consumption pre-pregnancy | |
No | 582 (94.5) |
Yes | 34 (5.5) |
Passive smoking in early pregnancy | |
No | 330 (53.6) |
Yes | 286 (46.4) |
Regular physical activity | |
No | 361 (58.6) |
Yes | 255 (41.4) |
Maternal age (years) | 28.80 ± 5.66 |
Infants | |
Infant gender | |
Boy | 330 (53.6) |
Girl | 286 (46.4) |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38.67 ± 1.60 |
Birth weight (g) | 3089.89 ± 428.39 |
Birth length (cm) | 49.94 ± 1.92 |
LBW | 34 (5.5) |
SGA | 94 (15.3) |
LGA | 43 (7.0) |
Variables | First Trimester (n = 303) | Second Trimester (n = 329) | Third Trimester (n = 300) |
---|---|---|---|
Hb (g/L) | 118.86 ± 12.36 | 113.37 ± 10.58 | 115.48 ± 11.97 |
MCV (fl) | 85.48 ± 9.45 | 88.12 ± 8.66 | 87.29 ± 7.80 |
MCH (pg) | 28.11 ± 3.64 | 28.69 ± 3.21 | 27.98 ± 3.06 |
MCHC (g/L) | 328.51 ± 10.96 | 324.17 ± 11.03 | 319.95 ± 11.44 |
Anemia (n%) | 58 (19.1) | 113 (34.3) | 86 (28.7) |
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Lei, L.; Liu, S.; Ye, Y.; Qiu, X.; Huang, D.; Pan, D.; Chen, J.; Qian, Z.; McMillin, S.E.; Vaughn, M.G.; et al. Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China. Toxins 2021, 13, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110806
Lei L, Liu S, Ye Y, Qiu X, Huang D, Pan D, Chen J, Qian Z, McMillin SE, Vaughn MG, et al. Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China. Toxins. 2021; 13(11):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110806
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei, Lei, Shun Liu, Ye Ye, Xiaoqiang Qiu, Dongping Huang, Dongxiang Pan, Jiehua Chen, Zhengmin Qian, Stephen Edward McMillin, Michael G. Vaughn, and et al. 2021. "Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China" Toxins 13, no. 11: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110806
APA StyleLei, L., Liu, S., Ye, Y., Qiu, X., Huang, D., Pan, D., Chen, J., Qian, Z., McMillin, S. E., Vaughn, M. G., Luo, X., Wu, K., Xiao, S., Li, J., Liu, M., Yang, Y., Lai, M., Dong, G., & Zeng, X. (2021). Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China. Toxins, 13(11), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110806