Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Muscle Proteins
3. Marine Collagen
4. Fish Gelatin
5. Chitin and Chitosan
6. Technological Properties of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Waste for Food Packaging
7. Applications in Food Packaging
7.1. Applications of Biopolymers from Muscle Proteins in Food Packaging
Fish Waste Source (Starting Material) | Protein Type and Content (%) | T (mm) | TS (MPa) | EAB (%) | WVP (× 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) | S (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whitemouth croaker | myofibrillar | 0.132 | 5.41 | 251 | 2.5 | 31 | [41] |
Yellow stripe trevally | protein isolate/gelatin blend | 0.036 | 13.98 | 64 | 3.3 | 42 | [42] |
Argentine anchovy | protein isolate | 0.113 | 0.6 | 28 | 11.6 | 45 | [45] |
King weakfish | myofibrillar/gelatin blend | 0.106 | 6.5 | 384 | 2.7 | 27 | [144] |
Gilded catfish | myofibrillar proteins | 0.033 | 4.9 | 178 | 6.4 | 19 | [12] |
Sardine | proteins from bones, heads, guts, and fins | 0.21 | 0.34 | - | - | [145] | |
Tilapia | myofibrillar protein/sorbitol | 0.014 | 12.5 | 66 | 3.0 | 63 | [48] |
Catfish | 0.17 | 1.27 | 88 | 7.7 | 15 | [4] | |
Silver carp | myofibrillar/glycerol/tannic acid | 0.06 | 3.9 | 94 | 15 | 2 | [44] |
Whitemouth croaker | 10% | 0.114 | 4.2 | 28 | 8.6 | 100 | [139] |
PVC film | - | 0.010 | 46.9 | 268 | 3.1 | - | [46] |
7.2. Applications of Marine Collagen in Food Packaging
Fish Waste Source | T (mm) | TS (MPa) | EAB (%) | WVP (g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) | S (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starry triggerfish A. stellatus (skin) | [57] | |||||
acid solubilized | 29 | 47 | 28 | 4.8 × 10−10 | ||
pepsin solubilized | 29 | 34 | 40 | 6.6 × 10−10 | ||
Unicorn leatherjacket Aluterus Monoceros (skin) | 21 | 25 | 15 | 3.0 × 10−10 | [147] | |
Blend with chitosan CG/CH (8:2) | 31 | 20 | 24 | 4.5 × 10−10 | ||
Blend with soy protein isolate CG/SPI (8:2) | 28 | 40 | 8 | 2.4 × 10−10 | ||
Smooth-hound Mustelus mustelus (skin) Collagen-chitosan film 25:75 | 16 | 66 | 4 | 18 | [148] | |
Fish skin collagen (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co) Collagen/sodium alginate (10:2) | 32 | 26 | 65 | 1.7 × 10−10 | [129] |
7.3. Applications of Fish Gelatin in Food Packaging
7.4. Applications of Chitosan in Food Packaging
7.5. Applications of Biopolymers from Fish Scales in Food Packaging
8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biopolymer from Fish Waste | Application | Advantages | Disadvantages | Problem Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Myofibrillar protein | edible films | Functional properties with antioxidants, vitamins and coloring agents | Low mechanical properties | Gelatin addition Plasticizer addition |
Marine Collagen | edible films and coatings | Low cost | Low thermal stability Poor mechanical properties | Blending with biopolymers |
Fish gelatin | edible films and coatings | Good film-forming properties Low cost Biocompatibility | High hygroscopicity Low barrier properties Low mechanical strength | Cross-linking Nanofillers Blending with biopolymers |
Chitosan | edible films | Biocompatibility Low cost Antimicrobial properties | Low barrier properties Low mechanical properties | Cross-linking Nanofillers Blending with biopolymers |
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Lionetto, F.; Esposito Corcione, C. Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging. Polymers 2021, 13, 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142337
Lionetto F, Esposito Corcione C. Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging. Polymers. 2021; 13(14):2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142337
Chicago/Turabian StyleLionetto, Francesca, and Carola Esposito Corcione. 2021. "Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging" Polymers 13, no. 14: 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142337
APA StyleLionetto, F., & Esposito Corcione, C. (2021). Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging. Polymers, 13(14), 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142337