Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout Based on Visual Modflow
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hydrogeological Survey of the Study Area
2.1. Water-Filled Aquifer
2.2. Arrangement of Drill Sockets and Hydrophobic Boreholes
3. The Variation Law and Influencing Factors of Underground Borehole Drainage Water Quantity
3.1. Dynamic Variation Law of Borehole Water Inflow with Time
3.2. Generalized Gray Correlation Analysis
3.3. Factors Affecting the Water Yield of the Hydrophobic Borehole
4. Establish a Numerical Model of Groundwater Flow
4.1. Model Boundary Condition
- (1)
- Taking the 2089 lower working face as the shallow boundary, the 2089 lower face was completed in 2012. The study area of the coal seam 8 roof aquifer flows freely to the goaf of the haulage road, which is the constant head outflow boundary. The water head value adopts the elevation value of the coal seam 8 floor and decreases from NE to SW.
- (2)
- The −950 contour line of the coal seam 8 floor and the fault F18 are the deep boundaries. The coal seam 8 roof aquifer runs from NW to SE and is the mining area confluence. The boundary is the inflow boundary, which is far away from the mining area, and the groundwater level drops more evenly, which is the constant flow inflow boundary. The strike of the F18 fault is perpendicular to the direction of groundwater runoff. Depending on the understanding of 3D seismic exploration and production practice, most of the faults in the Donghuantuo Mine are transverse water-resisting faults, so the section of the F18 fault is the 0 flow boundary of water-resisting.
- (3)
- The cutting hole along the formation trend line of the 3085 working face is used as the WS boundary. The boundary is basically consistent with the flow direction of groundwater, which is the inflow boundary with a small flow. However, there are few mining projects in the southern part of the boundary, the water level is higher than that in the study area, and the flow rate increases at the southern end.
- (4)
- Taking the stop line of the 3085 working face along the stratigraphic dip line as the NE boundary, the northern area is a syncline axis and a steeply inclined wing, which is strongly affected by the 3088 working face and the north second mining area. The runoff direction is consistent with the boundary, which is a small flow boundary.
4.2. Generalization of Aquifer and Aquiclude
4.3. Establishment of Geometric Model
4.4. Model Identification and Verification
5. Simulation and Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Influencing Factor | Gray Absolute Correlation Degree | Gray Relative Correlation Degree | Comprehensive Correlation Degree |
---|---|---|---|
The elevation of the borehole (m) | 0.50005 | 0.50381 | 0.50193 |
The azimuth angle of drilling (°) | 0.50015 | 0.53886 | 0.51951 |
The dip angle of drilling (°) | 0.50041 | 0.50567 | 0.50304 |
The elevation of the final hole (m) | 0.50006 | 0.50381 | 0.50194 |
The sharp angle between the formation and the direction of drilling (°) | 0.50062 | 0.56743 | 0.53402 |
The depth of the final hole (m) | 0.51283 | 0.52856 | 0.52069 |
The aquifer thickness (m) | 0.50532 | 0.70263 | 0.60397 |
Level Number | Comprehensive Lithology | Average Thickness/m | Maximum Thickness/m |
---|---|---|---|
The 24th strong aquifer layer | Medium sandstone and fine sandstone | 2.86 | 8.30 |
The 22nd strong aquifer layer | Sandstone with a small amount of siltstone | 2.00 | 10.20 |
The 20th strong aquifer layer | Sandstone with a small amount of siltstone | 3.30 | 7.35 |
The 16th strong aquifer layer | Medium sandstone and fine sandstone | 6.33 | 20.47 |
The 14th strong aquifer layer | Medium sandstone and fine sandstone | 6.26 | 27.21 |
The 7th strong aquifer layer | Medium sandstone and fine sandstone | 5.52 | 13.30 |
The 3rd strong aquifer layer | Medium sandstone and fine sandstone | 4.88 | 25.50 |
The 26th aquifer layer | Fine sandstone | 1.41 | 5.28 |
The 13th aquifer layer | Fine sandstone with a small amount of clay or siltstone | 3.08 | 8.70 |
The 10th aquifer layer | Fine sandstone | 0.46 | 2.80 |
The 5th aquifer layer | Fine sandstone | 5.23 | 10.83 |
The 27th weak permeable layer | Siltstone with mudstone | 4.37 | 10.30 |
The 25th weak permeable layer | Siltstone with mudstone | 7.51 | 22.59 |
The 23rd weak permeable layer | Siltstone with mudstone | 1.35 | 6.40 |
The 19th weak permeable layer | Siltstone with coal or clay | 3.13 | 10.77 |
The 17th weak permeable layer | Siltstone | 1.57 | 8.39 |
The 15th weak permeable layer | Siltstone with coal | 1.59 | 10.98 |
The 12th weak permeable layer | Siltstone | 3.62 | 11.30 |
The 8th weak permeable layer | Siltstone | 11.65 | 22.80 |
The 4th weak permeable layer | Siltstone | 3.57 | 11.60 |
The 2nd weak permeable layer | Siltstone | 2.02 | 5.50 |
The 21st aquiclude layer | Siltstone with clay | 3.50 | 25.80 |
The 18th aquiclude layer | Coal and clay | 1.11 | 6.98 |
The 11th aquiclude layer | Coal and clay | 1.55 | 8.25 |
The 9th aquiclude layer | Coal and clay | 5.50 | 20.75 |
The 6th aquiclude layer | Coal and clay | 5.32 | 22.53 |
The 1st aquiclude layer | Coal and clay | 2.33 | 11.36 |
Observed Time | Observing Water Level/m | Calculated Water Level/m | Error Value/m | Error Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
41 | −469.47 | −469.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
51 | −469.82 | −469.79 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
61 | −470.1 | −470.30 | −0.20 | 0.04 |
71 | −470.25 | −470.77 | −0.52 | 0.11 |
81 | −470.3 | −471.37 | −1.07 | 0.23 |
92 | −470.4 | −471.81 | −1.41 | 0.30 |
102 | −470.43 | −472.30 | −1.87 | 0.40 |
112 | −470.46 | −472.77 | −2.31 | 0.49 |
122 | −470.68 | −473.11 | −2.43 | 0.52 |
184 | −474.03 | −478.54 | −4.51 | 0.95 |
194 | −473.04 | −478.84 | −5.80 | 1.23 |
202 | −473.96 | −479.72 | −5.76 | 1.22 |
212 | −474.56 | −480.51 | −5.95 | 1.25 |
222 | −474.25 | −481.00 | −6.75 | 1.42 |
231 | −475.05 | −481.85 | −6.80 | 1.43 |
243 | −475.5 | −482.52 | −7.02 | 1.48 |
253 | −479.31 | −487.12 | −7.81 | 1.63 |
263 | −483.54 | −487.72 | −4.18 | 0.86 |
273 | −486.19 | −488.00 | −1.81 | 0.37 |
283 | −487.32 | −488.31 | −0.99 | 0.20 |
293 | −488.05 | −488.65 | −0.60 | 0.12 |
304 | −487.86 | −489.23 | −1.37 | 0.28 |
314 | −486.78 | −489.51 | −2.73 | 0.56 |
324 | −485.71 | −490.11 | −4.40 | 0.91 |
334 | −485.43 | −490.13 | −4.70 | 0.97 |
344 | −485.26 | −490.18 | −4.92 | 1.01 |
354 | −485.44 | −490.41 | −4.97 | 1.02 |
365 | −485.24 | −490.48 | −5.24 | 1.08 |
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Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Ma, Y.; Meng, F. Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout Based on Visual Modflow. Water 2024, 16, 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182613
Li Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Meng F. Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout Based on Visual Modflow. Water. 2024; 16(18):2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182613
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yue, Yunpeng Zhang, Yajie Ma, and Fangang Meng. 2024. "Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout Based on Visual Modflow" Water 16, no. 18: 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182613
APA StyleLi, Y., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., & Meng, F. (2024). Optimization of Advance Drainage Borehole Layout Based on Visual Modflow. Water, 16(18), 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182613