Stakeholder Perspectives on the Role of Social Media in Urban Green Space, Land Management, and Resilience in Gilgit-Baltistan

Abstract

The primary focus of this study is to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on how social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter influence land management practices and community engagement. Employing a qualitative methodology, this research delves into the complex interactions facilitated by social media, using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, collaboration, empowerment, and awareness-raising among stakeholders such as local authorities, community members, environmental activists, and urban planners. The findings reveal that social media significantly enhances transparent communication channels, fosters collaboration among stakeholders, empowers local communities, and raises awareness about the importance of urban green spaces. However, challenges such as connectivity and literacy barriers persist, alongside opportunities for greater involvement and innovation. This study emphasizes the critical role of digital platforms in advancing sustainable land management practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders. Future research should explore specific communication strategies, the impact of social influencers, and the integration of emerging technologies in urban planning. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of how social media can support the development of environmentally friendly and resilient communities.

1. Introduction

The emergence of social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter has significantly transformed the way people communicate, participate with communities, and support advocacy initiatives. These platforms play a crucial role in spreading information, encouraging public involvement, and promoting joint efforts, especially in areas such as urban development and environmental protection. The junction of these two aspects is particularly crucial in Gilgit-Baltistan, a region located amidst the magnificent peaks of the Himalayas and Karakoram ranges. In this context, the delicate equilibrium between the swift process of urbanization and the imperative of safeguarding the environment gives rise to distinctive difficulties and prospects [1].

Urban green spaces are crucial for improving the quality of life and environmental sustainability in cities. They provide vital oxygen, help prevent environmental damage, and contribute to the well-being of the community. The preservation and management of Gilgit-Baltistan’s natural landscapes and biodiversity are particularly vital. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to adopt a thorough strategy that combines effective land management techniques, well-informed decision-making procedures, and the active involvement of the community.

This study examines the stakeholders’ perspectives on the complex relationships between social media, urban green spaces, land management, and resilience in the specific context of Gilgit-Baltistan. The objective is to investigate how platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter might be utilized to promote sustainable urban development and enhance resilience in the face of environmental difficulties. This study explores viewpoints from a range of stakeholders, such as municipal officials, community members, environmental campaigners, and urban planners [2].

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate existing urban green space management techniques in Gilgit-Baltistan through an examination of stakeholder insights. The objective is to identify significant opportunities and challenges related to using social media platforms for this objective. Moreover, this research aims to suggest practical approaches for incorporating these platforms into land management frameworks, improving urban resilience. The main objective of this research is to provide insights on the relationship between technology, land management, and environmental stewardship in mountainous regions like Gilgit-Baltistan [3].

Beyond the regional focus, this study extends its relevance to global contexts. Urban areas worldwide are increasingly grappling with the pressures of development while striving to maintain and enhance green spaces that are vital for ecological balance, public health, and community well-being. By drawing on the experiences and strategies employed in Gilgit-Baltistan, this research aims to provide actionable insights and practical strategies that can be adapted to other urban settings globally.

1.1. Research Gap

Although the importance of social media in maintaining urban green spaces is increasingly acknowledged, there is a distinct lack of qualitative studies that particularly examine its use in remote and mountainous areas like Gilgit-Baltistan [4,5]. Most scholarly publications focus on metropolitan areas or make generalizations based on studies completed in different locations, ignoring the specific difficulties and benefits that come with isolated landscapes. This study seeks to address this research void by examining the stakeholders’ perspectives on the influence of social media on land management practices in Gilgit-Baltistan, offering a holistic comprehension that incorporates the viewpoints and experiences of local stakeholders. By filling this void, this research adds to a more sophisticated comprehension of how digital platforms may efficiently facilitate sustainable land management in geographically distinct circumstances [6,7].

1.2. Validity and Reliability

Ensuring the validity and reliability of qualitative research in this setting necessitates the implementation of many rigorous methodologies. In order to increase the credibility of this study, the technique of member checking is used. This involves giving the respondents the opportunity to confirm the accuracy of the interpretations made by the researchers, thus guaranteeing that their viewpoints are in line with the conclusions of this study. This iterative procedure enhances the reliability of the findings derived from the data, reducing researcher bias and improving the accuracy of insights into the influence of social media on the management of urban green spaces [8].

Furthermore, peer debriefing is essential for ensuring reliability since it promotes a culture of critical reflection within the research team. This method allows for the ongoing examination of data interpretation, aiding in the detection of and reduction in any biases that may impact this study’s reliability. Furthermore, the use of multiple data sources, including input from various stakeholders such as government officials and private sector representatives, strengthens the reliability of the findings by confirming them from different viewpoints. This approach also enhances the strength of the conclusions about the stakeholders’ perspectives on the impact of social media on land management practices.

Figure 1 shows the study area of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

2. Literature Review

2.1. Overview of Urban Green Spaces and Land Management

Urban green spaces are essential elements of urban environments, including parks, gardens, and other areas with vegetation, which offer several advantages to both residents and the environment. In addition to their visual attractiveness, these areas serve crucial ecological functions, functioning as essential sources of greenery within urban areas [3]. Urban green areas attenuate the urban heat island effect by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. This helps to cool metropolitan surroundings and decrease energy usage for cooling. Moreover, they function as innate purifiers, enhancing air quality by trapping pollutants and particle matter. This is particularly vital in heavily populated urban regions where air pollution levels are frequently above suggested limits. Additionally, urban green areas play a crucial role in supporting a wide range of plant and animal species, hence enhancing urban biodiversity and ecological resilience [9].

Given the fast growth of cities and the various demands for land usage, it is crucial to implement efficient land management strategies to protect and sustainably utilize urban green spaces. This involves meticulous strategizing, development, and upkeep to maximize the environmental, societal, and financial advantages of green areas while catering to the varied requirements of city dwellers. Implementing strategies such as the creation of green infrastructure, protection of biodiversity, and adoption of sustainable landscaping practices can improve the ability of urban green areas to withstand environmental pressures and ensure their long-term sustainability. In addition, integrating concepts of fair access and community involvement into land management procedures helps cultivate a feeling of possession and guardianship among urban inhabitants, enhancing the social structure and promoting a culture of environmental accountability inside cities. Urban green spaces are not only important biological assets but also rich social and cultural elements that enhance the overall quality of life in urban contexts [10].

2.2. The Significance of Urban Green Spaces in Achieving Sustainable Urban Development

Urban green spaces play a crucial role in achieving sustainable urban development by providing diverse benefits to the environmental, social, and economic aspects of urban life. Their relevance rests in their capacity to improve environmental quality, address urban difficulties, and promote the well-being of urban residents [11].

Urban green spaces serve as ecological assets, offering a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential for preserving urban resilience. Urban green areas contribute to urban climate resilience by offsetting carbon emissions through mechanisms such as carbon sequestration, lessening the impacts of climate change. In addition, they have a crucial function in storm water management by absorbing rainwater and mitigating the potential for urban flooding, erosion, and water contamination. Green areas serve as natural sponges, aiding in the replenishment of groundwater, the control of surface runoff, and the reduction in the strain on urban drainage systems. This, in turn, improves the overall ability of cities to withstand and adapt to hydrological challenges [12].

Moreover, urban green spaces function as hubs of biodiversity, providing a diverse range of plant and animal species in urban settings. These places support urban biodiversity protection and ecological connectivity by offering habitats, food supplies, and corridors for animals. This promotes the development of healthy ecosystems and ecosystem services that are crucial for human well-being [13].

In addition to their ecological roles, urban green spaces provide a multitude of social and health advantages to urban people. Access to green areas has been associated with better physical and mental health results, such as decreased stress, greater physical activity, and improved cognitive performance. Green areas offer opportunities for leisure activities, such as walking, jogging, picnics, and gardening, which encourage active lives and foster social interaction among community members. Additionally, green spaces function as locations for cultural events, festivals, and community gatherings, promoting a feeling of belonging, social solidarity, and shared identity among local areas [14].

Urban green spaces are essential elements of sustainable urban development, representing the concepts of ecological integrity, social equality, and economic vigor. Given the difficulties of rising urbanization, climate change, and biodiversity loss, it is crucial for cities to prioritize investment in the establishment, conservation, and improvement of urban green spaces. By acknowledging the diverse advantages of green spaces and incorporating them into urban planning and development initiatives, communities may foster healthier, more resilient, and more enjoyable urban environments for current and future generations [15].

2.3. Issues in Urban Green Space Management

Urban green spaces face a multitude of issues that jeopardize their long-term viability and ability to adapt. The issues stem from the complex interaction between the pressures of urbanization, limitations on resources, and conflicting interests. This requires comprehensive measures that balance the need for environmental protection with the imperatives of urban expansion [3].

Urbanization pressures, resulting from population increase and the fast expansion of cities, place considerable stress on urban green spaces. As urban areas grow to accommodate rapidly increasing populations, green areas frequently experience encroachment, fragmentation, and complete extinction as a result of converting property for infrastructural development, housing, and commercial projects. Urbanization progressively damages the ecological integrity of green spaces by dividing habitats, interrupting wildlife pathways, and reducing biodiversity. As a result, the ability of these areas to provide ecosystem services and contribute to urban resilience is compromised [3].

Furthermore, urban green spaces are subject to neglect and underinvestment, which is exacerbated by insufficient care and administration. The insufficient allocation of funds and resources hampers endeavors to sustain green spaces, leading to their decline, deterioration, and diminished ecological worth. The lack of enough manpower, equipment, and experience further hinders the ability of local authorities and park administrators to handle maintenance needs and adapt to developing difficulties, worsening the deterioration of urban green spaces over time [16].

Conflicting land-use priorities pose a significant challenge to the effective administration of urban green spaces. Conflicts frequently arise between conservation goals and development ambitions due to the desire to maximize land value and produce cash. Green spaces are often selected for rehabilitation or repurposing due to the need for housing, commerce, or infrastructure initiatives. The presence of divergent interests among stakeholders, such as developers, legislators, environmental activists, and local people, adds complexity to decision-making processes and obstructs attempts to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between conservation and development objectives [17].

To tackle these complex difficulties, it is necessary to adopt integrated and collaborative strategies that go beyond traditional boundaries and promote the harmonization of urban growth and environmental conservation goals. Approaches like green infrastructure planning, urban green space zoning, and ecosystem-based management provide effective ways to balance conflicting interests and protect the ecological health of green spaces. Furthermore, by increasing public knowledge, involvement, and responsibility, we may generate backing for the conservation of green areas and inspire local initiatives to safeguard and improve urban biodiversity [18].

Ultimately, effectively managing urban green spaces in a sustainable manner necessitates collaborative efforts to tackle the intricate issues brought about by urbanization, limited resources, and conflicting interests. Cities may cultivate resilient and thriving green areas in urban surroundings while also promoting biodiversity and the well-being of urban residents for future generations by adopting creative strategies, encouraging collaboration, and mobilizing collective efforts [19].

2.4. Utilizing Social Media for Environmental Communication and Advocacy

The emergence of social media platforms in recent years has fundamentally transformed the field of environmental communication and activism. These platforms have granted individuals and groups unparalleled chances to increase awareness, rally support, and spur action on urgent environmental matters. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube act as dynamic channels for sharing information, engaging with communities, and telling stories. They enable real-time interactions and promote the creation of virtual communities centered around common environmental issues [20,21].

Social media platforms provide environmental advocates with the ability to easily and quickly connect with a wide range of people from different locations, overcoming the limitations of time and distance that exist in traditional communication methods. By employing focused communication, visually captivating material, and the deliberate implementation of hashtags and keywords, environmental activists can enhance the impact of their messages, garner interest, and initiate discussions around environmental issues and remedies. Twitter and similar platforms, with their concise structure of brief messages and retweets, facilitate the swift spread of breaking news, scientific discoveries, and calls to action. This enables environmental issues to quickly receive attention and visibility within minutes [22].

Moreover, social media platforms function as breeding grounds for grassroots movements and initiatives led by citizens, aiming to bring about change at the local, national, and global scales. The “#FridaysForFuture” movement, spearheaded by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, showcases the influential capacity of social media in rallying young people to organize climate strikes and pressuring legislators and global leaders to take immediate action against climate change. Through leveraging the contagious characteristics of social media, Thunberg and fellow young activists have mobilized a vast number of individuals from many regions to partake in climate demonstrations, actively involve themselves in climate advocacy, and champion the cause of climate equity [23].

Social media platforms not only enable the development of online communities and networks but also foster connections among individuals and organizations who share a common dedication to environmental stewardship and sustainability. These virtual communities function as central points for the sharing of knowledge, exchanging of ideas, and collaboration on collective efforts with the goal of solving environmental concerns and advancing solutions. Platforms such as Facebook groups, LinkedIn forums, and Reddit communities offer spaces for environmental professionals, researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts to engage in discussions, share resources, and provide mutual support [24].

Social media has become a potent tool for environmental communication and advocacy, granting equal access to information, amplifying voices, and driving collective action on environmental matters. Environmental advocates can utilize the extensive reach, connectedness, and interaction of social media platforms to overcome conventional obstacles, establish alliances, and promote comprehensive transformation towards a future that is both sustainable and equitable for everyone.

In the context of Gilgit-Baltistan, the management of urban green spaces faces unique challenges due to its distinct geographical and socio-economic characteristics. The region, known for its rugged terrain and rich biodiversity, is experiencing rapid urbanization driven by population growth and increased tourism. This has led to encroachment on green spaces, habitat fragmentation, and a reduction in biodiversity. Additionally, the limited availability of resources and infrastructure hampers effective green space management. Conflicting land-use priorities, particularly between conservation efforts and developmental projects such as infrastructure and housing, further complicate the situation. To address these issues, it is crucial to implement integrated land-use planning and community-based conservation strategies that align with the unique needs of Gilgit-Baltistan. Enhancing public awareness and stakeholder collaboration is essential for promoting sustainable urban development that preserves the ecological integrity of green spaces in this region.

2.5. Incorporation of Social Media in Urban Planning and Land Management

Integrating social media platforms into urban planning and land management procedures has become a revolutionary method for promoting inclusive, transparent, and participatory decision-making in cities. Through the utilization of social media analytics, geospatial technologies, and digital engagement tools, planners and policymakers can utilize the combined knowledge of citizens, stakeholders, and communities to gather information and influence urban development strategies, specifically in the area of green infrastructure and land management [25].

An important benefit of incorporating social media into urban planning is its capacity to foster substantial interaction and debate among a wide range of stakeholders. Social media platforms offer convenient and inclusive means of seeking public participation, collecting comments, and collaboratively developing solutions to intricate urban problems. Planners can gather input from citizens, community groups, and other stakeholders on their preferences, priorities, and concerns regarding urban green spaces and land management methods via online surveys, polls, and interactive mapping tools. Through the active engagement of citizens in decision-making processes, planners may cultivate a feeling of ownership and empowerment among community members, resulting in the development of urban policies and programs that are more informed and more responsive [26].

Furthermore, the utilization of social media analytics and geospatial technologies allows planners to effectively utilize large sets of data and geographical information to gain a deeper understanding of the patterns of land use, environmental quality, and community dynamics in metropolitan settings. Through the analysis of social media data streams, planners can obtain valuable information on public opinions, trends in sentiment, and preferences for urban green spaces. This enables them to customize planning interventions and investment plans to better address the changing requirements and desires of city dwellers. Geospatial technologies, such as geographic information systems (GISs) and remote sensing, offer planners robust tools for mapping and visualizing spatial data, identifying ecologically important areas, and evaluating the effects of land management choices on urban ecosystems and landscapes [27].

Moreover, social media platforms can function as channels for gathering information and reporting on environmental conditions, enabling citizens to actively participate in local environmental management initiatives and improve the ability of cities to withstand and recover from challenges. Citizen science projects enable citizens to utilize social media platforms to report environmental problems, record biodiversity observations, and engage in environmental monitoring campaigns. This allows them to provide vital data and perspectives that enhance conventional monitoring endeavors. By including individuals as active contributors of knowledge, planners can access local expertise, promote environmental responsibility, and enhance community resilience to environmental hazards and dangers. Ultimately, including social media into urban planning and land management procedures has significant potential for fostering more inclusive, transparent, and responsive approaches to urban development. Through the utilization of digital technologies and online engagement tools, planners may utilize the combined knowledge and insights of people, stakeholders, and communities to make informed decisions based on evidence, improve environmental sustainability, and create cities that are resilient and enjoyable for everyone [28].

2.6. Theoretical Framework: Resilience and Social–Ecological Systems

Resilience thinking, a theoretical framework based on social–ecological systems theory, provides useful insights into the dynamics of managing urban green spaces and the capacity of urban ecosystems to navigate and adjust to environmental changes. Resilience thinking focuses on the connectivity and interdependence of social and ecological systems in urban areas. It acknowledges that human societies and natural ecosystems are closely intertwined and have a mutual influence on each other’s dynamics and behaviors [29].

The core principle of resilience thinking revolves around the notion of adaptive capacity, which pertains to the capability of social–ecological systems to assimilate disruptions, adjust to evolving circumstances, and undergo transformation in reaction to environmental pressures. Urban green spaces are essential parts of social–ecological systems and have crucial functions in increasing the resilience of cities. They provide various ecosystem services and promote adaptive governance processes [30].

A fundamental principle of resilience thinking is the concept of cross-scale interactions, which emphasizes the significance of taking into account various spatial and temporal scales while studying the dynamics of social–ecological systems. Urban green spaces, ranging from small local parks to larger regional green corridors, are integrated into wider socio-ecological networks and landscapes. In these networks, they interact with neighboring land uses, ecological processes, and human activities. Comprehending these connections across different scales is crucial for efficiently overseeing urban green spaces and enhancing their ability to withstand environmental changes [31].

Moreover, resilience thinking highlights the significance of adapting governance, acquiring knowledge, and cooperation in constructing resilient urban landscapes. Adaptive governance frameworks facilitate versatile and all-encompassing decision-making procedures that can effectively address uncertainty, complexity, and change. Adaptive governance models promote collaboration between government agencies, civil society organizations, and local communities to jointly create knowledge, share resources, and collectively manage urban green spaces [32,33].

Integrating ecosystem assessments into land-use planning is crucial to guarantee the preservation and long-term viability of urban green spaces. Ecosystem assessments offer vital insights into the well-being and efficiency of ecosystems, allowing for better informed decision-making processes that prioritize ecological integrity. Through the utilization of ecosystem assessments, land-use planners can pinpoint regions of ecological importance and execute plans that alleviate environmental deterioration, thus promoting the development of resilience within social–ecological systems. Furthermore, it is crucial to map and evaluate the need for ecosystem services (ESs) in urban regions in order to strategically allocate nature-based solutions (NbSs). These assessments aid in identifying the areas where ecosystem services (ESs) are most necessary, hence guiding the deployment of nature-based solutions (NbSs) to optimize their advantages. Urban planners can improve the provision of vital services, such as improving air quality, regulating climate, and creating recreational places, by addressing the unique requirements for ecosystem services. This will ultimately benefit the well-being of urban populations and the long-term sustainability of urban ecosystems [34,35].

2.7. Areas of Research That Need Further Investigation and the Specific Goals of This Study

Although there is an increasing awareness of the importance of urban green spaces and social media in promoting urban sustainability, there is a noticeable lack of research on how social media might be included into the administration of urban green spaces. This study seeks to address this deficiency by examining the viewpoints of stakeholders regarding the impact of social media on enhancing environmental communication, promoting community involvement, and strengthening resilience in urban green areas in Gilgit-Baltistan. This research aims to explore the intricacies of using social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter to manage urban green spaces. It involves conducting qualitative interviews and analyzing themes to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with these efforts [36].

The main goal of this research is to clarify how social media might accelerate the improvement in environmental communication in the management of urban green spaces. This study aims to investigate how social media platforms can effectively share information, encourage conversation, and increase awareness about the significance of urban green spaces for ecological health, human well-being, and community resilience.

Moreover, this study aims to explore the capacity of social media in enhancing community involvement and facilitating cooperative governance methods for the management of urban green spaces. This research aims to analyze the experiences and viewpoints of various stakeholders in order to discover novel methods and exemplary techniques for utilizing social media platforms to gather public input, collaboratively develop solutions, and establish agreement on priorities and strategies for managing green spaces. Furthermore, this study seeks to investigate how social media may facilitate partnerships and collaborations among different stakeholders, such as government agencies, non-profit groups, corporations, and academics, to improve the collective ability to efficiently manage urban green spaces.

Despite the growing body of literature, there is still a limited understanding of how social media specifically impacts the management of urban green spaces, particularly in unique and less studied contexts such as Gilgit-Baltistan. Our study aims to bridge this gap by exploring how platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter can be leveraged to promote sustainable urban development and enhance resilience to environmental challenges in this region [37].

3. Methodology

Within the context of the landscapes of Gilgit-Baltistan, this research uses a qualitative method in order to investigate the complex function that social media plays in the management of urban green spaces [38,39]. This study intends to not only scratch the surface of the impact that social media has on land management practices in these places but also to delve deep into the layers of that impact in view of stakeholders’ perspectives [2,40]. This is accomplished through the use of a thematic qualitative research technique. This qualitative approach makes it possible to have a more nuanced grasp of the topic at hand, allowing for the investigation of a variety of viewpoints and the discovery of hidden insights that quantitative methods could miss.

During the process of putting together the sample, particular attention is paid to ensuring that it is both relevant and diverse. The sample is deliberately divided into two groups: 25 respondents representing governmental institutions and 20 respondents from private firms. Overall, the sample consists of 45 respondents from Gilgit-Baltistan who are active users of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and others. This kind of sampling, known as purposive sampling, guarantees that the individuals chosen have first-hand knowledge and experience in matters pertaining to land management, which in turn enriches the breadth and depth of the findings of this research.

The collection of data is the foundation of this qualitative investigation, which aims to capture the diverse range of opinions and experiences that are associated with the impact of social media on the management of urban green spaces. Interviews that are semi-structured are the major method of data gathering. These interviews provide a method that is both flexible and targeted, allowing for the acquisition of in-depth insights from each respondent.

The data that are gathered through interviews are subjected to a stringent process of examination because they are the raw material that is acquired through qualitative research [8]. The researchers are able to sift through the interview transcripts, recognize repeating patterns and themes, and distill them into meaningful insights by using the process of thematic qualitative analysis, which emerges as the method of choice. The process of analysis is carried out in a series of iterative processes, which include coding, categorization, and interpretation of the qualitative data. The researchers create the framework for arranging these codes into bigger thematic clusters and sub-themes by coding transcripts using thematic codes that incorporate significant concepts and motifs. This makes it easier for the researchers to have a nuanced grasp of the data.

It is absolutely necessary, in order to maintain the credibility of this investigation, to make certain that the conclusions of this research are reliable and rigorous. In order to achieve this goal, a multidimensional strategy is utilized, which includes member checking, peer debriefing, triangulation, and reflexivity. The process of member checking provides respondents with the opportunity to examine and validate the findings, which ultimately results in an increase in the accurateness and authenticity of the research outputs. The practice of peer debriefing helps to cultivate a culture of critical reflection within the research team, which in turn enables the continual scrutiny of data interpretation and a reduction in cognitive bias. Increasing the reliability and validity of the findings is accomplished through the process of triangulation, which is accomplished by incorporating a number of different data sources and points of view. Researchers are prompted to participate in introspection as a result of reflexivity, which is a component of the research process.

There is a significant presence of ethical issues throughout the entire research activity. These considerations direct every facet of the investigation in order to protect the participants’ dignity, privacy, and secrecy. The foundation of ethical behavior is known as informed consent, which requires participants to be fully informed of the research aims and methods before they give their assent to participate in the study under consideration. When it comes to protecting the identity of the respondents and the personal information they provide, anonymity and confidentiality are guaranteed. The ethical framework is further strengthened by the observance of applicable data protection legislation, which includes the implementation of strong measures to preserve the confidentiality and security of interview data.

To enhance the robustness of our methodology, we employed data triangulation by integrating data from social media platforms and semi-structured interviews. The social media data were analyzed to identify key themes and patterns related to urban green space management. These themes were then cross-referenced with the insights obtained from the interviews, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the topic. The interviews were conducted personally. The criteria for selection included the active use of social media platforms and involvement in urban green space management within Gilgit-Baltistan. This approach ensured a diverse and informed sample, enriching this study’s findings. To clarify the combination of qualitative methods, thematic qualitative analysis was utilized to systematically analyze interview transcripts. This process involved coding, categorization, and interpretation to distill meaningful insights. We also ensured the reliability and validity of our findings through member checking, peer debriefing, and reflexivity.

The demographic

Table 1. Demographic details of respondents.

Respondent No.	Organization	Gender	Education	Age	Income
1	Government	Male	Bachelor’s	25	80,000
2	Private	Female	Master’s	33	70,000
3	Government	Male	Bachelor’s	26	100,000
4	Private	Male	Master’s	34	200,000
5	Private	Male	PhD	45	45,000
6	Private	Male	Master’s	50	60,000
7	Government	Male	Master’s	29	70,000
8	Private	Male	Master’s	56	50,000
9	Private	Female	Bachelor’s	29	120,000
10	Private	Female	Master’s	57	190,000
11	Government	Male	Master’s	32	300,000
12	Private	Female	Master’s	66	70,000
13	Private	Male	Master’s	45	40,000
14	Private	Male	Master’s	67	60,000
15	Government	Female	Master’s	46	60,000
16	Private	Male	Master’s	56	400,000
17	Private	Male	Bachelor’s	27	400,000
18	Private	Female	PhD	34	300,000
19	Government	Female	PhD	56	50,000
20	Private	Female	PhD	67	45,000
21	Government	Male	PhD	56	45,000
22	Private	Male	PhD	45	45,000
23	Government	Male	Bachelor’s	29	56,000
24	Private	Male	Master’s	33	67,000
25	Government	Male	Master’s	45	45,000
26	Government	Male	Master’s	34	78,000
27	Government	Female	Master’s	66	89,000
28	Government	Female	Master’s	45	500,000
29	Government	Female	Master’s	56	500,000
30	Government	Female	PhD	56	200,000
31	Private	Female	PhD	74	400,000
32	Private	Female	Master’s	44	30,000
33	Government	Female	Master’s	45	300,000
34	Government	Female	Bachelor’s	24	300,000
35	Government	Male	PhD	34	70,000
36	Government	Male	PhD	34	50,000
37	Government	Female	PhD	56	400,000
38	Private	Male	Bachelor’s	27	460,000
39	Government	Male	Bachelor’s	28	50,000
40	Private	Female	Bachelor’s	22	560,000
41	Government	Male	Bachelor’s	23	89,000
42	Government	Female	Bachelor’s	25	67,000
43	Government	Male	Master’s	67	59,000
44	Government	Male	Master’s	55	560,000
45	Government	Male	PhD	56	450,000

offers a thorough summary of the participants involved in this study on the impact of social media on the management of urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan. The participants are classified according to their affiliation, gender, educational background, age, and income, which is denoted in Pakistani Rupees (PKR).

The sample comprises 25 respondents who work in government jobs and 20 respondents who are employed in private sector positions. This distribution guarantees that perspectives from both the public and private sectors are adequately represented in this study, ensuring a well-rounded viewpoint on the subject.

The respondents’ gender distribution reveals a predominant presence of males, with 26 males accounting for approximately 58% and 19 females accounting for approximately 42%. The gender distribution observed may be indicative of the overall gender representation in professional positions within the area.

The responders exhibit diverse education levels, reflecting a broad spectrum of experience and academic backgrounds. Out of the total, nine persons (20%) have a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree, nearly 44% (twenty individuals) have a Master of Science (MS) degree, and approximately 36% (sixteen individuals) hold a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree. The variety of educational achievements enhances this study’s understanding by incorporating viewpoints from various academic backgrounds.

The respondents’ age distribution encompasses a wide range, including young adults and seniors, thus assuring a full representation of various life stages and career periods. Out of the total respondents, there are eight individuals (about 18%) who fall into the age range of 20 to 29 years. Additionally, there are 11 respondents (roughly 24%) who are between the ages of 30 and 39. Lastly, there are 10 individuals (approximately 22%) who are in the age range of 40 to 49. In addition, there are eleven participants (about 24%) who are between the ages of 50 and 59 and five participants (roughly 11%) who are 60 years old or older.

The income levels of the respondents, expressed in Pakistani Rupees (PKR), exhibit a broad spectrum. Out of the total respondents, 10 individuals, which is about 22% of the sample, have incomes below PKR 50,000. Additionally, 13 respondents, accounting for roughly 29% of the sample, earn between PKR 50,000 and PKR 100,000. Furthermore, seven respondents, making up approximately 16% of the sample, have incomes between PKR 100,000 and PKR 200,000. In addition, eight participants (about 18%) reported incomes between PKR 200,000 and PKR 400,000, whereas seven participants (approximately 16%) reported incomes beyond PKR 400,000. The variation in income levels contributes to a comprehensive economic outlook, which is crucial for comprehending diverse socio-economic settings in land management and environmental projects.

4. Data Analysis

Within the sphere of data analysis, the focus was directed towards delving deeply into the substantial insights that were supplied by stakeholders who were actively engaged in projects that were aimed at creating resilience and managing land in Gilgit-Baltistan.

4.1. Research Questions

The research questions in this study are as follows:

• How does social media influence land management policies for urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan?
• What opportunities does social media offer for community engagement in urban Gilgit-Baltistan’s urban green space management?
• What are the main challenges in integrating social media into land management for resilience in Gilgit-Baltistan?
• How can social media facilitate collaboration among stakeholders for urban green space management while also raising awareness and fostering dialogue on urban green spaces, particularly in Gilgit-Baltistan?

We employed manual data analysis methods for this study, specifically utilizing qualitative thematic analysis without reliance on automated software tools. This approach allowed us to meticulously examine responses and identify key insights regarding the impact of social media on urban green space management in Gilgit-Baltistan. Our findings provide a detailed exploration of both the advantageous and challenging aspects associated with this phenomenon

4.1.1. Data Analysis for Q1

Thematic main keywords for Q1

The examination of comments pertaining to the impact of social media on land management policies for urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan in

Table 2. Responses for Q1.

R No	Response	Keyword
1	Social media raises awareness about the importance of preserving urban green spaces.	Awareness
2	It allows policymakers to gather public opinions and feedback on proposed land management policies.	Feedback
3	Social media platforms facilitate the sharing of success stories and best practices in land management.	Sharing
4	It amplifies the voices of local communities in decision-making processes related to urban green spaces.	Community
5	Social media helps disseminate information about land management regulations and initiatives.	Dissemination
6	It fosters collaboration between government agencies and civil society organizations on land management initiatives.	Collaboration
7	Social media empowers citizens to advocate for better land management practices.	Empowerment
8	It facilitates networking opportunities for professionals involved in land management policy development.	Networking
9	Social media platforms provide platforms for showcasing the economic benefits of sustainable land management practices.	Economics
10	It enhances transparency in the formulation and implementation of land management policies.	Transparency
11	Social media enables rapid mobilization for advocacy campaigns related to land management.	Mobilization
12	It fosters partnerships between government agencies and private sector entities for effective land management.	Partnerships
13	Social media platforms serve as repositories of case studies and research findings on effective land management.	Repository
14	It encourages the adoption of environmentally-friendly practices in land management policies.	Environment
15	Social media facilitates cross-sector collaboration in addressing land management challenges.	Cross-sector
16	It fosters a sense of community ownership and stewardship over urban green spaces.	Stewardship
17	Social media enhances public participation in decision-making processes related to land management.	Participation
18	It empowers grassroots movements to influence land management policies.	Grassroots
19	Social media platforms provide spaces for public debates and discussions on controversial land management issues.	Debate
20	It enables the documentation of traditional land management practices for preservation and adaptation.	Documentation
21	Social media encourages the exploration of innovative approaches to land management policy development.	Innovation
22	It amplifies public awareness about the ecological benefits of effective land management.	Ecological
23	Social media platforms enable the rapid dissemination of urgent alerts and notifications related to land management.	Alerts
24	It serves as a platform for showcasing the cultural significance of land management practices.	Cultural
25	Social media fosters connections between different stakeholders involved in land management.	Connections
26	It encourages collaboration between academia and practitioners in researching innovative land management solutions.	Academia
27	Social media platforms provide forums for highlighting success stories in sustainable land management.	Success
28	It facilitates knowledge exchange between experts and practitioners in the field of land management.	Knowledge
29	Social media empowers local communities to take ownership of land management initiatives in their areas.	Ownership
30	It fosters a sense of pride and identity among communities involved in land management efforts.	Identity
31	Social media enables citizens to report violations or issues related to land management in real-time.	Reporting
32	It provides opportunities for showcasing community-driven initiatives in land management.	Community
33	Social media platforms serve as channels for gathering feedback and opinions on proposed land management policies.	Feedback
34	It facilitates the sharing of resources and expertise between urban and urban areas for land management.	Resources
35	Social media enhances the visibility of land management projects and their impact on urban green spaces.	Visibility
36	It encourages engagement with policymakers to advocate for better land management practices.	Engagement
37	Social media platforms provide platforms for promoting ecotourism initiatives tied to urban green spaces.	Ecotourism
38	It fosters a sense of community among stakeholders involved in land management policy development.	Community
39	Social media enhances accountability and oversight in the implementation of land management policies.	Accountability
40	It fosters a collaborative approach to addressing land management challenges.	Collaboration
41	Social media platforms serve as educational tools for raising awareness about land management issues.	Education
42	It encourages public-private partnerships for the sustainable management of urban green spaces.	Partnerships
43	Social media enables citizens to actively participate in local environmental management initiatives.	Participation
44	It provides a platform for showcasing innovative solutions to urban green space management.	Innovation
45	Social media facilitates the sharing of resources and knowledge on effective land management strategies.	Resources

and

Table 3. Thematic codes and frequencies for Q2.

Representative Keywords	Frequency	Respondent Numbers
Communication	9	1, 2, 5, 7, 11, 17, 19, 33, 36
Collaboration	8	6, 12, 15, 18, 22, 25, 30, 42
Empowerment	7	4, 8, 21, 29, 37, 40, 45
Awareness	6	3, 10, 14, 20, 27, 34
Engagement	5	9, 16, 23, 28, 35
Sustainability	4	13, 24, 31, 38
Community	3	26, 32, 39
Innovation	3	41, 43, 44

uncovers various significant topics. The theme of communication is the most prominent, with almost 20% of participants highlighting its importance. This highlights the crucial significance of social media platforms in enabling communication among many players engaged in land management, such as government agencies, commercial corporations, community members, and environmental advocates. Efficient communication channels facilitate the spread of information, sharing of ideas, and coordination of actions, ultimately improving the effectiveness of land management policies.

Collaboration is strongly prioritized, as around 18% of participants emphasize its significance. Stakeholders recognize the importance of social media platforms in promoting collaboration among different stakeholders, therefore improving the efficiency of land management programs. The concept of empowerment is highlighted as a prominent subject, as around 15.5% of participants emphasize the impact of social media in empowering both individuals and communities. Stakeholders view social media as a means to gain access to information, resources, and networks, which empowers them to actively engage in decision-making processes concerning urban green areas.

Approximately 13% of respondents highlighted the significance of awareness as another significant issue. Stakeholders acknowledge the capacity of social media platforms to increase awareness regarding the importance of urban green spaces, environmental preservation, and sustainable development methods. This, in turn, encourages public support and involvement. Approximately 11% of respondents highlighted engagement as a prominent topic. Stakeholders recognize that social media plays a significant role in encouraging active engagement and participation among different parties participating in land management procedures. As a result, it promotes inclusive decision-making and community involvement.

Approximately 9% of respondents emphasize sustainability, demonstrating their acknowledgment of the significance of integrating sustainable practices into land management policy for urban green spaces. These findings indicate that social media platforms have the potential to facilitate the promotion of sustainability objectives and practices among stakeholders. Around 6.5% of respondents highlighted community as a prominent theme, demonstrating their acknowledgement of the significance of community participation and engagement in land management projects. This implies that social media can function as a platform for promoting community-led conservation efforts and projects. Approximately 6.5% of respondents recognize the potential of social media platforms in fostering novel approaches to land management practices, thereby highlighting the need for innovation. This implies that social media can act as a catalyst for advancing creative solutions to issues concerning urban green areas in Gilgit-Baltistan.

4.1.2. Data Analysis for Q2

Table 4. Reponses and keywords for Q2.

Respondent Number	Response	Keyword
1	Social media helps us share event information quickly, ensuring community participation	Participation
2	We use social media to coordinate volunteer activities for green space clean-ups.	Coordination
3	Through social media, we can raise awareness about the importance of green spaces and get more people involved.	Awareness
4	Social media empowers community members to share their ideas and suggestions for green space projects.	Empowerment
5	It helps us keep the community updated on new initiatives and progress of ongoing projects.	Updates
6	Social media facilitates collaboration between different community groups working on urban green spaces.	Collaboration
7	Instant messaging apps like WhatsApp allow for real-time communication among volunteers.	Communication
8	Social media empowers local activists to organize and advocate for better green space management.	Advocacy
9	We can engage the youth through social media platforms, making them more involved in green space projects.	Youth Engagement
10	Raising awareness through social media has led to increased public support for green space initiatives.	Support
11	Effective communication via social media helps us avoid misunderstandings and streamline our efforts.	Communication
12	Social media enables collaboration with environmental groups and experts, enhancing our projects.	Collaboration
13	It allows us to promote sustainability practices and encourage community members to adopt them.	Sustainability
14	Social media campaigns have significantly increased community awareness and participation in green space activities.	Awareness
15	Collaborative projects are easier to manage through social media, bringing together various stakeholders.	Collaboration
16	Social media engages the community in discussions about the future of our green spaces.	Discussion
17	Quick updates and alerts about volunteer opportunities are easily shared through social media.	Updates
18	Collaboration on social media has led to more comprehensive and inclusive community engagement.	Collaboration
19	Social media facilitates transparent communication between the community and project leaders.	Transparency
20	Awareness campaigns on social media have highlighted the benefits of urban green spaces, gaining more public interest.	Awareness
21	Empowering communities through social media leads to more grassroots-level initiatives and ownership of projects.	Empowerment
22	We’ve seen increased collaboration among local businesses and community members thanks to social media.	Collaboration
23	Social media engagement helps us gauge public opinion and adjust our plans accordingly.	Feedback
24	Sharing sustainable practices on social media encourages others to adopt similar methods.	Sustainability
25	Collaboration on social media platforms allows us to leverage diverse expertise and resources.	Collaboration
26	Social media strengthens community bonds by involving more people in urban green space projects.	Community
27	Our social media awareness campaigns have significantly increased community involvement in green space preservation.	Involvement
28	Engaging content on social media platforms attracts more volunteers for our projects.	Attraction
29	Empowering local leaders through social media gives a voice to smaller communities.	Leadership
30	Collaboration through social media helps us develop more robust and effective community engagement strategies.	Strategies
31	Promoting sustainability through social media is essential for long-term environmental health.	Sustainability
32	Community-driven initiatives gain more visibility and support through social media platforms.	Visibility
33	Regular communication via social media ensures that all community members are informed and involved.	Communication
34	Social media awareness drives more community involvement and support for green space projects.	Involvement
35	Engagement tools on social media, like live chats and Q&A sessions, foster more interactive and dynamic discussions.	Interaction
36	Social media communication helps us manage urban green spaces more effectively by keeping everyone informed and involved.	Effectiveness
37	Empowering citizens through social media has led to more proactive community engagement and better project outcomes.	Empowerment
38	Sharing sustainable practices and success stories on social media inspires others to follow suit.	Inspiration
39	Social media brings the community together, fostering a sense of collective responsibility for urban green spaces.	Unity
40	Empowering individuals to take part in land management discussions through social media has democratized the decision-making process.	Democratization
41	Innovative ideas for community engagement in green spaces are often shared and developed on social media platforms.	Innovation
42	Social media collaboration allows us to address community engagement challenges more creatively and efficiently.	Creativity
43	Social media fosters innovation by exposing us to new ideas and best practices from around the world.	Innovation
44	Innovative solutions to engagement problems often emerge from social media discussions.	Solutions
45	Empowering community members through social media ensures that their voices are heard in urban green space management.	Empowerment

and

Table 5. Main keywords and frequencies for Q2.

Main Thematic Keyword	Frequency	Respondent Numbers
Communication	11	1, 5, 7, 11, 17, 19, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36
Collaboration	9	2, 6, 12, 15, 18, 22, 25, 30, 42
Empowerment	9	4, 8, 21, 29, 37, 40, 45, 38, 39
Awareness	6	3, 10, 14, 20, 27, 32
Engagement	4	9, 16, 28, 35
Sustainability	3	13, 24, 31
Innovation	3	41, 43, 44

show the analysis of the opportunities that social media provides for community engagement in the management of urban green spaces in urban Gilgit-Baltistan. They unveil various prominent concepts, each accompanied by their frequency of mentions and importance.

The most commonly indicated opportunity, cited by 11 respondents, is communication. Social media enables the quick and extensive diffusion of information, which is essential for keeping the community well informed and involved. It facilitates the sharing of event details, the updating of progress on projects, and the promotion of transparent communication. The high frequency of this occurrence highlights the notion that effective communication is a fundamental element for successful community involvement in the management of urban green spaces.

The prospect of collaboration, mentioned nine times, is the second most cited. Social media facilitates collaboration among diverse stakeholders, such as municipal officials, the community, environmental groups, and experts. This collaborative atmosphere facilitates the consolidation of resources, the exchange of experience, and the optimization of efforts in a more effective manner. The frequency of mentions suggests a robust conviction in the efficacy of collective action enabled by social media [41].

The concept of empowerment was identified as a significant topic by nine respondents. Social media enables individuals and communities to express their opinions and ideas by offering a venue for their voices to be acknowledged. It empowers the community to offer ideas, champion improved practices, and assume responsibility for green space efforts. This feeling of empowerment can result in increased proactive and grassroots participation in the maintenance of urban green spaces.

The significance of social media in fostering awareness is emphasized by six respondents. Social media-based awareness campaigns have the potential to effectively reach a wide range of individuals, providing them with knowledge about environmental concerns and motivating increased involvement in initiatives related to green spaces. This subject emphasizes the significance of education and awareness as fundamental components for promoting community involvement [42].

Engagement, as identified by four participants, refers to the use of social media platforms to actively include community members in conversations and activities pertaining to urban green areas. This involves actively involving young people, arranging interactive workshops, and carrying out polls or surveys to obtain public feedback. The comparatively lesser occurrence, in comparison to communication and collaboration, implies that although engagement holds significance, it is typically fostered through the broader concepts of communication and empowerment.

Three respondents emphasized the importance of sustainability, which involves the promotion of long-term environmental well-being through the use of social media. Disseminating sustainable techniques and exemplary achievements might serve as a catalyst for encouraging others to embrace comparable methods. The decreased frequency could suggest that sustainability is frequently approached within the wider framework of promoting awareness and education, although it is an important objective.

The concept of innovation, which was also cited by three respondents, emphasizes the impact of social media in promoting novel ideas and solutions for community involvement and the management of urban green spaces. Social media platforms offer a venue for exchanging inventive methodologies and investigating novel strategies for overcoming current obstacles. This theme highlights the capacity for innovation and forward thinking enabled by digital interactions.

Upon analyzing the table, it becomes evident that social media offers enormous chances for community engagement in the management of urban green spaces in urban Gilgit-Baltistan. Specifically, these opportunities revolve around communication, collaboration, and empowerment. These themes emphasize the significance of information sharing, collaboration, and empowering the community. A comprehensive approach for efficiently managing urban green spaces using social media requires not just the commonly discussed factors of awareness, participation, sustainability, and creativity but also the less typically mentioned components. The frequencies linked to each issue emphasize their respective significance and the diverse function of social media in augmenting community involvement.

4.1.3. Data Analysis for Q3

The challenge of engagement is the most commonly acknowledged in

Table 6. Responses and keywords for Q3.

Respondent Number	Response	Keyword
1	Limited internet connectivity in remote areas hampers effective social media use.	Connectivity
2	Lack of digital literacy among older community members is a major barrier.	Literacy
3	Insufficient local content relevant to land management issues.	Content
4	Distrust of social media information by some community members.	Distrust
5	Difficulty in verifying the credibility of information shared on social media.	Credibility
6	Lack of technical expertise to manage and analyze social media data.	Expertise
7	Inconsistent engagement levels from the community.	Engagement
8	Concerns about privacy and data security among users.	Privacy
9	Limited access to smartphones and digital devices in some areas.	Accessibility
10	High costs associated with data usage for social media.	Costs
11	Language barriers, as not all community members are fluent in the languages used on social media.	Language
12	Cultural resistance to adopting new technologies.	Resistance
13	Inadequate training for local authorities on using social media for land management.	Training
14	Lack of funding to support social media initiatives.	Funding
15	Difficulty in reaching a consensus due to diverse opinions and interests.	Consensus
16	Challenges in maintaining up-to-date information on social media platforms.	Updating
17	Overload of information, making it hard to prioritize important issues.	Overload
18	Slow adoption rates of social media tools among the community.	Adoption
19	Lack of integration between social media platforms and existing land management systems.	Integration
20	Difficulty in measuring the impact of social media campaigns.	Measurement
21	Low engagement from policymakers and stakeholders.	Stakeholder Engagement
22	Challenges in moderating and controlling misinformation.	Moderation
23	Time constraints for community members to engage with social media.	Time
24	High turnover of social media platform usage trends, leading to inconsistency.	Trends
25	Difficulty in creating engaging content that resonates with the community.	Engagement
26	Limited local success stories and case studies to inspire others.	Inspiration
27	Fragmented social media use among different community groups.	Fragmentation
28	Difficulty in maintaining long-term engagement and interest.	Sustainability
29	Challenges in coordinating between multiple social media platforms.	Coordination
30	Limited governmental support for social media initiatives.	Support
31	Challenges in aligning social media strategies with broader land management policies.	Alignment
32	Inadequate infrastructure to support extensive social media use.	Infrastructure
33	Difficulties in engaging the youth consistently.	Youth Engagement
34	Issues with intellectual property rights and sharing of community-created content.	IP
35	Difficulty in translating offline community activities to online platforms.	Translation
36	Lack of tailored social media strategies for urban contexts.	Tailoring
37	Limited research on the effectiveness of social media in land management.	Research
38	Challenges in fostering a culture of continuous social media engagement.	Culture
39	Inconsistent policies regarding social media use by local authorities.	Policies
40	Technical issues and glitches with social media platforms.	Technical Issues
41	Balancing traditional communication methods with new social media approaches.	Balance
42	Difficulty in engaging women and marginalized groups through social media.	Inclusion
43	Challenges in ensuring equity in access to social media tools.	Equity
44	Language barriers, as content is often not available in local dialects.	Language
45	Lack of motivation among community members to participate in social media initiatives.	Motivation

and

Table 7. Main thematic words for Q3.

Main Thematic Keyword	Frequency	Respondent Numbers
Connectivity	6	1, 9, 10, 23, 28, 40
Literacy	7	2, 11, 12, 13, 34, 36, 44
Credibility	4	4, 5, 6, 22
Engagement	11	7, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 25, 26, 33, 38, 45
Privacy	2	8, 42
Accessibility	4	3, 24, 35, 43
Funding	1	32
Integration	6	17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 41
Support	4	21, 30, 37, 39

, with 11 respondents citing it. This suggests that the fundamental challenge lies in ensuring a continuous and engaged involvement of the community. Social media platforms present significant opportunities for community participation, but the difficulty lies in inspiring and maintaining that commitment in the long run. The presence of a wide range of interests and differing levels of dedication among community members adds complexity to this issue, highlighting the need to address it in order to effectively manage land.

The issue of literacy, which is mentioned seven times, is a serious obstacle. This encompasses both the challenges of understanding and using digital technology effectively as well as the difficulties posed by differences in language. A significant portion of the community, particularly the elderly, may possess insufficient proficiency in utilizing social media sites. In addition, the content on social media platforms may not always be accessible in local languages, further restricting its availability. To promote wider community engagement and the efficient utilization of social media for land management, it is crucial to tackle these literacy challenges.

Six respondents underlined connectivity, emphasizing the infrastructural difficulties in remote parts of Gilgit-Baltistan. Insufficient internet connection and inadequate connectivity can significantly impede the utilization of social media. This problem is especially noticeable in urban areas where there is limited technological infrastructure. Reliable internet access is essential for effectively utilizing social media as a tool for land management and resilience.

The concept of integration, mentioned by six respondents, refers to the challenges of aligning social media initiatives with established land management systems and policies. The process of incorporating novel digital technologies alongside conventional approaches necessitates meticulous preparation and organization. The task at hand is to establish a smooth and uninterrupted exchange of information and activities between digital platforms and real-world endeavors, a crucial requirement for the successful administration of land.

The concept of credibility, as highlighted by four participants, encompasses issues regarding the trustworthiness and dependability of information disseminated through social media platforms. The rapid dissemination of misinformation presents a substantial obstacle. It is crucial to verify the authenticity and reliability of the information in order to establish confidence within the community and make well-informed decisions.

Accessibility, mentioned four times, encompasses both the capacity to physically access digital devices and the affordability of online services. Access to smartphones and computers is restricted in most areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, and the expense of data can be a hindrance. Enhancing the accessibility of social media to all members of the community is an essential measure for efficient land management.

Support, as mentioned by four participants, highlights the necessity for stronger endorsement from local authorities and stakeholders. Social media efforts are unlikely to succeed without sufficient support and commitment from these important stakeholders. This support can encompass financial resources, alignment with policies, and active engagement from individuals responsible for making decisions.

The term “privacy”, mentioned twice, emphasizes concerns regarding the security of data and the privacy of users. These problems can discourage community members from actively participating in social media platforms. To foster confidence and promote the broader adoption of social media, it is crucial to address privacy concerns.

The mention of funding highlights the financial limitations that can restrict the execution and long-term viability of social media efforts. Obtaining adequate funds is essential to sustain training, infrastructure, and continuous operations.

To summarize, the primary obstacles to incorporating social media into land management for resilience in Gilgit-Baltistan are centered on issues of involvement, education, connectivity, incorporation, trustworthiness, availability, assistance, confidentiality, and financing. To tackle these difficulties, a comprehensive strategy is needed that encompasses expanding digital literacy, strengthening infrastructure, assuring the reliability and accuracy of information, obtaining money, and garnering strong support from local authorities and stakeholders. To fully realize the promise of social media as a powerful tool for community involvement and effective land management, it is necessary to address these concerns.

4.1.4. Data Analysis for Q4

The examination of theme frequencies of the function of social media in managing and raising awareness about urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan in

Table 8. Responses and keywords for Q4.

Respondent Number	Response	Keyword
1	We can create groups for stakeholders to discuss urban green space initiatives	Groups
2	It enables real-time updates and feedback on green space projects	Feedback
3	We can use platforms like Facebook to organize virtual meetings and webinars	Webinars
4	We can highlight success stories to inspire other communities	Inspiration
5	It allows us to share best practices and innovative ideas	Best Practices
6	We can share resources and coordinate efforts	Coordination
7	It helps in mobilizing volunteers for green space activities	Mobilization
8	We can use it for educational campaigns on environmental issues	Education
9	It facilitates networking among local and international environmental groups	Networking
10	We can conduct surveys and polls to gather community input	Surveys
11	It enables transparent communication between government officials and the public	Transparency
12	It provides a space for public debates and discussions on urban green space management	Debates
13	We can raise funds through online campaigns	Fundraising
14	It can disseminate important information quickly to a wide audience	Dissemination
15	We can showcase environmental events and initiatives	Events
16	It encourages the participation of youth in green space management	Youth
17	It can bridge the gap between urban planners and the community	Bridging
18	We can share visual content like photos and videos of green spaces	Visual Content
19	It promotes community-driven conservation projects	Conservation
20	It helps build a sense of community ownership over urban green spaces	Ownership
21	We can track the progress of green space projects	Tracking
22	It facilitates collaboration between local businesses and environmental groups	Business Collaboration
23	We can use it to announce and coordinate clean-up drives	Clean-up Drives
24	It provides a platform for advocacy and policy change regarding urban green spaces	Advocacy
25	It helps in creating awareness about the benefits of urban green spaces	Awareness
26	It can engage the public in decision-making processes	Decision-making
27	We can highlight local environmental challenges and solutions	Challenges
28	It offers tools for creating and sharing digital campaigns	Campaigns
29	It connects stakeholders with environmental experts for advice	Expert Advice
30	We can document and share the history and evolution of green spaces	Documentation
31	It helps in organizing community workshops and training sessions	Workshops
32	It encourages public recognition and appreciation of green space efforts	Recognition
33	We can create and share informative infographics	Infographics
34	It highlights the ecological benefits of urban green spaces	Ecological Benefits
35	It facilitates the creation of local green space initiatives	Initiatives
36	It enables collaboration on cross-regional environmental projects	Cross-regional
37	We can monitor environmental indicators and report issues	Monitoring
38	It fosters a culture of sustainability and environmental responsibility	Sustainability
39	We can use it for storytelling about community green space efforts	Storytelling
40	It helps identify and address urban green space needs and gaps	Needs
41	It promotes eco-friendly practices and lifestyles	Eco-friendly
42	It engages diverse community members in environmental activities	Diversity
43	We can use it to support the planning and execution of environmental campaigns	Planning
44	It creates a dialogue between different generations about green spaces	Intergenerational
45	We can facilitate the creation of community action plans	Action Plans

and

Table 9. Main thematic codes and frequencies for Q4.

Main Thematic Keyword	Frequency	Respondent Numbers
Communication	7	2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 27
Engagement	7	7, 16, 20, 26, 38, 42, 44
Education	7	3, 5, 8, 28, 31, 33, 39
Coordination	12	1, 6, 17, 21, 22, 23, 29, 35, 36, 41, 43, 45
Awareness	9	4, 15, 18, 19, 24, 25, 30, 34, 38
Support	3	13, 32, 37

uncovers some significant observations. First and foremost, the issue of communication stands out, as the respondents highlight the significance of social media in facilitating the exchange of information and ideas among stakeholders (2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 27). Stakeholders view social media platforms as efficient means of communication for supporting joint efforts in maintaining urban green spaces.

Furthermore, the recurring topic of engagement is emphasized by the respondents, underscoring the capacity of social media to promote active participation and involvement in green space efforts (7, 16, 20, 26, 38, 42, and 44). This is an acknowledgment of the ability of social media to involve stakeholders and the broader community, hence improving collaborative endeavors in the management of sustainable urban green spaces.

Education is recognized as a prominent subject, as stakeholders acknowledge the value of social media in teaching both stakeholders and the public the significance of urban green spaces and their management (3, 5, 8, 28, 31, 33, and 39). This highlights the capacity of social media platforms to function as educational instruments, spreading knowledge and fostering consciousness regarding the preservation and administration of green spaces.

Respondents acknowledge that social media plays a vital role in enabling coordination and collaboration among many parties engaged in the administration of urban green spaces (1, 6, 17, 21, 22, 23, 29, 35, 36, 41, 43, and 45). This suggests that social media platforms can function as primary hubs for organizing activities, exchanging assets, and harmonizing plans in order to achieve shared objectives in green space management.

Moreover, the respondents underline the issue of awareness, underscoring how social media may effectively increase awareness about urban green spaces and their importance among stakeholders and the wider community (4, 15, 18, 19, 24, 25, 30, 34, and 38). This indicates that social media campaigns and initiatives can have a vital impact on raising public awareness and comprehension of green space-related matters in Gilgit-Baltistan.

Furthermore, the importance of social media in offering aid and support to those involved in urban green space management initiatives is emphasized by the subject of support, although it is not often discussed (13, 32, and 37). This indicates that social media platforms can provide a conducive atmosphere for stakeholders, enabling them to share resources, collaborate, and engage in capacity-building activities.

Overall, the analysis emphasizes the diverse and complex impact of social media on managing and promoting awareness of urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan. This includes its function in facilitating communication, fostering involvement, providing education, facilitating coordination, promoting awareness, and offering support. These findings highlight the capacity of social media platforms to effectively promote sustainable management methods for urban green spaces and encourage community participation and awareness in the region.

4.2. Overall Results

Table 10. Overall results: mean and standard deviation.

Key Thematic Word	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Mean	Standard Deviation
Communication	7	0	11	9	6.75	4.79
Engagement	7	11	4	5	6.75	3.10
Education	7	0	0	0	1.75	3.50
Coordination	12	0	0	0	3	6.00
Awareness	9	0	6	6	5.25	3.77
Support	3	4	0	0	1.75	2.06
Connectivity	0	6	0	0	1.5	3.00
Literacy	0	7	0	0	1.75	3.50
Credibility	0	4	0	0	1	2.00
Privacy	0	2	0	0	0.5	1.00
Accessibility	0	4	0	0	1	2.00
Funding	0	1	0	0	0.25	0.50
Integration	0	6	0	0	1.5	3.00
Collaboration	0	0	9	8	4.25	4.92
Empowerment	0	0	9	7	4	4.69
Sustainability	0	0	3	4	1.75	2.06
Innovation	0	0	3	3	1.5	1.73
Community	0	0	0	3	0.75	1.50

and Figure 2 present a thorough summary of the average and variability in theme keywords across four inquiries regarding the impact of social media on the management of urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan. Communication and engagement emerge as consistently prominent themes, as indicated by their mean scores of 6.75 across all questions. This indicates that stakeholders widely acknowledge the crucial need for effective communication and active engagement in promoting joint efforts for the management of urban green spaces. The topics exhibit a somewhat large standard deviation, suggesting that they are discussed to varying degrees across different settings or perspectives. This variability reflects the unique viewpoints and experiences of the respondents.

In contrast, topics such as education, coordination, awareness, and support have lower average scores, suggesting that they are covered less frequently in the questions. Although these issues remain pertinent, their somewhat lower average values indicate that they may not receive consistent emphasis in debates regarding the influence of social media on the management of urban green spaces. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that several themes, such as coordination and awareness, exhibit moderate standard deviations, indicating diversity in their discussion across various contexts or views of the respondents.

Themes such as connectivity, literacy, credibility, privacy, accessibility, funding, and integration have lower average ratings, suggesting that they are less commonly discussed in relation to the impact of social media on the management of urban green spaces. The relatively low standard deviations for connectedness and literacy indicate that although these subjects may not be extensively discussed, there is some variation in the degree to which they are addressed in different talks or among different groups of respondents. In contrast, concepts such as credibility and privacy exhibit low standard deviations, suggesting that perceptions or debates regarding these themes are more constant across different questions.

Themes such as collaboration, empowerment, sustainability, innovation, and community have comparatively low mean scores, indicating that they are mentioned less frequently in comparison to other themes. Nevertheless, the higher standard deviations in the discussion of collaboration and empowerment imply that although these topics may not be widely discussed in general, there is significant variation in the degree to which they are emphasized or given priority in different discussions or by different respondent groups.

In general, the descriptive analysis highlights the intricate and diverse character of opinions regarding the influence of social media on the management of urban green spaces in Gilgit-Baltistan. Although themes such as communication and engagement are consistently recognized as important, other themes differ in their level of prominence and consistency depending on the context or the perspectives of respondents. This highlights the wide range of viewpoints and experiences within the discussion.

5. Discussion and Findings

The analysis of responses from the study participants reveals the various effects of social media on the management of urban green areas in Gilgit-Baltistan. The analysis of all four research questions revealed consistent main themes, which offer significant insights into the problems, opportunities, and overall dynamics of incorporating stakeholders’ perspectives and social media into land management techniques for urban green areas.

Communication: A recurring topic in all the inquiries is the influence of social media in enabling communication among different individuals involved in the administration of urban green spaces. Social media platforms play a vital role in facilitating efficient communication channels for the dissemination of information, sharing of ideas, and coordination of actions among government agencies, commercial companies, community members, and environmental advocates. Approximately 20% of participants emphasized the significance of communication, underscoring its crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of land management programs.

Engagement: Another key focus is the facilitation of active involvement and participation among stakeholders using social media platforms. Social media facilitates inclusive decision-making and community engagement, hence cultivating a sense of ownership and responsibility among individuals and groups with regards to urban green spaces. Around 11% of participants highlighted the importance of interaction, underscoring the crucial role of social media in promoting active involvement and grassroots participation in land management initiatives.

Awareness: Social media platforms serve as potent instruments for promoting awareness on the significance of urban green areas, environmental conservation, and sustainable development practices. Social media enables the spread of knowledge and information through specific campaigns and initiatives, which helps to gain public support and engagement in efforts linked to the preservation and management of green spaces. Approximately 13% of participants emphasized the importance of awareness, specifically noting the capacity of social media to enhance public comprehension and backing for green space projects.

Collaboration: Social media platforms encourage collaboration among many stakeholders, enabling the pooling of resources, sharing of experiences, and maximizing efforts in the management of urban green spaces. The results emphasize the need for working together to tackle the intricate issues related to urbanization and environmental decline. They also highlight the capacity of social media to promote collaboration and synergy among various stakeholders. Around 18% of participants placed collaboration as a top priority, demonstrating a firm conviction in the effectiveness of joint efforts facilitated by social media.

Empowerment: Social media acts as a catalyst for enabling individuals and groups to actively participate in decision-making processes related to urban green areas. Social media platforms enable stakeholders to advocate for better practices and take charge of green space initiatives by granting them access to information, resources, and networks. This empowerment results in greater engagement and responsibility in the management of land, which in turn enhances the long-term viability and adaptability of urban green spaces. Approximately 15.5% of participants stressed the significance of empowerment, underscoring the transformative capacity of social media in facilitating individuals and communities to take on a more proactive role in managing green spaces.

Challenges: In addition to the many opportunities offered by social media, this research also highlights some obstacles. These include problems concerning digital literacy, connectivity, the reliability of information, and the assistance provided by local authorities and stakeholders. It is essential to tackle these difficulties in order to fully utilize social media’s capabilities in improving the management of urban green areas and advancing sustainable development in Gilgit-Baltistan.

This study’s findings emphasize the substantial impact of social media on the management of urban green areas in Gilgit-Baltistan. Social media platforms provide tremendous prospects for strengthening the sustainability and resilience of urban green areas through facilitating communication, promoting engagement, raising awareness, fostering collaboration, and empowering stakeholders. Nevertheless, it is crucial to tackle the related difficulties in order to fully exploit the capabilities of social media in promoting efficient land management practices and attaining sustainable development objectives in the region.

6. Novelty of Study and Future Directions

An important aspect of this research is its investigation into the diverse effects of social media on the administration of urban green spaces in the particular setting of Gilgit-Baltistan. This research specifically investigates stakeholders’ perspectives and the impact of social media on land management policies and practices concerning urban green spaces in a region with distinct socio-cultural and environmental characteristics. While previous studies have explored the role of social media in areas like marketing, education, and healthcare, this study is unique in its focus on the implications for land management in urban green spaces. This study offers valuable insights into the challenges, opportunities, and dynamics of incorporating social media into land management efforts.

This study contributes to the international discourse on urban green space management by providing a case study from Gilgit-Baltistan, a unique region with distinct socio-economic and environmental challenges. By exploring the influence of social media on land management policies in a developing region, our findings offer valuable insights that can be applied to similar contexts globally. The identification of strong and weak factors through local stakeholders’ claims provides a nuanced understanding that can inform policy reforms and community engagement strategies in other parts of the world facing similar urbanization pressures and resource constraints. This study emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches and the potential of digital platforms in enhancing urban green space management internationally.

7. Limitation of Study

One notable limitation of this study is the lack of interviews conducted with urban planners and architects. While government employees and private firm workers are the primary influencers of land management policies in Gilgit-Baltistan, the full inclusion of urban planners and architects would have provided additional valuable insights. However, due to their limited presence in the region, this study focuses on the key personnel available in public and private organizations among which urban planners and architects also exist. Future research could benefit from exploring regions where urban planners and architects are more actively involved to enhance the comprehensiveness of the findings.

8. Conclusions

Social media can improve urban green space management in Gilgit-Baltistan. Our study shows that stakeholders perceive that social media platforms improve communication, engagement, awareness, collaboration, and stakeholder empowerment. These platforms help spread knowledge, foster conversation, and inspire community action to sustain urban green spaces. About 20% of participants stressed the necessity of communication, citing social media’s function in connecting government agencies, private firms, the community, and environmental advocates. This improved communication is essential for land management program efficiency. A total of 11% of respondents noted engagement, emphasizing the importance of social media in encouraging active participation and community ownership and accountability. Our study found that 13% of participants said that social media raises awareness and supports environmental protection. Social media was also key to collaboration, with 18% of respondents saying it helps pool resources and maximize efforts to address urbanization and environmental issues. In total, 15.5% of participants said that social media empowers stakeholders to advocate for better practices and lead green space efforts. This empowerment increases engagement and accountability, making urban green spaces more sustainable and resilient. However, this study highlights numerous problems that must be solved to properly utilize social media in this setting. To maximize social media use in land management, digital literacy, connectivity, information reliability, and local authority and stakeholder support must be addressed. In conclusion, social media can improve urban green space management in Gilgit-Baltistan. Stakeholders can boost urban green space sustainability and resilience by using social media, supporting sustainable development goals. To understand and improve social media’s function in this field, future research should focus on longitudinal studies, comparative analysis, interdisciplinary collaborations, and emerging technologies.