Research on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking Pre-Fracturing Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of Purely Mechanical Rock-Breaking Methods
1.2. Overview of New Rock-Breaking Technologies
1.3. Overview of Ultrasonic High-Frequency-Vibration Rock-Breaking Methods
2. Principle of Ultrasonic-Coupled Mechanical Rock Breaking
3. Simulation Study on the Cracking Mechanism of Ultrasonic Pre-Crushing
3.1. Uniaxial Compression Test of Rock
3.2. Rock Parameter Inversion
3.3. Simulation and Analysis of Ultrasonic Fracturing Mechanism in Rock
4. Experimental Research on Ultrasonic Pre-Crushing Fracturing Mechanism
4.1. NMR Test before Vibration
4.2. Ultrasonic Cracking Test
5. Study on the Pre-Fracturing Effect of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The best cracking impact of an ultrasonic wave was at the corresponding frequency of 41 kHz, where the acoustic emission accumulation was the largest, reaching 513.
- (2)
- The initial porosity of the red sandstone samples was 12.51%, and the porosity after the application of ultrasonic vibration was 15.04%, with the amount of change in porosity amounting to 2.53% and the rate of change in porosity equaling 20.2238%. The pore volume ratios of the rock samples in different pore-throat radius intervals after ultrasonic vibratory loading were higher than those before ultrasonic vibratory loading. After ultrasonic vibration, the pores and cracks of the rock samples gradually developed and expanded, resulting in the originally small pores gradually becoming larger, accompanied by the generation of new pores, and the ultrasonic waves applied with the intrinsic frequency of the rock caused cracking inside the rock and expanded the size of the pores.
- (3)
- The pure mechanical average cutting force was 6374 N, while the ultrasonic-coupled breaking average cutting force was 4185 N, which is 34.34% lower, and this can be attributed to the loose rock structure induced by the ultrasonic wave. Not only can this coupled rock-breaking technology easily break rock via mechanical cutting, but the lower force applied can also shorten the wear failure period of pickaxe teeth.
- (4)
- The proposed collaborative experimentally based ultrasonic fracture simulation method has high accuracy and reliability, which are conducive to promoting the development of new rock-breaking technology.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Accurate Measuring Range | Deformation Measurement Accuracy | Test Compression Space | Round Specimen Clamping Diameter | Piston Stroke |
---|---|---|---|---|
20–1000 kN | ±0.5% F.S | 600 mm | φ 13–φ 60 mm | 250 mm |
Target Rock | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
Red sandstone | Elastic modulus (MPa) | 5830 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.248 | |
Densities (kg/m3) | 2215 | |
Internal friction angle (°) | 60 | |
Homogeneity coefficient | 5 | |
Uniaxial compressive strength fine average (MPa) | 78 | |
Pressure-to-pull ratio | 30 |
Main Magnetic Field (T) | Main Frequency (MHz) | Pulse Frequency (MHz) | Gradient Field (T/m) | Magnetic Field Stability (Hz/h) | Magnet Temperature (°C) | Magnet Uniformity (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.52 ± 0.05 | 21.3 | 1~49.9 | 0.03 | <300 | 25~35 | 20 |
Core Chamber Size (mm) | Vacuum Pressure Range (MPa) | Full Water Pressure Range (MHz) |
---|---|---|
Φ 120 × 400 | 0~−0.1 | 0~60 |
Sample Material | Pre-Stressing | Loading Frequency | Loading Amplitude | Loading Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
Red sandstone | 200 N | 40 kHz | 40 μm | 20 s |
Red Sandstone Sample | Vibration Duration (s) | Initial Porosity (%) | Post-Vibration Porosity (%) | Porosity Change (%) | Porosity Change Rate (%) |
20 | 12.51 | 15.04 | 2.53 | 20.2238 |
Target Rock | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
Red sandstone | Modulus of elasticity of bond (MPa) | 2200 |
Bond stiffness ratio | 2.1 | |
Bonding tensile strength (MPa) | 6.0 | |
Bond strength ratio | 2.0 | |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.25 | |
Particle friction angle (°) | 64 |
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Liu, C.; Duan, M.; Huang, Y.; Huang, Q.; Liu, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Z. Research on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking Pre-Fracturing Technology. Machines 2023, 11, 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11100934
Liu C, Duan M, Huang Y, Huang Q, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Research on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking Pre-Fracturing Technology. Machines. 2023; 11(10):934. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11100934
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Chengwen, Mingyu Duan, Yizhe Huang, Qibai Huang, Jiaqi Liu, Zhicheng Wang, and Zhifu Zhang. 2023. "Research on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking Pre-Fracturing Technology" Machines 11, no. 10: 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11100934
APA StyleLiu, C., Duan, M., Huang, Y., Huang, Q., Liu, J., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Research on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Ultrasonically Coupled Mechanical Rock-Breaking Pre-Fracturing Technology. Machines, 11(10), 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11100934