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Volume 15
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10.3390/life15020185
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Systematic Review

Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alveolar Cleft Treatment for Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Ebtihal Ali A. Alawami
1,*,
Fouad Alomari
2,*,
Sarah A. Aloqaybi
3,
Qusay Aloweiny
4,
Lina Khalid Alswayed
5,
Narjes W. Alshafai
6,
Rawan Alhelal
5,
Moayad M. Alfuraydi
7,
Abdulaziz Fahad Samandar
8,
Renad Abdulaziz Saleh Alsaeed
9 and
Danah Aldulaijan
10
1
College of Dentistry, Vision Colleges, Riyadh 13226, Saudi Arabia
2
Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, King Faisal Medical City, Abha 62586, Saudi Arabia
3
College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 67614, Saudi Arabia
4
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health and Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
5
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health and Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
6
College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
7
College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail 55475, Saudi Arabia
8
College of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
9
College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
10
College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2025, 15(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020185
Submission received: 2 January 2025 / Revised: 18 January 2025 / Accepted: 21 January 2025 / Published: 26 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Alveolar bone reconstruction with recombinant protein has several advantages, including less surgical timing, and reduced infection. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) as a treatment modality for children with cleft lip and palate compared to the conventional iliac crest bone grafting approach. Methods: For current systematic review and meta-analysis, five electronic databases, namely, MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, were searched. The primary outcome measured in this review was bone volume and height after alveolar bone reconstruction surgery. The Risk of Bias Tool 2 assessed the risk of bias for randomized control trials and the Risk of Bias tool for non-randomized trials of interventions for non-randomized studies. By evaluating pooled meta-analysis, the mean difference was calculated. GRADE uncertainty of evidence was performed to assess the certainty of the results. Results: Of 230 identified studies, 6 randomized and 2 non-randomized studies were included in the current review. The average bone volume was higher among the rhBMP-2 group at 61.11% ± 24.6% than the iliac crest group at 59.12% ±18.59%. The calculated mean bone height was higher in the iliac crest group at 78.65% ± 14.38% than in the rhBMP-2 group at 67.5% ± 5.45%. The risk of bias reported in the studies was low to moderate. The result of the meta-analysis supported using rhBMP-2 in alveolar bone reconstruction; however, no significant association was found (mean difference: −1.24; confidence interval: −4.14 to 1.67). Conclusion: The calculated meta-analysis reported no significant difference, and the quality of evidence measured was also moderate. Hence, more clinical trials are required to support using rhBMP-2 as an alternative to traditional techniques for treating cleft lip and palate.
Keywords: cleft lip/palate; iliac bone graft; rhBMP-2; bone morphogenic protein; absorbable collagen sponge; GRADE certainty of evidence cleft lip/palate; iliac bone graft; rhBMP-2; bone morphogenic protein; absorbable collagen sponge; GRADE certainty of evidence

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alawami, E.A.A.; Alomari, F.; Aloqaybi, S.A.; Aloweiny, Q.; Alswayed, L.K.; Alshafai, N.W.; Alhelal, R.; Alfuraydi, M.M.; Samandar, A.F.; Alsaeed, R.A.S.; et al. Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alveolar Cleft Treatment for Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life 2025, 15, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020185

AMA Style

Alawami EAA, Alomari F, Aloqaybi SA, Aloweiny Q, Alswayed LK, Alshafai NW, Alhelal R, Alfuraydi MM, Samandar AF, Alsaeed RAS, et al. Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alveolar Cleft Treatment for Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life. 2025; 15(2):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020185

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alawami, Ebtihal Ali A., Fouad Alomari, Sarah A. Aloqaybi, Qusay Aloweiny, Lina Khalid Alswayed, Narjes W. Alshafai, Rawan Alhelal, Moayad M. Alfuraydi, Abdulaziz Fahad Samandar, Renad Abdulaziz Saleh Alsaeed, and et al. 2025. "Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alveolar Cleft Treatment for Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Life 15, no. 2: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020185

APA Style

Alawami, E. A. A., Alomari, F., Aloqaybi, S. A., Aloweiny, Q., Alswayed, L. K., Alshafai, N. W., Alhelal, R., Alfuraydi, M. M., Samandar, A. F., Alsaeed, R. A. S., & Aldulaijan, D. (2025). Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Alveolar Cleft Treatment for Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life, 15(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020185

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