Life

15 pages, 1477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Development of a System for Elbow Joint Range of Motion Measurement Based on Image Recognition and Myoelectric Signals

by Hsuan-Kai Kao, Yi-Chao Wu, Chi-Heng Lu, Xiu-Ling Hou, Tsair-Fwu Lee and Chiu-Ching Tuan

Life 2024, 14(12), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121534 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

After a fracture, patients have reduced willingness to bend and extend their elbow joint due to pain, resulting in muscle atrophy, contracture, and stiffness around the elbow. Moreover, this may lead to progressive atrophy of the muscles around the elbow, resulting in permanent [...] Read more.

After a fracture, patients have reduced willingness to bend and extend their elbow joint due to pain, resulting in muscle atrophy, contracture, and stiffness around the elbow. Moreover, this may lead to progressive atrophy of the muscles around the elbow, resulting in permanent functional loss. Currently, a goniometer is used to measure the range of motion, ROM, to evaluate the recovery of the affected limb. However, the measurement process can cause measurement errors ranging from 4 to 5 degrees due to unskilled operation or inaccurate placement, leading to inaccurate judgments of the recovery of the affected limb. In addition, the current measurement methods do not include an assessment of muscle endurance. In this paper, the proposed device combines image recognition and a myoelectric signal sensor to measure the joint movement angle and muscle endurance. The movement angle of the elbow joint is measured using image recognition. Muscle endurance is measured using the myoelectric signal sensor. The measured data are transmitted to a cloud database via an app we have proposed to help medical staff track a patient’s recovery status. The average error value of static image recognition and verification is up to 0.84 degrees. The average error value of dynamic image recognition and verification is less than 1%. The average error of total harmonic distortion (THD) verified by the myoelectric signal sensor is less than ±3%. It was proven that our system could be applied to measuring elbow joint range of motion. Since this is pilot research, most of the measurement subjects are healthy people without dysfunction in arm movement, and it is difficult to observe differences in the measurement results. In the future, experiments will be conducted on patients with elbow fractures through the IRB. This is expected to achieve the effect of encouraging patients to be actively rehabilitated at home through their measurement data and images of their actions being displayed in real time using our cheap and compact device and app. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends and Applications—3rd Edition)

15 pages, 3987 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease: Insights and Future Directions for Effective Management

by Rajendran Poorniammal, Jerald Jernisha, Somasundaram Prabhu and Laurent Dufossé

Life 2024, 14(12), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121533 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Pokkah Boeng disease has been observed in nearly all countries where sugarcane is commercially cultivated. The disease was considered a minor concern in earlier times, but due to climate change, it has now become a major issue. It is caused by fungi, specifically [...] Read more.

Pokkah Boeng disease has been observed in nearly all countries where sugarcane is commercially cultivated. The disease was considered a minor concern in earlier times, but due to climate change, it has now become a major issue. It is caused by fungi, specifically the Fusarium fungal complex. Fusarium fujikuroi, F. sacchari, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans are the major species causing the disease in sugarcane. The disease spreads rapidly, and unpredictable environmental conditions, along with the overlap of crop stages with biotic factors, contributed to its increased severity and varied symptom patterns. This disease is primarily airborne, spreading through air currents. Secondary transmission occurs via infected setts, irrigation water, splashed rain, and soil. It typically emerges during hot and humid conditions, particularly when the sugarcane is experiencing rapid growth. The most effective way to control Pokkah Boeng is by cultivating resistant varieties and removing canes exhibiting ‘top rot’ or ‘knife cut’ symptoms. Apply 0.1% carbendazim, 0.2% copper oxychloride, or 0.3% mancozeb for two to three sprayings at 15-day intervals. Using biological methods to control plant pathogens presents a promising alternative to the heavy reliance on chemical fungicides in modern agriculture, which can lead to environmental pollution and the development of resistant strains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

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9 pages, 438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Continuous Intake of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on Tissues Surrounding Implants: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

by Yusuke Taniguchi, Nao Suzuki, Kae Kakura, Kazunari Tanabe, Ryutaro Ito, Tadahiro Kashiwamura, Akie Fujimoto, Marie Naito, Masahiro Yoneda, Takashi Hanioka and Hirofumi Kido

Life 2024, 14(12), 1532; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121532 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to improve the health of peri-implant tissues through continuous intake of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (LSWB21) tablets. Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 23 maintenance patients who had generally healthy oral peri-implant tissues. Participants were divided into [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the health of peri-implant tissues through continuous intake of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (LSWB21) tablets. Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 23 maintenance patients who had generally healthy oral peri-implant tissues. Participants were divided into a test group (n = 12) receiving LSWB21 tablets and a control group (n = 11) receiving placebos. All patients took one tablet three times daily for 2 months. Evaluation measures included modified Gingival Index (mGI), modified Plaque Index (mPI), modified Bleeding Index (mBI), salivary secretory IgA, and oral symptoms assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. Results: After 2 months, significant improvements in the mGI, mPI, and mBI were observed in the test group; significant improvement in the mPI was observed in the control group. Changes in the mGI over 2 months significantly differed between the groups (p = 0.038), and multiple regression analysis confirmed the effectiveness of LSWB21 in reducing the mGI (p = 0.034). Subjective symptoms such as bad breath in the test group and tongue symptoms in the control group also significantly improved. Conclusion: Continuous intake of LSWB21 may be beneficial for stabilizing peri-implant tissue. Trial registration: UMIN000039392 (UMIN-CTR). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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14 pages, 3977 KiB

Open AccessReview

Anderson–Fabry Disease: Focus on Ophthalmological Implications

by Francesca Giovannetti, Mattia D’Andrea, Federico Bracci, Andrea Frustaci, Cristina Chimenti, Pietro Mangiantini, Alessandro Lambiase and Marco Marenco

Life 2024, 14(12), 1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121531 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including severe complications, such as end-stage renal disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cerebrovascular disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), when initiated early, has been shown to reduce the [...] Read more.

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including severe complications, such as end-stage renal disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cerebrovascular disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), when initiated early, has been shown to reduce the incidence of severe events and slow disease progression. In the classic form, characterized by the absence of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme activity, diagnosis is straightforward. However, when residual activity is present, the delayed and less obvious presentation can make diagnosis more challenging. Ophthalmological alterations, which can be detected through non-invasive examinations may play a crucial role in correctly assessing the patient in terms of diagnosis and prognosis, particularly in these atypical cases. Recognizing these ocular signs allows for timely intervention with ERT, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review highlights the importance of ophthalmological findings in FD, emphasizing their role in diagnosis and treatment planning. By raising awareness among ophthalmologists and healthcare specialists, this review aims to improve disease management, offering tools for early detection and better long-term prognosis in patients with FD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye Manifestations of Systemic Disease, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Machine Learning Model Based on MRI Radiomics to Predict Response to Chemoradiation Among Patients with Rectal Cancer

by Filippo Crimì, Carlo D’Alessandro, Chiara Zanon, Francesco Celotto, Christian Salvatore, Matteo Interlenghi, Isabella Castiglioni, Emilio Quaia, Salvatore Pucciarelli and Gaya Spolverato

Life 2024, 14(12), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121530 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: With rectum-sparing protocols becoming more common for rectal cancer treatment, this study aimed to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) in rectal cancer patients using pre-treatment MRI and a radiomics-based machine learning approach. Methods: We divided MRI-data from [...] Read more.

Background: With rectum-sparing protocols becoming more common for rectal cancer treatment, this study aimed to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) in rectal cancer patients using pre-treatment MRI and a radiomics-based machine learning approach. Methods: We divided MRI-data from 102 patients into a training cohort (n = 72) and a validation cohort (n = 30). In the training cohort, 52 patients were classified as non-responders and 20 as pCR based on histological results from total mesorectal excision. Results: We trained various machine learning models using radiomic features to capture disease heterogeneity between responders and non-responders. The best-performing model achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 73% and an accuracy of 70%, with a sensitivity of 78% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%. In the validation cohort, the model showed a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 75%, and accuracy of 80%. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of radiomics and machine learning in predicting treatment response and support the integration of advanced imaging and computational methods for personalized rectal cancer management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging in Colorectal Cancer)

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10 pages, 559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anatomical Analysis of Bicipital Groove and Its Spur Formation Using 3D-CT: A Retrospective Observational Study

by Hyun Seok Song and Hyungsuk Kim

Life 2024, 14(12), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121529 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Concomitant long head of biceps (LHB) pathologies commonly occur with rotator cuff tears, but LHB problems are often underestimated. There is a lack of studies on the correlation between bicipital groove morphology and biceps pathology, as well as the significance of bony spurs [...] Read more.

Concomitant long head of biceps (LHB) pathologies commonly occur with rotator cuff tears, but LHB problems are often underestimated. There is a lack of studies on the correlation between bicipital groove morphology and biceps pathology, as well as the significance of bony spurs around the groove. This study analyzed the anatomical parameters of the bicipital groove and spur formation using 3D-CT in 111 patients. Biceps spurs were evaluated using 3D and 2D-CT images, and patients were grouped by age (below and above 55 years). The detection rate of biceps spur was higher with 3D-CT (54.0%) than with 2D-CT (42.3%). Spur incidence was significantly greater in older patients (60.3% vs. 45.8%). The average groove width was narrower in older adults (p = 0.006) and larger in men compared to women (p = 0.000). The average spur height was also greater in men (p = 0.039). Lateral spurs were the most common type that was observed. This study highlights the differences in bicipital groove morphology and spur formation by age and gender, with 3D-CT being more effective in detecting biceps spurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Strategies in Fracture Treatments)

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13 pages, 668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advancements and Strategies in Robotic Planning for Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Minor Deformities

by Giacomo Capece, Luca Andriollo, Rudy Sangaletti, Roberta Righini, Francesco Benazzo and Stefano Marco Paolo Rossi

Life 2024, 14(12), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121528 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Knee arthroplasty, commonly performed to treat osteoarthritis, necessitates precise surgical techniques for optimal outcomes. The introduction of systems such as the Persona Knee System (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) has revolutionized knee arthroplasty, promising enhanced precision and better patient outcomes. This study investigates [...] Read more.

Knee arthroplasty, commonly performed to treat osteoarthritis, necessitates precise surgical techniques for optimal outcomes. The introduction of systems such as the Persona Knee System (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) has revolutionized knee arthroplasty, promising enhanced precision and better patient outcomes. This study investigates the application of robotic planning specifically in knee prosthetic surgeries, with a focus on Persona Knee System prostheses. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 300 patients who underwent knee arthroplasty using the Persona Knee System between January 2020 and November 2023, including demographic data, surgical parameters, and preoperative imaging. Robotic planning was employed to simulate surgical procedures. The planning process integrated preoperative imaging data from a specific program adopted for conducting digital preoperative planning, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess correlations between patient characteristics and surgical outcomes. Out of 300 patients, 85% presented with minor deformities, validating the feasibility of robotic planning. Robotic planning demonstrated precise prediction of optimal arthroplasty sizes and alignment, closely aligning with preoperative imaging data. This study highlights the potential benefits of robotic planning in knee arthroplasty surgeries, particularly in cases with minor deformities. By leveraging preoperative imaging data and integrating advanced robotic technologies, surgeons can improve precision and efficacy in knee arthroplasty. Moreover, robotic technology allows for a reduced level of constraint in the intraoperative choice between Posterior-Stabilized and Constrained Posterior-Stabilized liners compared with an imageless navigated procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Total Joint Arthroplasty)

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18 pages, 2530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toxicity of Macroalgae Extracts to Larvae of the Northern House Mosquito

by Ahmed A. Rashed, Yasmin M. Heikal, Robert D. Finn, Mohamed H. Bayoumy, Amged El-Harairy and Dina A. Refaay

Life 2024, 14(12), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121527 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

The continuous use of synthetic insecticides to suppress mosquito larvae has detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. Finding novel and target-specific bio-insecticides has become crucial. Here, the larvicidal and genotoxic activities of different extracts from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata toward [...] Read more.

The continuous use of synthetic insecticides to suppress mosquito larvae has detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. Finding novel and target-specific bio-insecticides has become crucial. Here, the larvicidal and genotoxic activities of different extracts from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata toward Culex pipiens larvae were investigated. The macroalgae thalli were subjected to various solvent extractions followed by phytochemical quantification, larvicidal testing on C. pipiens larvae, genotoxic evaluation through comet assays, and compound characterization by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methylene chloride extract from U. lactuca displayed the highest toxicity with LC₅₀ = 30.99 ppm, followed by the acetone extract from T. ornata, with LC₅₀ = 52.09 ppm after 72 h. U. lactuca exhibited the maximum contents of total alkaloids, total flavonoids, total terpenoids, total phenols, and total tannins with the methanol extract, while the acetone extract from T. ornata exhibited the maximum contents of total alkaloids, total flavonoids, total terpenoids, and total phenols. The methylene chloride extract of U. lactuca and the acetone extract of T. ornata caused significant DNA damage in larva body cells. Thus, the methylene chloride extract from U. lactuca and the acetone extract from T. ornata showed promising potential as environmentally friendly larvicides against C. pipiens larvae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae—a Step Forward in the Sustainability of Resources: 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 2791 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Viability and Motility of Escherichia coli Under Elevated Martian Salt Stresses

by Max Riekeles, Berke Santos, Sherif Al-Morssy Youssef and Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Life 2024, 14(12), 1526; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121526 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of three Martian-relevant salts—sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chloride—on the viability and motility of Escherichia coli, a model organism for understanding microbial responses to environmental stress. These salts are abundant on Mars and play a crucial [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effects of three Martian-relevant salts—sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chloride—on the viability and motility of Escherichia coli, a model organism for understanding microbial responses to environmental stress. These salts are abundant on Mars and play a crucial role in forming brines, one of the few sources of stable liquid water on the planet. We analyze the survivability under different salt concentrations using colony plating. Additionally, we perform a semi-automated motility analysis, analyzing microbial speeds and motility patterns. Our results show that sodium perchlorate is the most toxic, followed by sodium chlorate, with sodium chloride being the least harmful. Both survivability and motility are affected by salt concentration and exposure time. Notably, we observe a short-lived increase in motility at certain concentrations, particularly under sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate stress, despite rapid declines in cell viability, suggesting a stress response mechanism. Given that motility might enhance an organism’s ability to navigate harsh and variable environments, it holds promise as a key biosignature in the search for life on Mars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Astrobiology)

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15 pages, 1079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patterns of C1-Inhibitor Plasma Levels and Kinin–Kallikrein System Activation in Relation to COVID-19 Severity

by Silvia Berra, Debora Parolin, Chiara Suffritti, Andrea Folcia, Andrea Zanichelli, Luca Gusso, Chiara Cogliati, Agostino Riva, Antonio Gidaro and Sonia Caccia

Life 2024, 14(12), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121525 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Although more than four years have passed since the pandemic began, SARS-CoV-2 continues to be of concern. Therefore, research into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease, especially in more severe forms, remains a priority. Sustained activation of [...] Read more.

Background: Although more than four years have passed since the pandemic began, SARS-CoV-2 continues to be of concern. Therefore, research into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease, especially in more severe forms, remains a priority. Sustained activation of the complement (CS), contact (CAS), and fibrinolytic and kinin–kallikrein systems (KKS) has been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Since the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a potent inhibitor of all these systems, its role in the disease has been investigated, but some issues remained unresolved. Methods: We evaluated the impact of C1-INH and KKS on disease progression in a cohort of 45 COVID-19 patients divided into groups according to disease severity. We measured plasma levels of total and functional C1-INH and its complexes with kallikrein (PKa), reflecting KKS activation and kallikrein spontaneous activity. Results: We observed increased total and functional plasma concentrations of C1-INH in COVID-19 patients. A direct correlation (positive Spearman’s r) was observed between C1-INH levels, especially functional C1-INH, and the severity of the disease. Moreover, a significant reduction in the ratio of functional over total C1-INH was evident in patients exhibiting mild to intermediate clinical severity but not in critically ill patients. Accordingly, activation of the KKS, assessed as an increase in PKa:C1-INH complexes, was explicitly observed in the mild categories. Conclusions: Our study’s findings on the consumption of C1-INH and the activation of the KKS in the less severe stages of COVID-19 but not in the critical stage suggest a potential role for C1-INH in containing disease severity. These results underscore the importance of C1-INH in the early phases of the disease and its potential implications in COVID-19 progression and/or long-term effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health Before, During, and After COVID-19)

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8 pages, 210 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study

by Anas M. Almofarreh, Haytham A. Sheerah, Ahmed Arafa, Fairuz A. Algori, Ghonem R. Almutairi, Kafi A. Alenzi, Madiha M. Al-Alsehemi, Banan H. Mekwar, Osama Alzeer and Haneen N. Molla

Life 2024, 14(12), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121524 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic conditions with complex etiologies that may involve dietary factors. This study investigates the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of UC and CD, focusing on [...] Read more.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic conditions with complex etiologies that may involve dietary factors. This study investigates the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of UC and CD, focusing on gender-specific differences. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study, comprising 158 UC patients (93 men and 65 women), 245 CD patients (167 men and 78 women), and 395 controls without IBD (256 men and 139 women), was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Fruit and vegetable consumption data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire distributed before diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for UC and CD among the participants reporting the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Results: Among men, daily vegetable consumption was associated with higher odds of UC in the age-adjusted model [OR (95% CI): 1.78 (1.02, 3.10)], but this association became non-significant after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking, anemia, and elevated liver enzymes [OR (95% CI): 1.70 (0.91, 3.18)]. No significant associations were observed between vegetable consumption and CD. In contrast, the women who consumed vegetables every day had a non-significant inverse association with UC and a significant inverse association with CD in both the age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted models [ORs (95% CIs): 0.44 (0.23, 0.87) and 0.41 (0.20, 0.84), respectively]. Fruit consumption was neither associated with UC nor CD in either sex. Conclusions: Daily vegetable consumption was significantly associated with decreased odds of CD among women, but not men, highlighting potential sex-specific dietary influences on IBD risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Health: Clinical Research and Therapeutic Innovations)

20 pages, 3927 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights

by Jessica Rossi, Marialuisa Zedde, Manuela Napoli, Rosario Pascarella, Anna Pisanello, Giuseppe Biagini and Franco Valzania

Life 2024, 14(12), 1523; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121523 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) displays significant gender disparities, being 1.6 times more prevalent in men, with a median survival time of 15.0 months for males compared to 25.5 months for females. These differences may be linked to gonadal steroid hormones, particularly testosterone, which interacts with [...] Read more.

Glioblastoma (GBM) displays significant gender disparities, being 1.6 times more prevalent in men, with a median survival time of 15.0 months for males compared to 25.5 months for females. These differences may be linked to gonadal steroid hormones, particularly testosterone, which interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) to promote tumor proliferation. Conversely, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), and P4 metabolites exert more complex effects on GBM. Despite these insights, the identification of reliable hormonal tumor markers remains challenging, and studies investigating hormone therapies yield inconclusive results due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous tumor histology. Additionally, genetic, epigenetic, and immunological factors play critical roles in sex disparities, with female patients demonstrating increased O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation and greater genomic instability. These complexities highlight the need for personalized therapeutic strategies that integrate hormonal influences alongside other sex-specific biological characteristics in the management of GBM. In this review, we present the current understanding of the potential role of sex hormones in the natural history of GBM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Neurosteroids on Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders)

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25 pages, 2124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seaweed Nutritional Value and Bioactive Properties: Insights from Ascophyllum nodosum, Palmaria palmata, and Chondrus crispus

by Natália Čmiková, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Dominik Kmiecik, Aneta Tomczak, Agnieszka Drożdżyńska, Mariusz Ślachciński, Łukasz Szala, Sanja Matić, Tijana Marković, Suzana Popović, Dejan Baskic and Miroslava Kačániová

Life 2024, 14(11), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111522 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Palmaria palmata (dulse), Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack), and Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Understanding the nutritional values of these seaweeds is very important due to their potential health benefits, especially their antioxidant properties and cytotoxic [...] Read more.

This study investigates the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Palmaria palmata (dulse), Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack), and Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Understanding the nutritional values of these seaweeds is very important due to their potential health benefits, especially their antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activities, which point to their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess protein content, amino acid composition, mineral profile, fatty acids, polyphenols, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against cervical (HeLa), and colon (HCT-116) cell lines. P. palmata exhibited the highest protein content, while C. crispus was richest in calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Amino acid analysis revealed C. crispus as being particularly high in essential and non-essential amino acids, including alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine. A. nodosum and C. crispus were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A. nodosum showed the highest total carotenoid content. Polyphenol analysis highlighted the presence of compounds such as p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid across the species. Both the ethanolic and hexane A. nodosum extracts demonstrated the strongest antioxidant potential in DPPH^• and ABTS⁺ assays. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed high anticancer activity of A. nodosum and C. crispus hexane extract against HeLa and HCT-116, though it employed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A. nodosum hexane extract exhibited moderate selective anticancer activity against HCT-116. These findings underscore the nutritional diversity and potential health benefits of these macroalgae (seaweed) species, suggesting their suitability as functional foods or supplements, offering diverse nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Natural Compounds: Therapeutic Insights and Applications)

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14 pages, 3154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction Model of Late Fetal Growth Restriction with Machine Learning Algorithms

by Seon Ui Lee, Sae Kyung Choi, Yun Sung Jo, Jeong Ha Wie, Jae Eun Shin, Yeon Hee Kim, Kicheol Kil and Hyun Sun Ko

Life 2024, 14(11), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111521 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinical model to predict late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective study included seven hospitals and was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. Two sets of variables from the first trimester until 13 weeks [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinical model to predict late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective study included seven hospitals and was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. Two sets of variables from the first trimester until 13 weeks (E1) and the early third trimester until 28 weeks (T1) were used to develop the FGR prediction models using a machine learning algorithm. The dataset was randomly divided into training and test sets (7:3 ratio). A simplified prediction model using variables with XGBoost’s embedded feature selection was developed and validated. Results: Precisely 32,301 patients met the eligibility criteria. In the prediction model for the whole cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 at E1 and 0.78 at T1 and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) was 0.23 at E1 and 0.31 at T1 in the training set, while an AUC of 0.62 at E1 and 0.73 at T1 and an AUPR if 0.13 at E1, and 0.24 at T1 were obtained in the test set. The simplified prediction model performed similarly to the original model. Conclusions: A simplified machine learning model for predicting late FGR may be useful for evaluating individual risks in the early third trimester. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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13 pages, 1399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Verbascum ponticum (Stef.) Extract Induces Lung Cancer Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis Pathway

by Pawan S. Faris

Life 2024, 14(11), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111520 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma remains a significant health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional medicines play a central role in cancer therapy, with plant-derived bioactive compounds being studied for their potential to offer fewer side effects than conventional treatments. In [...] Read more.

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma remains a significant health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional medicines play a central role in cancer therapy, with plant-derived bioactive compounds being studied for their potential to offer fewer side effects than conventional treatments. In traditional Kurdish medicine, different Verbascum species are used to treat burns, inflammation, and other conditions. While some species extracts have shown cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines like A549, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of the other species like Verbascum ponticum (V. ponticum) remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of V. ponticum (Stef.) extract, collected from the Kurdistan region of the Iraq mountains, on A549 cells. A comprehensive approach was employed, utilizing immunocytochemical and functional analyses to assess apoptotic morphology, DNA fragmentation, alongside assays for cellular and mitochondrial function, proliferation, and viability. Additionally, the study investigated AIF mitochondrial translocation and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential using the Rhodamine 123 assay. The results showed that the V. ponticum flower extract induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells via disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of AIF, and translocation to the nucleus, independently of the caspase-3-activation pathway. These findings emphasize the potential of V. ponticum in lung cancer strategic treatments, meriting further phytochemical studies to identify the bioactive compounds it contains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases: 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into the Risk Factors and Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome—Results from a Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Romania

by Ioana Bejan, Corneliu Petru Popescu and Simona Maria Ruta

Life 2024, 14(11), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111519 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome represents a cluster of persistent symptoms following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can severely affect quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology in different regions are still under evaluation. To assess the outcomes [...] Read more.

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome represents a cluster of persistent symptoms following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can severely affect quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology in different regions are still under evaluation. To assess the outcomes of post-COVID-19 syndrome, we performed a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study in previously infected individuals. Out of 549 respondents, (male:female ratio: 0.32), 29.5% had persistent symptoms at 3 months, 23.5% had persistent symptoms at 6 months, and 18.3% had persistent symptoms at 12 months after the initial infection. The most common symptoms included fatigue (8.7%), sleep disturbances (7.1%), and cognitive impairment (6.4%). The risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome increased for those with more symptoms in the acute phase (OR 4.24, p < 0.001) and those experiencing reinfections (OR 2.405, p < 0.001), while SARS-CoV-2 vaccination halved the risk (OR = 0.489, p = 0.004). Individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome had a 5.7-fold higher risk of being diagnosed with a new chronic condition, with 44% reporting cardiovascular disease, and a 6.8-fold higher likelihood of needing medical care or leave. Affected individuals reported significant impairments in mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, with 20.7% needing to adjust their work schedules. Overall, patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome require ongoing monitoring and rehabilitation, and further socio-economic impact studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health Before, During, and After COVID-19)

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13 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spinal Neuromodulation for Respiratory Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

by Alexander Ovechkin, Tatiana Moshonkina, Natalia Shamantseva, Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii, Aastha Suthar, Niraj Tharu, Alex Ng and Yury Gerasimenko

Life 2024, 14(11), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111518 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

(1) Background: Neurological deficits associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exacerbate respiratory dysfunction, necessitating rehabilitation strategies that address both. Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) can facilitate the excitation of respiratory spinal neural networks in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Neurological deficits associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exacerbate respiratory dysfunction, necessitating rehabilitation strategies that address both. Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) can facilitate the excitation of respiratory spinal neural networks in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study evaluates the efficacy of combining scTS with respiratory training (RT) to improve respiratory function in individuals with post-COVID-19 pulmonary deficits; (2) Methods: In this before–after, case-controlled clinical trial, five individuals with post-acute COVID-19 respiratory deficits participated in two interventional programs: 10 daily sessions of respiratory training (RT), followed by 10 daily sessions of scTS combined with RT (scTS + RT). Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), time-to-peak inspiratory flow (tPIF), and time-to-peak expiratory flow (tPEF) were assessed at baseline and after each program; (3) Results: Compared to RT alone, the scTS + RT intervention resulted in an average effect size that was twice as large, with significant increases in FVC and PEF, and a significant decrease in tPEF; (4) Conclusions: The scTS-induced activation of respiratory neuronal networks, when combined with respiratory training, offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating persistent respiratory deficits in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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15 pages, 3048 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Olfactory Selection Preferences of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults Toward Lauraceae Plants

by Cong Chen, Zhaoyan Lin, Jingyi Du, Jingyi Huang, Chunmei Ling and Jianfeng Chen

Life 2024, 14(11), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111517 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Cinnamomum camphora is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species because of its high content of terpenoids. However, it is curious that Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, a recently recorded wood-boring pest, has widely infested C. camphora plantations across various administrative districts in Shanghai. The larvae, being [...] Read more.

Cinnamomum camphora is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species because of its high content of terpenoids. However, it is curious that Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, a recently recorded wood-boring pest, has widely infested C. camphora plantations across various administrative districts in Shanghai. The larvae, being concealed within the trunk of C. camphora trees, exhibit characteristics such as hidden activity, strong destructiveness, and being difficult to control. While the primary host plant for P. tsushimanus is C. camphora, preliminary observations have shown that the pest can also complete its life cycle on Cinnamomum chekiangensis and Phoebe chekiangensis. To explore the host selection preference of this beetle, the present study aimed to investigate the olfactory selection behavior of P. tsushimanus adults towards C. camphora, C. chekiangensis, and P. chekiangensis. Results from choice and no-choice tests indicated that both male and female adults exhibited a feeding preference for C. camphora twigs, with females showing a preference for laying eggs on camphor tree twigs as well. Volatile compounds unique in camphor trees were significantly higher in relative content than those on the other two plants that were detected. The Y-shaped olfactometer experiments and electroantennography measurements results showed that male and female adults of P. tsushimanus had a positive chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. camphora and a negative chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. chekiangensis or P. chekiangensis. Overall, the findings suggest that both male and female adults have a selective preference for volatiles released by the camphor tree, and this provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and controlling the occurrence of this weevil pest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chemosensory-Based Behaviorally, Physiologically, and Molecularly Manipulated Technology of Pest Insects)

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10 pages, 871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catheter-Directed Arterial Thrombolysis with a Low-Dose Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Regimen for Acute Lower Limb Ischemia—Results of the First Regional Registry of Acute Limb Ischemia in Romania

by Sorin Barac, Roxana Ramona Onofrei, Octavian Barbu, Stelian Pantea, Cristina Pleșoianu, Ciprian Gîndac, Bogdan Timar and Andreea Luciana Rață

Life 2024, 14(11), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111516 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Acute limb ischemia is a limb-threatening condition that is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity, with the latter related to acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis that can rapidly lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.

Acute limb ischemia is a limb-threatening condition that is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity, with the latter related to acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis that can rapidly lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis in acute lower limb ischemia in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Timișoara, Romania. A total of 158 patients (114 males—72.15% and 44 females—27.85%) with symptoms of acute lower limb ischemia were admitted and treated with catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis following our protocol. The amputation-free survival rate at 1 month after the thrombolysis was 82.3%, and at 6 months it was 77.85%. The performance of additional procedures to obtain distal perfusion was predictive of an improved outcome at 30 days. The estimated survival rate at 6 months was 84.81% (SE 0.02). The mean survival time was 158.74 days. We recommend the usage of a thrombolytic regimen in patients with a life expectancy of more than 6 months, even in Rutherford stage IIb patients, if there is no major impairment in the sensorial and mobility function of the ischemic leg. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Disease: Etiologic, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Research—2nd Edition)

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