Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Electrification of S-PVC Tubes and Formation of the DD-Field for Insect Capture
2.3. Construction of the DD-EFP
2.4. Assay of the Ability of Colored DD-EFP to Attract Insects
2.5. Simplification of DD-EFP Insect-Capturing System for Practical Use
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrification of an Insulator Tube by Charged Colored Water
3.2. Construction of the DD-EFP for Capturing Insects
3.3. Addition of Insect-Attracting Ability to the DD-EFP
3.4. Feasibility of the DD-EFP for Practical Use
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DD-EFP Used | Test Insect | Negative and Positive Voltage (kV) Applied to S-PVC-Tubes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | ||
Non-colored | Whiteflies | 0 | 21.2 ± 7.5 a | 68.5 ± 2.5 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 | 100 |
Western flower thrips | 0 | 9.5 ± 0.8 b | 38.7 ± 1.5 b | 82.5 ± 2.5 b | 100 a | 100 | 100 | |
Vegetable leafminers | 0 | 1.5 ± 0.09 c | 22.8 ± 1.7 c | 64.6 ± 4.3 c | 83.4 ± 1.8 b | 100 | 100 | |
Yellow-colored | Whiteflies | 0 | 19.9 ± 3.3 a | 61.6 ± 1.8 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 | 100 |
Western flower thrips | 0 | 8.8 ± 0.7 b | 30.9 ± 2.1 b | 85.1 ± 1.3 b | 100 a | 100 | 100 | |
Vegetable leafminers | 0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 c | 20.8 ± 0.7 c | 69.6 ± 2.3 c | 84.5 ± 2.2 b | 100 | 100 | |
Blue-colored | Whiteflies | 0 | 20.3 ± 4.5 a | 68.5 ± 2.5 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 | 100 |
Western flower thrips | 0 | 9.2 ± 0.4 b | 38.7 ± 1.5 b | 83.7 ± 2.2 b | 100 a | 100 | 100 | |
Vegetable leafminers | 0 | 1.2 ± 0.09 c | 24.1 ± 1.6 c | 66.8 ± 2.3 c | 87.4 ± 2.2 b | 100 | 100 | |
Red-colored | Whiteflies | 0 | 21.9 ± 7.5 a | 62.8 ± 1.9 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 | 100 |
Western flower thrips | 0 | 8.9 ± 1.1 b | 38.7 ± 1.5 b | 86.5 ± 0.5 b | 100 a | 100 | 100 | |
Vegetable leafminers | 0 | 1.1 ± 0.08 c | 21.9 ± 2.4 c | 62.5 ± 3.9 c | 82.9 ± 1.4 b | 100 | 100 |
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Takikawa, Y.; Nonomura, T.; Sonoda, T.; Matsuda, Y. Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses. Insects 2021, 12, 960. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110960
Takikawa Y, Nonomura T, Sonoda T, Matsuda Y. Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses. Insects. 2021; 12(11):960. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110960
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakikawa, Yoshihiro, Teruo Nonomura, Takahiro Sonoda, and Yoshinori Matsuda. 2021. "Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses" Insects 12, no. 11: 960. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110960
APA StyleTakikawa, Y., Nonomura, T., Sonoda, T., & Matsuda, Y. (2021). Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses. Insects, 12(11), 960. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110960