Study on the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material on the Regeneration Performance of Waste Fresh Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Proportioning of Concrete
2.2.2. Slump and Mechanical Properties
2.2.3. Freeze–Thaw Resistance
2.2.4. Microstructure Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mechanical Properties
3.1.1. Effect of Adding Fly Ash Alone
3.1.2. Effect of Composite Addition of Fly Ash and Nano-Silica
3.2. Slump
3.3. Freeze–Thaw Resistance
3.4. Microstructure Analysis
3.4.1. XRD
3.4.2. FTIR
3.4.3. SEM
3.4.4. EDS
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Nano-Silica on Hydration and Hardening of RFC
4.2. Effect of Fly Ash on Hydration and Hardening of RFC
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The early strength of RFC-F added with FA alone is poor. The synergistic effect of FA and NS added together makes the early and late mechanical properties of RFC-SF significantly improved. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength at 7 d are increased by 15.2% and 20.5% at most, and the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength at 90 d are increased by 50.3% and 76.4% at most.
- (2)
- Adding FA increased the slump of RFC from 150 mm to 185 mm or more; adding NS absorbed free water and reduced the fluidity of concrete. However, the slump of RFC-SF with two materials remains between 120 mm and 185 mm.
- (3)
- The addition of FA alone improved the freeze–thaw performance of RFC-F, and the combined addition of FA and NS further improved the freeze–thaw performance of RFC-SF. Compared with RFC, the mass loss of RFC-F15 and RFC-S3F15 decreased by 31.9% and 42.6% after freeze–thaw cycles.
- (4)
- XRD and FTIR showed that the addition of FA delayed the early hydration process of RFC-F. In contrast, the addition of FA and NS accelerated the hydration degree of RFC-SF, reduced the content of CH in the hydration products, and refined the grain size of CH.
- (5)
- The results of SEM and EDS indicated that the microstructure of RFC-F15 with FA became denser, and the microstructure of RFC-S3F15 with FA and NS was improved obviously, as some pores were filled with C-S-H. Compared with RFC-J, the Ca/Si ratio of RFC-F15-J and RFC-S3F15-J decreased by 0.39 and 0.91.
- (6)
- As an environmentally friendly material, RFC is conducive to promoting the sustainability of building materials. The effect of more solid wastes such as waste fiber and waste glass on the performance of RFC needs further study, and more efficient recovery methods of WFC need to be actively explored by engineers.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | Fe2O3 | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Cr2O3 | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cement | 31.5 | 10.7 | 46.19 | 3.93 | 3.31 | 1.31 | 0.76 | / | 2.3 |
fly ash | 40.1 | 29.3 | 3.69 | 14.9 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 0.58 | 5.94 | 3.55 |
Exterior | Average Particle Size/nm | Content/% | Solvent | pH Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Transparent liquid | 15 ± 5 | 30 | Transparent liquid | 9–11 |
Samples | Cement Paste | Aggregate | WFC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Water | FA | NS | PS | Additional Water | Sand | Gravel | ||
NC | 360 | 180 | - | - | 2.5 | - | 760 | 1100 | - |
RFC | 252 | 126 | - | - | 1.8 | - | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-F10 | 216 | 126 | 36 | - | 1.8 | - | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-F15 | 198 | 126 | 54 | - | 1.8 | - | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-F20 | 180 | 126 | 72 | - | 1.8 | - | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S1F10 | 214.9 | 123.5 | 36 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S3F10 | 212.8 | 118.4 | 36 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 7.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S5F10 | 210.6 | 113.4 | 36 | 18 | 1.8 | 12.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S1F15 | 196.9 | 123.5 | 54 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S3F15 | 194.8 | 118.4 | 54 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 7.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S5F15 | 192.6 | 113.4 | 54 | 18 | 1.8 | 12.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S1F20 | 178.9 | 123.5 | 72 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S3F20 | 176.8 | 118.4 | 72 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 7.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
RFC-S5F20 | 174.6 | 113.4 | 72 | 18 | 1.8 | 12.6 | 532 | 770 | 720.7 |
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Wang, W.; Zhang, D.; Liu, L.; Zhang, X.; Wang, Y. Study on the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material on the Regeneration Performance of Waste Fresh Concrete. Buildings 2023, 13, 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030687
Wang W, Zhang D, Liu L, Zhang X, Wang Y. Study on the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material on the Regeneration Performance of Waste Fresh Concrete. Buildings. 2023; 13(3):687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030687
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Weicheng, Daoming Zhang, Linqing Liu, Xueyuan Zhang, and Yue Wang. 2023. "Study on the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material on the Regeneration Performance of Waste Fresh Concrete" Buildings 13, no. 3: 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030687
APA StyleWang, W., Zhang, D., Liu, L., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2023). Study on the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Material on the Regeneration Performance of Waste Fresh Concrete. Buildings, 13(3), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030687