Women’s Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
3.1. Sexual Habits
3.2. Access to Contraceptive Methods
3.3. Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy
3.4. Gender-Based Violence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total n (%) 1778 (100) |
---|---|
Age | |
15–19 years old | 170 (9.6) |
20–24 years old | 189 (10.6) |
25–29 years old | 211 (11.9) |
30–34 years old | 249 (14) |
35–39 years old | 308 (17.3) |
40–44 years old | 335 (18.8) |
45–49 years old | 316 (17.8) |
Relationship situation | |
Lives with her partner | 1011 (56.9) |
Steady partner, but not living together | 325 (18.3) |
No steady partner | 442 (24.9) |
Schooling level | |
Elementary school | 84 (4.7) |
High school | 917 (51.9) |
University studies | 767 (43.4) |
Nationality | |
Spanish | 1602 (90.2) |
Other | 174 (9.8) |
Income level | |
Low | 401 (25.8) |
Average-low | 663 (42.6) |
Average | 300 (19.3) |
High | 191 (12.3) |
Sexual Relationships | Total n (%) | Age | Relationship Situation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–19 n (%) | 20–24 n (%) | 25–29 n (%) | 30–34 n (%) | 35–39 n (%) | 40–44 n (%) | 45–49 n (%) | Lives with Her Partner n (%) | With a Partner, but Not Living Together n (%) | No Steady Partner n (%) | ||
Increased | 193 (11.3) | 10 (8.5) | 19 (10.4) | 28 (13.4) | 31 (12.6) | 44 (14.5) | 35 (10.6) | 35 (8.3) | 152 (15.2) | 30 (9.6) | 11 (2.8) |
Reduced | 362 (21.4) | 31 (25.6) | 56 (30.7) | 49 (23.5) | 57 (23.3) | 51 (17.1) | 65 (19.8) | 65 (17.2) | 175 (17.6) | 102 (32.6) | 85 (21.9) |
Unchanged | 169 (42.8) | 15 (12.3) | 51 (27.9) | 88 (42.2) | 104 (42.6) | 143 (47.8) | 157 (47.7) | 157 (53.6) | 620 (62.0) | 63 (20.2) | 44 (11.3) |
No sexual relationships | 400 (23.6) | 64 (53.6) | 55 (30.1) | 44 (21.1) | 52 (21.3) | 60 (19.9) | 66 (20.1) | 66 (18.9) | 38 (3.8) | 117 (37.6) | 244 (63.2) |
DNK/DNA | 17 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (1.8) | 6 (2.0) | 13 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) |
Have You Needed ECP? | Total n (%) | Age | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15–19 n (%) | 20–24 n (%) | 25–29 n (%) | 30–34 n (%) | 35–39 n (%) | 40–44 n (%) | 45–49 n (%) | ||
Yes | 47 (2.8) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (3.0) | 11 (5.5) | 1 (0.3) | 17 (5.6) | 6 (1.9) | 6 (1.8) |
No | 1646 (96.9) | 118 (98.9) | 177 (97.0) | 197 (94.5) | 243 (99.5) | 282 (94.0) | 323 (97.8) | 306 (97.5) |
DNK/DNA | 0 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (0.7) |
Variables | Have You Been a Victim of Gender-Based Violence? | |
---|---|---|
Yes n (%) 38 (2.2) | No n (%) 1649 (97.8) | |
Schooling level | ||
Elementary school | 6 (7.6) | 73 (92.4) |
High school | 19 (2.2) | 836 (97.8) |
University studies | 13 (1.9) | 740 (98.1) |
Income level | ||
Low | 18 (4.7) | 366 (95.3) |
Average-low | 17 (2.5) | 635 (97.5) |
Average | 2 (0.7) | 290 (99.3) |
High | 0 (0) | 185 (100) |
Religious beliefs | ||
Practicing Catholic | 19 (8) | 214 (92) |
Lapsed Catholic | 8 (1.1) | 708 (98.9) |
Other religions | 2 (1.6) | 100 (98.4) |
Agnostic/Atheist | 9 (1.4) | 635 (98.6) |
Children | ||
Yes | 21 (2.44) | 839 (97.5) |
No | 17 (2) | 817 (98) |
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Leon-Larios, F.; Silva Reus, I.; Lahoz Pascual, I.; Quílez Conde, J.C.; Puente Martínez, M.J.; Gutiérrez Ales, J.; Correa Rancel, M. Women’s Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 4074. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144074
Leon-Larios F, Silva Reus I, Lahoz Pascual I, Quílez Conde JC, Puente Martínez MJ, Gutiérrez Ales J, Correa Rancel M. Women’s Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(14):4074. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144074
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeon-Larios, Fatima, Isabel Silva Reus, Isabel Lahoz Pascual, José Cruz Quílez Conde, María José Puente Martínez, José Gutiérrez Ales, and Marta Correa Rancel. 2022. "Women’s Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14: 4074. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144074
APA StyleLeon-Larios, F., Silva Reus, I., Lahoz Pascual, I., Quílez Conde, J. C., Puente Martínez, M. J., Gutiérrez Ales, J., & Correa Rancel, M. (2022). Women’s Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(14), 4074. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144074