Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis of the Disease
3. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
4. Treatment
5. Targeting the Clone
- The role of radiotherapy
- b.
- Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)
- c.
- Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs): Lenalidomide and thalidomide therapy
- d.
- Melphalan and corticosteroid
- e.
- Bortezomib and dexamethasone
- f.
- Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
- Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (Daratumumab and Isatuximab)Daratumumab combined with lenalidomide in relapsed MM was proven effective [100,101] and the responses to daratumumab in light chain amyloidosis have been well documented [102]. In patients with POEMS syndrome, the response to daratumumab and lenalidomide was remarkable as well based on case reports. This suggests that this combination is a promising less toxic alternative to ASCT that warrants further exploration in both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients [103]. Importantly, this regimen provides rapid, deep and durable responses and restores their functionality [104]. This regimen was suggested in multidrug resistant patients but needs further evaluation using prospective studies [103]. A phase II clinical trial (NCT04396496) at the University of Arkansas in the United States is currently investigating the effects of daratumumab combined with lenalidomide (up to 12 four-week cycles) with the primary objective being the outcome of neuropathy and performance status of patients. Another anti-CD38 immunotherapy isatuximab which is approved for relapsed/refractory MM may also be effective in the treatment of POEMS syndrome but its use in POEMS syndrome has not yet been reported.
- Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (Bevacizumab)In theory the use of bevacizumab was appealing in many cases [19,74,104,105,106,107,108]. The benefit was noticed in patients who received bevacizumab during alkylator therapy or preceding therapy [105,106]. The treatment was combined with ASCT or high dose chemotherapy [70,74] or with radiation therapy and cyclophosphamide. Clinical response and anti-VEGF response within 6 months of therapy were observed [86]. Yet, other reports where the patients were treated with bevacizumab died shortly after treatment [68,107,108]. When bevacizumab was used solely, serum VEGF decreased rapidly. However, the number of patients included in different studies was small, and a significant proportion of patients did not respond or died during treatment [108,109,110]. Due to lack of efficacy and potential for increasing mortality in some reports, bevacizumab should not be used in clinical practice for treatment of POEMS syndrome.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapyBecause the treatments for MM were expected to be useful in many patients with POEMS, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have been used in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with excellent response. Recently, a report of treatment by anti-BCMA CAR-T cells in POEMS demonstrated that the treatment may be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with POEMS syndrome and RRMM who do not respond well to traditional therapies [111]. We caution against routine referral of POEMS syndrome for CAR-T therapy because the experience so far is very limited.
- Comparison of all regimensA retrospective analysis of 347 patients compared ASCT to MDex and LDex groups. ASCT was well tolerated and had the highest response and PFS rates out of all three regimens [70]. One explanation is that ASCT eradicates the underlying plasma cell clones. Yet, patients undergoing ASCT were younger with better organ function and therefore lower risk patients compared to MDex and LDex groups who were typically higher risks not eligible for ASCT. No significant difference in OS was observed between all three treatments. MDex therapy in low-risk patients achieved a response similar to that of ASCT, but that was not the case in patients categorized as medium or high-risk. LDex was highly effective in patients newly diagnosed with a similar response rate and OS as those treated with ASCT. PFS was inferior in high-risk patients even after ASCT therapy. Therefore, utilizing LDex for newly diagnosed patients is a consideration especially those who do not want ASCT or are not candidate for it [112].
6. Targeting the Symptoms of the Disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- b.
- Targeting extravascular fluid overload
- c.
- Renal disease
- d.
- Abnormal pulmonary and heart functions
- e.
- Organomegaly
- f.
- Endocrinopathy
- g.
- Papilledema
- h.
- Sclerotic bone lesions
- i.
- Targeting skin changes
- j.
- Thrombocytosis, polycythemia, and thrombosis
7. Response Assessment
8. Prognosis of the Disease
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bardwick, P.; Zvaifler, N.J.; Gill, G.N.; Newman, D.; Greenway, G.D.; Resnick, D.L. Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes: The POEMS syndrome. Report on two cases and a review of the literature. Medicine 1980, 59, 311–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanada, I.; Takatsuki, K. Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorder: Clinical and laboratory features of 109 reported cases. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 1983, 13, 543–556. [Google Scholar]
- Crow, R.S. Peripheral neuritis in myelomatosis. Br. Med. J. 1956, 2, 802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Dispenzieri, A.; Kyle, R.A.; Lacy, M.Q.; Rajkumar, S.V.; Therneau, T.M.; Larson, D.R.; Greipp, P.R.; Witzig, T.E.; Basu, R.; Suarez, G.A.; et al. POEMS syndrome: Definitions and long-term outcome: Presented in abstract form at the 41st annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology, New Orleans, LA, December 3–7, 1999. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2003, 101, 2496–2506. [Google Scholar]
- Lacy, M.Q.; Gertz, M.A.; Hanson, C.A.; Inwards, D.J.; Kyle, R.A. Multiple myeloma associated with diffuse osteosclerotic bone lesions: A clinical entity distinct from osteosclerotic myeloma (POEMS syndrome). Am. J. Hematol. 1997, 56, 288–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watanabe, O.; Arimura, K.; Kitajima, I.; Osame, M.; Maruyama, I. Greatly raised vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in POEMS syndrome. Lancet 1996, 347, 702. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Soubrier, M.; Dubost, J.-J.; Serre, A.F.; Ristori, J.-M.; Sauvezie, B.; Cathebras, P.; Piette, J.-C.; Chapman, A.; Authier, F.-J.; Gherardi, R.K. Growth factors in POEMS syndrome: Evidence for a marked increase in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Arthritis Rheum. Off. J. Am. Coll. Rheumatol. 1997, 40, 786–787. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Isshiki, Y.; Oshima, M.; Mimura, N.; Kayamori, K.; Miyamoto-Nagai, Y.; Seki, M.; Nakajima-Takagi, Y.; Kanamori, T.; Iwamoto, E.; Muto, T.; et al. Unraveling unique features of plasma cell clones in POEMS syndrome with single-cell analysis. JCI Insight 2022, 7, e151482. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Huang, X.-F.; Cai, Q.-Q.; Cao, X.-X.; Cai, H.; Zhou, D.; Li, J. Remarkable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone marrow plasma cells of patients with POEMS syndrome. Leuk. Res. 2016, 50, 78–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gurram, M.K.; Pulivarthi, S. An atypical presentation of POEMS syndrome with IgG kappa type M protein and normal VEGF level: Case report and review of literature. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 2018, 14, 679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ikeda, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Saito, M.; Komatsuda, A.; Ubukawa, K.; Kameoka, Y.; Takahashi, N. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry for the Identification of Neoplastic Plasma Cells in POEMS Syndrome with IgG-kappa Gammopathy: Successful Treatment Using Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone. Intern. Med. 2019, 58, 3461–3468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Li, J.; Huang, Z.; Duan, M.-H.; Zhang, W.; Chen, M.; Cao, X.-X.; Guan, H.-Z.; Tian, Z.; Zhou, D.-B. Characterization of immunoglobulin λ light chain variable region (IGLV) gene and its relationship with clinical features in patients with POEMS syndrome. Ann. Hematol. 2012, 91, 1251–1255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kawajiri-Manako, C.; Mimura, N.; Fukuyo, M.; Namba, H.; Rahmutulla, B.; Nagao, Y.; Togasaki, E.; Shimizu, R.; Oshima-Hasegawa, N.; Tsukamoto, S.; et al. Clonal immunoglobulin λ light-chain gene rearrangements detected by next generation sequencing in POEMS syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 2018, 93, 1161–1168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hashiguchi, T.; Arimura, K.; Matsumuro, K.; Otsuka, R.; Watanabe, O.; Jonosono, M.; Maruyama, Y.; Maruyama, I.; Osame, M. Highly concentrated vascular endothelial growth factor in platelets in Crow–Fukase syndrome. Muscle Nerve Off. J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagn. Med. 2000, 23, 1051–1056. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakano, A.; Mitsui, T.; Endo, I.; Takeda, Y.; Ozaki, S.; Matsumoto, T. Solitary plasmacytoma with VEGF overproduction: Report of a patient with polyneuropathy. Neurology 2001, 56, 818–819. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scarlato, M.; Previtali, S.C.; Carpo, M.; Pareyson, D.; Briani, C.; Del Bo, R.; Nobile-Orazio, E.; Quattrini, A.; Comi, G.P. Polyneuropathy in POEMS syndrome: Role of angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis. Brain 2005, 128, 1911–1920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, J.; Zhou, D.-B. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of POEMS syndrome. Br. J. Haematol. 2013, 161, 303–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Briani, C.; Fedrigo, M.; Manara, R.; Castellani, C.; Zambello, R.; Citton, V.; Campagnolo, M.; Torre, C.D.; Lucchetta, M.; Orvieto, E.; et al. Pachymeningeal involvement in POEMS syndrome: MRI and histopathological study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2012, 83, 33–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- D’Souza, A.; Hayman, S.R.; Buadi, F.; Mauermann, M.; Lacy, M.Q.; Gertz, M.A.; Kyle, R.A.; Kumar, S.; Greipp, P.R.; Lust, J.A.; et al. The utility of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with POEMS syndrome. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2011, 118, 4663–4665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Misawa, S.; Sato, Y.; Katayama, K.; Nagashima, K.; Aoyagi, R.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sobue, G.; Koike, H.; Yabe, I.; Sasaki, H.; et al. Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with POEMS syndrome: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016, 15, 1129–1137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gherardi, R.K.; Authier, F.J.; Belec, L. Pro-inflammatory cytokines: A pathogenic key of POEMS syndrome. Rev. Neurol. 1996, 152, 409–412. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Arimura, K. Antibodies directed to voltage-gated potassium channels in sera from acquired neuromyotonia and related disorders. Rinsho Shinkeigaku [Clin. Neurol.] 1999, 39, 1235–1236. [Google Scholar]
- Dispenzieri, A. POEMS syndrome: 2017 Update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am. J. Hematol. 2017, 92, 814–829. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kelly, J.J.; Kyle, R.A.; Miles, J.M.; Dyck, P.J. Osteosclerotic myeloma and peripheral neuropathy. Neurology 1983, 33, 202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glazebrook, K.; Bonilla, F.L.G.; Johnson, A.; Leng, S.; Dispenzieri, A. Computed tomography assessment of bone lesions in patients with POEMS syndrome. Eur. Radiol. 2015, 25, 497–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, X.; Hu, S.; Luo, X.; Luo, M.; You, H.; Zhu, Y.; Xi, X. CT characteristics in 24 patients with POEMS syndrome. Acta Radiol. 2016, 57, 51–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gandhi, G.Y.; Basu, R.; Dispenzieri, A.; Basu, A.; Montori, V.; Brennan, M.D. Endocrinopathy in POEMS Syndrome: The Mayo Clinic Experience. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Cui, R.-T.; Yu, S.-Y.; Huang, X.-S.; Zhang, J.-T.; Tian, C.-L.; Dou, L.-P.; Pu, C.-Q. Incidence and risk factors of pleural effusions in patients with POEMS syndrome. Hematol. Oncol. 2015, 33, 80–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Allam, J.S.; Kennedy, C.C.; Aksamit, T.R.; Dispenzieri, A. Pulmonary manifestations in patients with POEMS syndrome: A retrospective review of 137 patients. Chest 2008, 133, 969–974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sinisalo, M.; Hietaharju, A.; Sauranen, J.; Wirta, O. Thalidomide in POEMS syndrome: Case report. Am. J. Hematol. 2004, 76, 66–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, C.; Zhou, Y.-L.; Cai, H.; Cheng, X.-Q.; Zhang, W.; Kang, W.-Y.; Qin, X.-Z.; Duan, M.-H.; Han, H.-J.; Cao, X.-X.; et al. Markedly elevated serum total N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen is a novel marker for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with POEMS syndrome. Haematologica 2014, 99, e78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lesprit, P.; Authier, F.J.; Gherardi, R.; Bélec, L.; Paris, D.; Melliere, D.; Godeau, B. Acute arterial obliteration: A new feature of the POEMS syndrome? Medicine 1996, 75, 226–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dispenzieri, A. POEMS syndrome: Update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am. J. Hematol. 2012, 87, 804–814. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dao, L.N.; Hanson, C.A.; Dispenzieri, A.; Morice, W.G.; Kurtin, P.J.; Hoyer, J.D. Bone marrow histopathology in POEMS syndrome: A distinctive combination of plasma cell, lymphoid, and myeloid findings in 87 patients. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2011, 117, 6438–6444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nasu, S.; Misawa, S.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Shibuya, K.; Kanai, K.; Fujimaki, Y.; Ohmori, S.; Mitsuma, S.; Koga, S.; Kuwabara, S. Different neurological and physiological profiles in POEMS syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2012, 83, 476–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sung, J.-Y.; Kuwabara, S.; Ogawara, K.; Kanai, K.; Hattori, T. Patterns of nerve conduction abnormalities in POEMS syndrome. Muscle Nerve Off. J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagn. Med. 2002, 26, 189–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Min, J.-H.; Hong, Y.-H.; Lee, K.-W. Electrophysiological features of patients with POEMS syndrome. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2005, 116, 965–968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mauermann, M.L.; Sorenson, E.J.; Dispenzieri, A.; Mandrekar, J.; Suarez, G.A.; Dyck, P.J.; Dyck, P.J.B. Uniform demyelination and more severe axonal loss distinguish POEMS syndrome from CID. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2012, 83, 480–486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Piccione, E.A.; Engelstad, J.; Dyck, P.J.; Mauermann, M.L.; Dispenzieri, A.; Dyck, P.J.B. Nerve pathologic features differentiate POEMS syndrome from CID. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 2016, 4, 116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- He, T.; Zhao, A.; Zhao, H.; Cai, H.; Feng, J.; Zhang, L.; Cao, X.; Zhou, D.; Li, J. Clinical characteristics and the long-term outcome of patients with atypical POEMS syndrome variant with undetectable monoclonal gammopathy. Ann. Hematol. 2019, 98, 735–743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dispenzieri, A.; Lacy, M.Q.; Hayman, S.R.; Kumar, S.K.; Buadi, F.; Dingli, D.; Litzow, M.R.; Gastineau, D.A.; Inwards, D.J.; Elliott, M.A.; et al. Peripheral blood stem cell transplant for POEMS syndrome is associated with high rates of engraftment syndrome. Eur. J. Haematol. 2008, 80, 397–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Zhou, D.-B.; Huang, Z.; Jiao, L.; Duan, M.-H.; Zhang, W.; Zhao, Y.-Q.; Shen, T. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with POEMS syndrome in China. Ann. Hematol. 2011, 90, 819–826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stankowski-Drengler, T.; Gertz, M.A.; A Katzmann, J.; Lacy, M.Q.; Kumar, S.; Leung, N.; Hayman, S.R.; Buadi, F.; Kyle, R.A.; Rajkumar, S.V.; et al. Serum immunoglobulin free light chain measurements and heavy chain isotype usage provide insight into disease biology in patients with POEMS syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 2010, 85, 431–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dispenzieri, A. Ushering in a new era for POEMS. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2011, 117, 6405–6406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaccard, A. POEMS Syndrome: Therapeutic Options. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. 2018, 32, 141–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dispenzieri, A. How I treat POEMS syndrome. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2012, 119, 5650–5658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Morley, J.B.; Schwieger, A.C. The relation between chronic polyneuropathy and osteosclerotic myeloma. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1967, 30, 432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Davis, L.E.; Drachman, D.B. Myeloma neuropathy: Successful treatment of two patients and review of cases. Arch. Neurol. 1972, 27, 507–511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Iwashita, H.; Ohnishi, A.; Asada, M.; Kanazawa, Y.; Kuroiwa, Y. Polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, edema, and hypertrichosis in localized osteosclerotic myeloma. Neurology 1977, 27, 675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suh, Y.-G.; Suh, C.-O.; Kim, J.S.; Kim, S.-J.; Pyun, H.O.; Cho, J. Radiotherapy for solitary plasmacytoma of bone and soft tissue. Ann. Hematol. 2012, 91, 1785–1793. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cook, G.; Iacobelli, S.; Van Biezen, A.; Ziagkos, D.; Leblond, V.; Abraham, J.; McQuaker, G.; Schoenland, S.; Rambaldi, A.; Halaburda, K.; et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with POEMS syndrome: A retrospective study of the Plasma Cell Disorder sub-committee of the Chronic Malignancy Working Party of the European Society for Blood & Marrow Transplantation. Haematologica 2017, 102, 160. [Google Scholar]
- Karam, C.; Klein, C.J.; Dispenzieri, A.; Dyck, P.J.B.; Mandrekar, J.; D’Souza, A.; Mauermann, M.L. Polyneuropathy improvement following autologous stem cell transplantation for POEMS syndrome. Neurology 2015, 84, 1981–1987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ho, G.; Wun, T.; Muffly, L.; Li, Q.; Brunson, A.; Rosenberg, A.S.; Jonas, B.A.; Keegan, T.H. Decreased early mortality associated with the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia at National Cancer Institute—Designated cancer centers in California. Cancer 2018, 124, 1938–1945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhao, H.; Cai, H.; Wang, C.; Huang, X.-F.; Cao, X.-X.; Zhang, L.; Zhou, D.-B.; Li, J. Prognostic value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and hematological responses in patients with newly-diagnosed POEMS syndrome. Blood Cancer J. 2018, 8, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kuwabara, S.; Misawa, S.; Kanai, K.; Kikkawa, Y.; Nishimura, M.; Nakaseko, C.; Cho, R.K.; Hattori, T. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for POEMS syndrome. Neurology 2006, 66, 105–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dispenzieri, A.; Fajgenbaum, D.C. Overview of Castleman disease. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2020, 135, 1353–1364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Giglia, F.; Chiapparini, L.; Fariselli, L.; Barbui, T.; Ciano, C.; Scarlato, M.; Pareyson, D. POEMS syndrome: Relapse after successful autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2007, 17, 980–982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanada, S.; Ookawara, S.; Karube, H.; Shindo, T.; Goto, T.; Nakamichi, T.; Saito, M.; Matsubara, M.; Suzuki, M. Marked recovery of severe renal lesions in POEMS syndrome with high-dose melphalan therapy supported by autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2006, 47, 672–679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ganti, A.K.; Pipinos, I.; Culcea, E.; Armitage, J.O.; Tarantolo, S. Successful hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in multicentric Castleman disease complicated by POEMS syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 2005, 79, 206–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dispenzieri, A.; Moreno-Aspitia, A.; Suarez, G.A.; Lacy, M.Q.; Colon-Otero, G.; Tefferi, A.; Litzow, M.R.; Roy, V.; Hogan, W.J.; Kyle, R.A.; et al. Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in 16 patients with POEMS syndrome, and a review of the literature. Blood 2004, 104, 3400–3407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jaccard, A.; Royer, B.; Bordessoule, D.; Brouet, J.-C.; Fermand, J.-P. High-dose therapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in POEMS syndrome. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2002, 99, 3057–3059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Soubrier, M.; Ruivard, M.; Dubost, J.; Sauvezie, B.; Philippe, P. Successful use of autologous bone marrow transplantation in treating a patient with POEMS syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002, 30, 61–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rovira, M.; Carreras, E.; Bladé, J.; Graus, F.; Valls, J.; Fernández-Avilés, F.; Montserrat, E. Dramatic improvement of POEMS syndrome following autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol. 2001, 115, 373–375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hogan, W.; Lacy, M.; Wiseman, G.; Fealey, R.; Dispenzieri, A.; Gertz, M. Successful treatment of POEMS syndrome with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001, 28, 305–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhao, H.; Huang, X.-F.; Gao, X.-M.; Cai, H.; Zhang, L.; Feng, J.; Cao, X.-X.; Zhou, D.-B.; Li, J. What is the best first-line treatment for POEMS syndrome: Autologous transplantation, melphalan and dexamethasone, or lenalidomide and dexamethasone? Leukemia 2019, 33, 1023–1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barete, S.; Mouawad, R.; Choquet, S.; Viala, K.; Leblond, V.; Musset, L.; Amoura, Z.; Khayat, D.; Francès, C. Skin manifestations and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in POEMS syndrome: Impact of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arch. Dermatol. 2010, 146, 615–623. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Laurenti, L.; De Matteis, S.; Sabatelli, M.; Conte, A.; Chiusolo, P.; Sorà, F.; Piccirillo, N.; Za, T.; Tarnani, M.; Rossi, E.; et al. Early diagnosis followed by front-line autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for patients affected by POEMS syndrome. Leuk. Res. 2008, 32, 1309–1312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- D’Souza, A.; Lacy, M.; Gertz, M.; Kumar, S.; Buadi, F.; Hayman, S.; Dingli, D.; Zeldenrust, S.; Kyle, R.; Ansell, S.; et al. Long-term outcomes after autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with POEMS syndrome (osteosclerotic myeloma): A single-center experience. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2012, 120, 56–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kourelis, T.V.; Buadi, F.K.; Kumar, S.K.; Gertz, M.A.; Lacy, M.Q.; Dingli, D.; Go, R.S.; Kapoor, P.; Lust, J.A.; Hayman, S.R.; et al. Long-term outcome of patients with POEMS syndrome: An update of the Mayo Clinic experience. Am. J. Hematol. 2016, 91, 585–589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ohwada, C.; Sakaida, E.; Kawajiri-Manako, C.; Nagao, Y.; Oshima-Hasegawa, N.; Togasaki, E.; Muto, T.; Tsukamoto, S.; Mitsukawa, S.; Takeda, Y.; et al. Long-term evaluation of physical improvement and survival of autologous stem cell transplantation in POEMS syndrome. Blood 2018, 131, 2173–2176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tomkins, O.; Keddie, S.; Lunn, M.P.; D’Sa, S. High-dose therapy and autologous transplantation for POEMS Syndrome: Effective, but how to optimise? Br. J. Haematol. 2019, 186, e178–e181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Imai, N.; Taguchi, J.; Yagi, N.; Konishi, T.; Serizawa, M.; Kobari, M. Relapse of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome without increased level of vascular endothelial growth factor following successful autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2009, 19, 363–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katayama, K.; Misawa, S.; Sato, Y.; Sobue, G.; Yabe, I.; Watanabe, O.; Nishizawa, M.; Kusunoki, S.; Kikuchi, S.; Nakashima, I.; et al. Japanese POEMS syndrome with Thalidomide (J-POST) Trial: Study protocol for a phase II/III multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015, 5, e007330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ohwada, C.; Nakaseko, C.; Sakai, S.; Takeda, Y.; Abe, D.; Takeuchi, M.; Sakaida, E.; Masuda, S.; Shimizu, N.; Cho, R.; et al. Successful combination treatment with bevacizumab, thalidomide and autologous PBSC for severe POEMS syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009, 43, 739–740. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, S.Y.; Lee, S.A.; Ryoo, H.M.; Lee, K.H.; Hyun, M.S.; Bae, S.H. Thalidomide for POEMS syndrome. Ann. Hematol. 2006, 85, 545–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mazumder, A.; Jagannath, S. Thalidomide and lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 2006, 19, 769–780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hideshima, T.; Anderson, K.C. Molecular mechanisms of novel therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2002, 2, 927–937. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bartlett, J.B.; Tozer, A.; Stirling, D.; Zeldis, J.B. Recent clinical studies of the immunomodulatory drug (IMiD®) lenalidomide. Br. J. Cancer 2005, 93, 613–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Takahashi, W.; Ichikawa, M.; Okazaki, A.; Nakamura, F.; Arai, H.; Handa, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; Seo, S.; Sasaki, K.; et al. Effective treatment of POEMS syndrome accompanied by plasmacytoma with lenalidomide, dexamethasone, and local irradiation. Rinsho Ketsueki [Jpn. J. Clin. Hematol.] 2020, 61, 262–267. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Suichi, T.; Misawa, S.; Nagashima, K.; Sato, Y.; Iwai, Y.; Katayama, K.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Shibuya, K.; Amino, H.; Suzuki, Y.-I.; et al. Lenalidomide Treatment for Thalidomide-refractory POEMS Syndrome: A Prospective Single-arm Clinical Trial. Intern. Med. 2020, 59, 1149–1153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tomas, J.F.; Giraldo, P.; Lecumberri, R.; Nistal, S. POEMS syndrome with severe neurological damage clinically recovered with lenalidomide. Haematologica 2012, 97, 320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Suyanı, E.; Yağcı, M.; Sucak, G.T. Complete remission with a combination of lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone in a patient with incomplete POEMS syndrome. Acta Haematol. 2011, 126, 199–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Mayoof, O.; Al Sughaiyer, H.; Abuomar, W.; Khan, M. POEMS syndrome: A rare cause of exudative ascites and chronic peripheral neuropathy. Case Rep. 2017, 2017, bcr-2016-219022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, H.; Zhao, H.; Huang, X.; Cao, X.; Zhou, D.; Li, J. Improvement of thyroid function in POEMS syndrome after combination therapy of lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Leuk. Lymphoma 2019, 60, 483–487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nozza, A.; Terenghi, F.; Gallia, F.; Adami, F.; Briani, C.; Merlini, G.; Giordano, L.; Santoro, A.; Nobile-Orazio, E. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with POEMS syndrome: Results of a prospective, open--label trial. Br. J. Haematol. 2017, 179, 748–755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ordway, S.; Gilbert, L.; Wanko, S. POEMS syndrome: Diagnostic delay and successful treatment with lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and prednisone followed by autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. Case Rep. 2018, 2018, bcr-2017-223168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zagouri, F.; Kastritis, E.; Gavriatopoulou, M.; Sergentanis, T.N.; Psaltopoulou, T.; Terpos, E.; Dimopoulos, M.-A. Lenalidomide in patients with POEMS syndrome: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Leuk. Lymphoma 2014, 55, 2018–2023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cai, Q.-Q.; Wang, C.; Cao, X.-X.; Cai, H.; Zhou, D.-B.; Li, J. Efficacy and safety of low-dose lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory POEMS syndrome. Eur. J. Haematol. 2015, 95, 325–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sayar, Z.; Weatherill, A.; Keddie, S.; Sive, J.; Lunn, M.P.; Thomas, M.; D’Sa, S. High rates of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with POEMS syndrome: Results from the UCLH (UK) POEMS Registry. Blood Adv. 2020, 4, 2139–2142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaccard, A.; Moreau, P.; Leblond, V.; Leleu, X.; Benboubker, L.; Hermine, O.; Recher, C.; Asli, B.; Lioure, B.; Royer, B.; et al. High-dose melphalan versus melphalan plus dexamethasone for AL amyloidosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007, 357, 1083–1093. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suichi, T.; Misawa, S.; Beppu, M.; Takahashi, S.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Shibuya, K.; Amino, H.; Tsuneyama, A.; Suzuki, Y.-I.; Nakamura, K.; et al. Prevalence, clinical profiles, and prognosis of POEMS syndrome in Japanese nationwide survey. Neurology 2019, 93, e975–e983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rajkumar, S.V. Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am. J. Hematol. 2016, 91, 719–734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, J.; Terebelo, H.R.; Zonder, J.A. Secondary primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: An old NEMESIS revisited. Adv. Hematol. 2012, 2012, 801495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Roccaro, A.M.; Hideshima, T.; Raje, N.; Kumar, S.; Ishitsuka, K.; Yasui, H.; Shiraishi, N.; Ribatti, D.; Nico, B.; Vacca, A.; et al. Bortezomib mediates antiangiogenesis in multiple myeloma via direct and indirect effects on endothelial cells. Cancer Res. 2006, 66, 184–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kaygusuz, I.; Tezcan, H.; Çetiner, M.; Kocakaya, O.; Uzay, A.; Bayık, M. Bortezomib: A new therapeutic option for POEMS syndrome. Eur. J. Haematol. 2010, 84, 175–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dimopoulos, M.A.; Mateos, M.V.; Richardson, P.G.; Schlag, R.; Khuageva, N.K.; Shpilberg, O.; Kropff, M.; Spicka, I.; Palumbo, A.; Wu, K.L.; et al. Risk factors for, and reversibility of, peripheral neuropathy associated with bortezomib–melphalan–prednisone in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma: Subanalysis of the phase 3 VISTA study. Eur. J. Haematol. 2011, 86, 23–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, H.; Fu, W.; Du, J.; Jiang, H.; Hou, J. Successful treatment of newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome with reduced-dose bortezomib based regimen. Br. J. Haematol. 2018, 181, 126–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vannata, B.; Laurenti, L.; Chiusolo, P.; Sorà, F.; Balducci, M.; Sabatelli, M.; Luigetti, M.; Giannotta, C.; De Stefano, V.; Leone, G.; et al. Efficacy of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for POEMS syndrome relapsed after autologous peripheral stem-cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 2012, 87, 641–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zeng, K.; Yang, J.-R.; Li, J.; Wei, Q.; Yang, Y.-M.; Liu, T.; Niu, T. Effective induction therapy with subcutaneous administration of bortezomib for newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome: A case report and a review of the literature. Acta Haematol. 2013, 129, 101–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dimopoulos, M.A.; Oriol, A.; Nahi, H.; San-Miguel, J.; Bahlis, N.J.; Usmani, S.Z.; Rabin, N.; Orlowski, R.Z.; Komarnicki, M.; Suzuki, K.; et al. Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016, 375, 1319–1331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Plesner, T.; Arkenau, H.T.; Gimsing, P.; Krejcik, J.; Lemech, C.; Minnema, M.C.; Lassen, U.; Laubach, J.P.; Palumbo, A.; Lisby, S. Phase 1/2 study of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood 2016, 128, 1821–1828. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sher, T.; Fenton, B.; Akhtar, A.; Gertz, M.A. First report of safety and efficacy of daratumumab in 2 cases of advanced immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2016, 128, 1987–1989. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Khan, M.; Stone, K.; van Rhee, F. Daratumumab for POEMS Syndrome. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Gavriatopoulou, M.; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I.; Fotiou, D.; Migkou, M.; Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, E.; Kanellias, N.; Roussou, M.; Dialoupi, I.; Malandrakis, P.; Theodorakakou, F.; et al. Upfront Daratumumab with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for POEMS Syndrome. HemaSphere 2020, 4, e381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Straume, O.; Bergheim, J.; Ernst, P. Bevacizumab therapy for POEMS syndrome. Blood 2006, 107, 4972–4974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Badros, A.; Porter, N.; Zimrin, A. Bevacizumab therapy for POEMS syndrome. Blood 2005, 106, 1135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Samaras, P.; Bauer, S.; Stenner-Liewen, F.; Steiner, R.; Zweifel, M.; Renner, C.; Knuth, A. Treatment of POEMS syndrome with bevacizumab. Haematologica 2007, 92, 1438–1439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buxhofer-Ausch, V.; Gisslinger, B.; Stangl, G.; Rauschka, H.; Gisslinger, H. Successful treatment sequence incorporating bevacizumab for therapy of polyneuropathy in two patients with POEMS syndrome. Leuk. Res. 2012, 36, e98–e100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kanai, K.; Kuwabara, S.; Misawa, S.; Hattori, T. Failure of treatment with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody for long-standing POEMS syndrome. Intern. Med. 2007, 46, 311–313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Sekiguchi, Y.; Misawa, S.; Shibuya, K.; Nasu, S.; Mitsuma, S.; Iwai, Y.; Beppu, M.; Sawai, S.; Ito, S.; Hirano, S.; et al. Ambiguous effects of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab) for POEMS syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2013, 84, 1346–1348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, J.; Wang, Q.; Xu, H.; Gu, C.; Jiang, L.; Wang, J.; Di Wang, D.; Bin Xu, B.; Mao, X.; Wang, J.; et al. Anti-BCMA CAR-T cells for treatment of plasma cell dyscrasia: Case report on POEMS syndrome and multiple myeloma. J. Hematol. Oncol. 2018, 11, 128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Moreau, P.; Attal, M.; Hulin, C.; Arnulf, B.; Belhadj, K.; Benboubker, L.; Béné, M.C.; Broijl, A.; Caillon, H.; Caillot, D.; et al. Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2019, 394, 29–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koike, H.; Iijima, M.; Mori, K.; Yamamoto, M.; Hattori, N.; Watanabe, H.; Tanaka, F.; Doyu, M.; Sobue, G. Neuropathic pain correlates with myelinated fibre loss and cytokine profile in POEMS syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2008, 79, 1171–1179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cerri, F.; Falzone, Y.M.; Riva, N.; Quattrini, A. An update on the diagnosis and management of the polyneuropathy of POEMS syndrome. J. Neurol. 2019, 266, 258–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Prokop, J.; Estorninho, J.; Marote, S.; Sabino, T.; De Sousa, A.B.; Silva, E.; Agapito, A. POEMS syndrome: A rare cause of adrenal insufficiency in a young male. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. Case Rep. 2019, 2019, EDM190010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mauermann, M.L. The peripheral neuropathies of POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. 2018, 32, 153–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amador-Robles, D.; Rodríguez-Armida, M.; Treviño-Frenk, I.; Uribe-Uribe, N.O.; Molina-Paredes, G.A.; López-Sánchez, J.A.; Mejia-Vilet, J.M. Anasarca in a Patient With Polyneuropathy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2019, 74, A11–A14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nakanishi, T.; Sobue, I.; Toyokura, Y.; Nishitani, H.; Kuroiwa, Y.; Satoyoshi, E.; Tsubaki, T.; Igata, A.; Ozaki, Y. The Crow-Fukase syndrome: A study of 102 cases in Japan. Neurology 1984, 34, 712. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Warsame, R.; Kohut, I.E.; Dispenzieri, A. Successful use of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone to treat a case of relapsed POEMS. Eur. J. Haematol. 2012, 88, 549–550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lesprit, P.; Godeau, B.; Authier, F.J.; Soubrier, M.; Zuber, M.; Larroche, C.; Viard, J.-P.; Wechsler, B.; Gherardip, R. Pulmonary hypertension in POEMS syndrome: A new feature mediated by cytokines. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998, 157, 907–911. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- He, T.; Tian, Z.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.; Zhou, D.; Fang, Q. Evaluating heart function in patients with POEMS syndrome. Echocardiography 2019, 36, 1997–2003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takahashi, Y.; Iwano, H.; Nakano, I.; Fukushima, A.; Naya, M.; Shimizu, A.; Matsuno, Y.; Oyama-Manabe, N.; Anzai, T. POEMS syndrome showing left ventricular dysfunction and extracellular edema assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Intern. Med. 2019, 58, 2539–2543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chandrashekaran, S.; Dispenzieri, A.; Cha, S.S.; Kennedy, C.C. Pulmonary morbidity improves after autologous stem cell transplantation in POEMS syndrome. Respir. Med. 2015, 109, 122–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Van Rhee, F.; Fayad, L.; Voorhees, P.; Furman, R.; Lonial, S.; Borghaei, H.; Sokol, L.; Crawford, J.; Cornfeld, M.; Qi, M.; et al. Siltuximab, a novel anti–interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, for Castleman’s disease. J. Clin. Oncol. 2010, 28, 3701–3708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nishimoto, N.; Kanakura, Y.; Aozasa, K.; Johkoh, T.; Nakamura, M.; Nakano, S.; Nakano, N.; Ikeda, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Nishioka, K.; et al. Humanized anti–interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease. Blood 2005, 106, 2627–2632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dong, Y.; Yin, D.; White, B.E.P.; Guo, Q.; Pi, Y.; Wei, S. Concurrent juxtapapillary hemorrage and optic disc edema as initial presentation of POEMS syndrome. Can. J. Ophthalmol. 2018, 53, e233–e236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kaushik, M.; Pulido, J.S.; Abreu, R.; Amselem, L.; Dispenzieri, A. Ocular findings in patients with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome. Ophthalmology 2011, 118, 778–782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, X.; Cai, Q.-Q.; Huang, X.-F.; Cao, X.-X.; Cai, H.; Zhou, D.-B.; Dai, R.-P.; Li, J. Ocular manifestations and treatment outcomes in Chinese patients with POEMS syndrome. Retina 2017, 37, 1784–1791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alvarez-Breckenridge, C.A.; Attiah, M.A.; Zachariah, M.; Gummadavelli, A.; Yang, J.; Codd, P.J. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for POEMS syndrome. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2015, 22, 1672–1674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prost, M.G.; Gilhuis, H.J.; Brouwer, R.E.; Gawda, P. Local treatment with triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab for ocular symptoms in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Case Rep. Ophthalmol. 2014, 5, 416–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, D.W.; Kang, S.Y.; Bae, H.W.; Hong, S.; Gong, J.S.; Kim, C.Y. Intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of optic disc edema in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Korean J. Ophthalmol. 2015, 29, 354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Song, H.B.; Yu, H.G. Optic disc edema responding to localized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Korean J. Ophthalmol. 2015, 29, 357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yokouchi, H.; Oshitari, T.; Baba, T.; Yamamoto, S. Thalidomide reduces choroidal thickness and optic disc edema in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2015, 253, 1195–1198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chong, S.T.; Beasley, H.S.; Daffner, R.H. POEMS syndrome: Radiographic appearance with MRI correlation. Skelet. Radiol. 2006, 35, 690–695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Albertí, M.; Martinez-Yélamos, S.; Fernandez, A.; Vidaller, A.; Narváez, J.A.; Cano, L.; Gamez-Cenzano, C.; Martinez-Matos, J. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of POEMS syndrome. Eur. J. Radiol. 2010, 76, 180–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shibuya, K.; Misawa, S.; Horikoshi, T.; Kanai, K.; Isose, S.; Nasu, S.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Noto, Y.-I.; Fujimaki, Y.; Nakaseko, C.; et al. Detection of bone lesions by CT in POEMS syndrome. Intern. Med. 2011, 50, 1393–1396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stefanelli, A.; Treglia, G.; Leccisotti, L.; Laurenti, L.; Luigetti, M.; Sabatelli, M.; Giordano, A. Usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of POEMS syndrome after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Clin. Nucl. Med. 2012, 37, 181–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Araki, N.; Misawa, S.; Shibuya, K.; Ota, S.; Oide, T.; Kawano, A.; Beppu, M.; Nakatani, Y.; Kuwabara, S. POEMS syndrome and calciphylaxis: An unrecognized cause of abnormal small vessel calcification. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2016, 11, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yoshikawa, M.; Uhara, H.; Arakura, F.; Murata, H.; Kubo, H.; Takata, M.; Yoshida, K.; Okuyama, R. Calciphylaxis in POEMS syndrome: A case treated with etidronate. Acta Derm.-Venereol. 2011, 91, 98–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, F.; Chiu, H. POEMS syndrome with calciphylaxis: A case report. Acta Derm.-Venereol. 2011, 91, 96–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hineno, A.; Kinoshita, T.; Kinoshita, M.; Arakura, F.; Naito, K.-S.; Shimojima, Y.; Matsuda, M.; Yoshida, K.; Ikeda, S.-I. Calciphylaxis as a catastrophic complication in a patient with POEMS syndrome. Case Rep. Neurol. 2009, 1, 47–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dumas, C.; Bienvenu, F.-H.; Hicks, J.; Weber, E.; Sève, P. Thrombosis revealing POEMS syndrome: About a case. Ann. Biol. Clin. 2020, 75, 195–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dupont, S.A.; Dispenzieri, A.; Mauermann, M.L.; Rabinstein, A.A.; Brown, R.D. Cerebral infarction in POEMS syndrome: Incidence, risk factors, and imaging characteristics. Neurology 2009, 73, 1308–1312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Vasilevskiy, L.; Akhondi, H.; Wierman, A. POEMS syndrome complicated by ischaemic stroke and cerebral vasculitis. BMJ Case Rep. CP 2019, 12, e229428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mehta, S.; Rajan, R.; Wilson, V.; Das, B.; Singh, P.; Ahluwalia, J.; Lal, V. Stroke and POEMS syndrome: More than a chance association. Neurol. India 2016, 64, 1318–1319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jindahra, P.; Dejthevaporn, C.; Niparuck, P.; Waisayarat, J.; Cheecharoen, P.; Threetong, T.; Petpiroon, P.; Sujirakul, T.; Poonyathalang, A.; Vanikieti, K. Atypical central retinal artery occlusion as the first presentation of POEMS syndrome: A case report. BMC Neurol. 2018, 18, 64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dacci, P.; Lessi, F.; Bella, E.D.; Morbin, M.; Briani, C.; Lauria, G. Ischemic stroke as clinical onset of POEMS syndrome. J. Neurol. 2013, 260, 3178–3181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Humeniuk, M.S.; Gertz, M.A.; Lacy, M.Q.; Kyle, R.A.; Witzig, T.E.; Kumar, S.K.; Kapoor, P.; Lust, J.A.; Hayman, S.R.; Buadi, F.K.; et al. Outcomes of patients with POEMS syndrome treated initially with radiation. Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol. 2013, 122, 68–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graham, R.C.; Hughes, R. A modified peripheral neuropathy scale: The Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2006, 77, 973–976. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Diagnostic Criteria for POEMS Syndrome |
---|
Mandatory criteria (Both criteria must be satisfied) |
|
|
Major criteria (At least one major criterion should be satisfied) |
|
|
Minor criteria (At least one minor criterion should be satisfied) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Symptoms |
|
Hematologic response | CR: Negative bone marrow/Negative immunofixation of serum and urine |
VGPR: 90% reduction in M protein or immunofixation positive only if M protein was at least 0.5 g/dL at baseline | |
PR: 50% reduction in M protein or immunofixation positive if baseline M protein was at least 1.0 g/dL | |
NR: Less than a PR | |
VEGF response | CR: Normalization of plasma VEGF <87 pg/mL |
PR: Decrease of ≥50 percent (baseline must be ≥200 pg/mL) | |
NR: Less than a PR | |
Radiologic response by FDG PET | CR: Initial FDG avidity on a baseline PET scan that disappears |
PR: Initial FDG avidity that was 50 percent improved | |
NR: Not meeting CR or PR |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Bou Zerdan, M.; George, T.I.; Bunting, S.T.; Chaulagain, C.P. Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 7011. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237011
Bou Zerdan M, George TI, Bunting ST, Chaulagain CP. Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(23):7011. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237011
Chicago/Turabian StyleBou Zerdan, Maroun, Tracy I. George, Silvia Tse Bunting, and Chakra P. Chaulagain. 2022. "Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23: 7011. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237011
APA StyleBou Zerdan, M., George, T. I., Bunting, S. T., & Chaulagain, C. P. (2022). Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(23), 7011. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237011