Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Tarras, Elizabeth S.; Singh, Inderjit; Kreiger, Joan; Joseph, Phillip

doi:10.3390/jcm14030804

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Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

by

Elizabeth S. Tarras

^*,

Inderjit Singh

,

Joan Kreiger

and

Phillip Joseph

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030804

Submission received: 10 December 2024 / Revised: 10 January 2025 / Accepted: 16 January 2025 / Published: 26 January 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights from Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Cardiac Rehabilitation—Part II)

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Abstract

Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease of the pulmonary vasculature that is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart failure. While there have been recent advances both in understanding pathobiology and in diagnosis and therapeutic options, PAH remains a disease with significant delays in diagnosis and high morbidity and mortality. Information from invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) presents an important opportunity to evaluate the dynamic interactions within and between the right heart circulatory system and the skeletal muscle during different loading conditions to enhance early diagnosis, phenotype disease subtypes, and personalize treatment in PAH given the shortcomings of contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to present the current applications of iCPET in PAH and to discuss future applications of the testing methodology.

Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; pulmonary vascular disease; exercise pulmonary hypertension; invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tarras, E.S.; Singh, I.; Kreiger, J.; Joseph, P. Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030804

AMA Style

Tarras ES, Singh I, Kreiger J, Joseph P. Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(3):804. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030804

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tarras, Elizabeth S., Inderjit Singh, Joan Kreiger, and Phillip Joseph. 2025. "Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3: 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030804

APA Style

Tarras, E. S., Singh, I., Kreiger, J., & Joseph, P. (2025). Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(3), 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030804

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension and Beyond: Insights in Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

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