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Article

Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating of Carbonate Rocks in Weijia Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean and Its Geological Significance

by
Zhenquan Wei
1,2,
Jinfeng Ma
1,2,*,
Gaowen He
1,2,
Lifeng Zhong
3,
Limin Zhang
1,2 and
Bin Zhao
1,2
1
Key Laboratory of Marine Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China
2
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050737
Submission received: 25 March 2024 / Revised: 26 April 2024 / Accepted: 26 April 2024 / Published: 28 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Geological Oceanography)

Abstract

:
Shallow-water carbonate rocks constitute a crucial component of large guyots, arising in distinct environments and harboring valuable insights into the evolutionary stages of seamount islands as well as the tectonic conditions of the underlying oceanic plate. Laser Ablation Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was used to conduct in situ U–Pb isotope dating of carbonate minerals with low uranium content collected from Weijia Guyot. This dating approach yielded crucial evidence for the vertical development of the seamount. Our study indicates that shallow-water carbonate rocks in Weijia Guyot had a temporal range between 91 My and 137 My. The carbonate rocks underwent two growth phases, Hauterivian to Barremian and Cenomanian to Turonian, with a hiatus of approximately 20 My. Since the Hauterivian age, the shield volcano of Weijia Guyot is essentially complete, with its seamount top exposed at or near sea level and receiving its first stage of shallow-water carbonate sedimentation. Based on the dating of both shallow-water carbonate rocks and hawaiite within the Weijia Guyot, it is inferred that approximately 10 My elapsed from shield-building volcanism to late alkalic volcanism. During the Turonian age, the main reason for the second phase of shallow-water carbonate rocks in the seamounts was the regional tectonic uplift triggered by the drift of the Weijia Guyot along with the Pacific Plate toward the Society hotspot.

1. Introduction

Seamounts are widely distributed in various ocean basins worldwide [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Some have abundant Co-rich crust and fishery resources and are repositories for marine life and microorganisms [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. In addition, seamounts are key points of intersection between the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, and are globally relevant [19].
Seamount formation and evolution begin due to submarine volcanism [19,20] and expand as magmatic activity continues. When an evolving seamount reaches a water depth of 700 m or less, eruption intensity increases sharply due to the relatively low seawater pressure. Eventual emergence above sea level provides substrates for carbonate reefs, ranging from minor shoreline reefs to massive coral reefs, that may cover the entire subsiding volcano. Once the volcanism ceases, the volcanic island will eventually drown due to erosion and subsidence [19]. When coral reefs grow slower than the subsidence of volcanic islands, coral reefs sink below the photic zone and eventually die. Former islands and coral reefs have become seamounts with flat tops (namely guyots) through these geological processes [20]. When a seamount reaches a subduction zone, or when the ocean basin it is located in closes due to the collision of two continental plates on both sides of the ocean, its life cycle ends.
In addition to volcanic bases, carbonate reefs, and their related sedimentary rocks are also important seamount components. These rocks originated from distinct environments and serve as repositories for crucial data pertaining to seamount evolutionary stages and the tectonic conditions of the underlying ocean plate. The isotopic chronology of carbonate minerals helps elucidate the evolutionary process of seamounts. U–Pb isotope dating is the most widely used method in current geochronology. However, the uranium content of carbonate minerals is typically two to four orders of magnitude lower than that of zircon, and common Pb is variable. Cheng et al. [21] and Kendrick et al. [22] presented an in situ U–Pb isotope dating method for low uranium content carbonate minerals using Laser Ablation Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) and developed a suitable carbonate mineral standard AHX-1a. This method allows for the quick and accurate determination of carbonate rock formation in seamounts. This study applies this method for conducting laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating of carbonate rock samples collected from Weijia Guyot (originally called Ita Mai Tai) in the Western Pacific Ocean. Research results provide chronological constraints for the island stage evolution of the seamount. They also provide an important basis for discussing the vertical evolution of the seamount.
The study area is located in Weijia Guyot, a feature of the Magellan Seamount Trail located in the Western Pacific Ocean (Figure 1). The Western Pacific Ocean is a region with a high concentration of seamounts due to its age and complex tectonic history. The formation of Weijia Guyot occurred between about 118 My and 120 My [23], which is associated with hotspot activity in the South Pacific Isotope and Thermal Anomalies Area (SOPITA) of the French Polynesian islands during the Cretaceous period [24,25,26]. Weijia Guyot is approximately 150 km long and has an irregular shape with an overall NE orientation, typical of a summit platform. The water depth at the edge of the platform ranges from 1600 m to 2200 m and reaches 5500 m at its base.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. The Studied Samples

Carbonate rock samples (Figure 2) were obtained by deep-sea shallow drilling at the edge of the platform or the slope of Weijia Guyot. The length of the cores ranges from 62 cm to 102 cm. These stations, including MCSD165, MCSD170, and MCSD181, are located at the edge of the mountaintop platform with water depths ranging from 1594 m to 1630 m. MCSD174 and MCSD175 are located on a sloping platform with relatively flat terrain with water depths ranging from 1985 m to 2029 m. MCSD146 is located on steep slope areas with a water depth ranging from 2343 m to 2937 m (Figure 1).

2.2. Microscopic Observation and Chemical Analysis

A polarizing microscope (Leica DM4 P, Leica Microsystems Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) was used in this study to identify minerals in carbonate rock thin sections and capture micrographs. The MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources of GMGS conducted X-ray fluorescence analysis of major elements (XRF; Axios, PANalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands), with a detection limit of 0.01–0.1% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2%.

2.3. Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating

The samples were first sliced into 0.5 cm thick sections and carefully cleaned with water. Next, the clean part was selected, avoiding any parts mixed with clay or iron staining, to create circular sample targets with a diameter of 2.5 cm. The sample targets were then sanded, polished, and cleaned with anhydrous ethanol to avoid interference from common Pb [27].
Carbonate U–Pb dating was performed using laser ablation-multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) employing a Nu Plasma II MC-ICP-MS coupled with a 193 nm ArF excimer laser system (RESOlution SE, ASI) at the Radiogenic Isotope Facility at the University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia). The carbonate samples were screened using LA-ICP-MS (iCAP RQ, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) before U–Pb dating to confirm the laser spot position where the U/Pb ratio was highest and common Pb was lowest. To ensure accurate data, we tuned the instrument to glass standard NIST614 to reduce isotopic fractionation and oxidation levels before performing the experiments. The analysis began when the instrument signal was tuned to 206Pb/238U ≈ 0.7 and ThO+/Th+ ≈ 0.8%.
For laser ablation analyses, laser beams with diameters of 100 μm were used and set to a fluence of 2.5 J/cm2 and a frequency of 10 Hz. Each analytical process began with 15 s, 20 s, and 15 s measurements for the background, sample ablation, and washout, respectively. Standard sample bracketing was used with NIST 614 glass as the primary reference material to correct 207Pb/206Pb fractionation and instrumental drift in 238U/206Pb rations [28,29]. Carbonate reference AHX-1a (the recommended age is 209.8 ± 0.48 My) was used for the matrix-biased calibration of 238U/206Pb fractionation. Additionally, secondary reference material ASH15D (the recommended age is 2.965 ± 0.011 My) was used to assess the accuracy of the dating results. During the experiment, three carbonate reference materials were inserted between each of the five analyses of unknown samples in measurement sequences. NIST614 was inserted every five spots throughout the whole sequence. Following the data reduction routine in Iolite v3 software [28], the calculated 207Pb/206Pb versus 238U/206Pb ratios were plotted in a Tera–Wasserburg diagram. The formation ages were determined from lower intercepts on inverse isochron using Isoplot 3.75 software in MS EXCEL [30].

3. Results

3.1. Microstructure and Mineral Characteristics of Carbonate Rocks

Based on field descriptions and microscopic analyses (Figure 3), carbonate rock grains mainly consist of carbonate bioclasts and coral reef clasts formed in a reef environment. MCSD146 is a carbonate intraclast sandstone with a yellow color and high porosity. The rock grains consist of carbonate bioclasts, basalt clasts, palagonite clasts, and ooids, with bioclasts dominating. Basalt clasts, palagonite clasts, and ooids are dispersed in strips, with sparry calcite cementing the grains. MCSD165, MCSD170, MCSD174, MCSD175, and MCSD181 are mineralogically similar, being pure white with a slight yellowish tinge. They are porous and consist mainly of carbonate bioclasts with some micritic limestone clasts. The cement is predominantly micritic, with some sparry calcite present.

3.2. Characteristics of Major Elements in Carbonate Rocks

Table 1 shows analysis results for major elements in carbonate rocks. All samples have a high loss on ignition (LOI), ranging from 29.95% to 43.41%. CaO content ranges from 40.08% to 56.37%; SiO2 content ranges from 0.01% to 15.05%; Al2O3 content ranges from 0.01% to 6.11%, and Fe2O3 content ranges from 0 to 3.69%. MCSD146 contains basaltic clasts, so SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 content are relatively high. The rest of the samples have high LOI with CaO content greater than 50%.

3.3. Formation Age of Carbonate Rocks

Table A1 in Appendix A shows the U–Pb isotope dating analysis results for all carbonate rock samples. Table A2 lists the analysis results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a. Figure A1 shows the Tera–Wasserburg concordia results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a. The U content of carbonate rock samples is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of zircon and other uranium-rich minerals, ranging from 0.0102 to 6.5380 μg/g, with most of the analyzed points having a U content of less than 1 μg/g (accounting for 91%). On the contrary, although Pb content of samples is low, ranging from 0.0063–1.4320 μg/g, it is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of zircon. This finding indicates a high level of common Pb content in the samples, which is difficult to subtract during data processing. Thus, the Tera–Wasserburg concordia diagram method, which does not require common Pb subtraction, was used to calculate U–Pb ages.
The Tera–Wasserburg concordia results (Figure 4) indicate that sample ages can be divided into two ranges: 91–96.8 My (MCSD165, MCSD174, and MCSD181) and 120–137 My (MCSD146, MCSD170, and MCSD175), suggesting that shallow-water carbonate rocks in the Weijia Guyot accumulated during two distinct events in the Early and Late Cretaceous periods respectively, with a hiatus of approximately 20 My.

4. Discussion

4.1. The Formation Time of the Initial Shield Volcano

According to analyses from ODP Sites 143 and 144, guyots in the Western Pacific Ocean are covered by Cretaceous shallow-water carbonate platforms [31]. After submergence, extinct seamounts remain intact until they are consumed by subduction or ocean basin closure [19]. The samples in this study showed no trace of undergoing late-stage alteration or metamorphism. The results of in situ U–Pb isotope dating represent the formation age of seamount carbonate rocks, which formed during the Hauterivian to Barremian and Cenomanian to Turonian ages.
The duration of volcanic activity on large seamounts can be substantial. Basalt samples from seamounts are prone to alteration due to prolonged seawater exposure. For these two reasons, the 40Ar/39Ar dating of seamount basalts is somewhat uncertain [5]. In addition, determining the main formation time of seamounts can be challenging due to the coverage of early shield-building basalt by younger alkaline lavas. Weijia Guyot evolved into its current form after multiple volcanic eruptions and underwent a long evolutionary process from shield volcanoes to its final stable stage. An age of 118–120 My (40Ar/39Ar) was obtained from the hawaiites of Weijia Guyot [26] and exhibited multiple late-stage small volcanic cones on its southwestern edge (Figure 1). According to U–Pb dating, the shallow-water carbonate cover of Weijia Guyot formed between 137 and 120 My, before the eruption of the hawaiites. Thus, the hawaiites at 118–120 My represent the seamount’s subsequent activity. Due to uncertain dating, 10 My elapsed between the end of shield volcano-building and younger alkaline activity.

4.2. Genesis of the Second Stage Carbonate Rocks

The growth and demise of tropical carbonate platforms are influenced by numerous factors, including biota and skeletal particle production, sea level fluctuations, tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, and environmental conditions [32]. The deposition of shallow-water carbonates on seamounts in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean was llinked more closely with volcanic activities and tectonic movements [33]. Based on the dating results of shallow-water carbonate rocks, the Weijia Guyot entered the second stage of carbonate rock growth around 97 My (Cenomanian), approximately 20 My after the first stage of growth ceased. Weijia Guyot formed around 120 My in the South Pacific Isotope and Thermal Anomaly Zone (SOPITA) [24,25,26] and subsequently drifted northwestward with the Pacific Plate to its current location. According to Seton’s global tectonic evolution model [34], Weijia Guyot was approximately 180 km away from the Society hotspot at 90 My [35]. Caiwei Guyot, located about 350 km northwest of Weijia Guyot, was also formed during the same period. During this period, there may have been multiple small-scale volcanic activities occurring in late stages at the southwestern edge of the seamount. Furthermore, it is postulated that the thermal uplift resulting from regional magmatic activity served as the principal factor responsible for the formation of the second stage shallow-water carbonate deposition in the Weijia Guyot.

5. Conclusions

(1) The results of laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating conducted on carbonate minerals reveal that the shallow-water carbonate rocks of the Weijia Guyot underwent two distinct formation phases: Hauterivian to Barremian followed by Cenomanian to Turonian, with a hiatus of approximately 20 My between them;
(2) Since the Hauterivian age (ca. 130 My), the shield volcano-building stage has been completed and exposed at or near the surface, allowing the deposition of the first carbonate platform. A temporal gap of approximately 10 My separates the cessation of shield volcanism and more recent alkaline volcanic activity;
(3) During the Turonian age (ca. 90 My), the regional tectonic uplift caused by the drift of the Weijia Guyot with the Pacific Plate toward the Society hotspot was the primary factor driving the formation of the second stage of shallow-water carbonate rocks.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology, Z.W. and J.M.; sample collection, Z.W., L.Z. (Limin Zhang) and B.Z.; formal analysis, Z.W., G.H. and J.M.; original draft preparation, Z.W. and L.Z (Lifeng Zhong). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 91958202, U2244222, 42176074, 42102111, and 42072324, and the Project from China Geological Survey, grant number 20221718 and 20230068.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data are available upon request from the author Z.W. ([email protected]).

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the onboard crew members of the cruise DY135-51 in the 2018 scientific expedition for sample collection.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Appendix A

Figure A1. Laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a.
Figure A1. Laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a.
Jmse 12 00737 g0a1
Table A1. U–Pb isotope analysis results of carbonate rocks.
Table A1. U–Pb isotope analysis results of carbonate rocks.
Spot No.U/ppmTh/ppmPb/ppm238U/206Pb±2σ207Pb/206Pb±2σrho
MCSD146
MCSD146-010.05460.00320.06603.95230.23760.97000.1100.628
MCSD146-020.05670.00330.05532.85880.14690.85700.0390.628
MCSD146-030.05370.00240.04731.94950.07880.84200.0270.636
MCSD146-040.04770.00170.03032.39490.11900.92200.0600.135
MCSD146-050.06530.00560.04205.38550.35290.88200.0570.325
MCSD146-060.04800.00200.02958.97360.24490.73100.0200.134
MCSD146-070.05970.00590.03222.21180.08120.84400.0330.701
MCSD146-080.07220.00020.10905.78620.37490.92800.0710.424
MCSD146-090.07550.00010.10483.25800.20550.89800.0520.593
MCSD146-100.05240.00130.06714.63630.32690.97500.0730.619
MCSD146-110.07870.00030.09432.16550.07780.88000.0350.297
MCSD146-120.04880.00170.05225.23730.17070.78800.0330.148
MCSD146-130.06770.00400.07182.73970.15570.90300.0380.590
MCSD146-140.05410.00090.04221.89830.06980.87600.0370.250
MCSD146-150.06190.00190.04553.69020.18830.86500.0490.606
MCSD146-160.05410.00120.03242.66890.13790.87100.0460.731
MCSD146-170.16020.00030.078417.64940.34450.57100.0170.265
MCSD146-180.05350.00240.02472.04890.08130.85700.0340.648
MCSD146-190.05630.00190.024611.07610.62760.70800.0210.840
MCSD146-200.57800.06760.14943.47060.15150.83500.0340.537
MCSD146-210.06730.00080.09963.57520.12720.85400.0490.505
MCSD146-220.07210.00050.099515.38870.45840.63300.0190.544
MCSD146-230.15140.00030.15451.79470.05790.81600.0280.502
MCSD146-240.09960.00010.08073.52470.16490.84000.0430.532
MCSD146-250.06140.00010.04367.00840.22410.73600.0220.287
MCSD146-260.05760.00010.04332.76060.11590.85600.0260.709
MCSD146-270.08800.00000.067515.72330.51270.62900.0180.251
MCSD146-280.11150.00010.04613.56290.17550.85700.0470.213
MCSD146-290.23450.05920.07696.33890.24440.82300.0410.573
MCSD146-300.53800.05790.112111.91550.58890.67600.0160.217
MCSD146-310.98860.12100.17893.78680.21810.86600.0590.119
MCSD146-320.78410.08480.10324.93030.32940.93900.0700.314
MCSD146-331.30450.17520.16603.78680.35690.86100.0860.250
MCSD146-340.99200.10040.10052.07840.11940.86000.0440.276
MCSD165
MCSD165-010.32300.00010.12656.15550.24620.81600.0350.215
MCSD165-020.24420.00030.09476.63550.34090.84000.0490.284
MCSD165-030.29090.00020.10736.65380.31830.77700.0360.356
MCSD165-040.29400.00020.09857.52620.43860.79500.0510.386
MCSD165-050.43330.00000.13498.14490.29350.81100.0330.101
MCSD165-060.39410.00010.10308.68270.34400.77000.0350.646
MCSD165-070.37820.00010.10138.83110.44210.76900.0470.707
MCSD165-080.44650.00050.11149.41760.42920.73400.0330.357
MCSD165-090.45190.00320.10589.50420.37470.74400.0330.212
MCSD165-100.49800.00010.102410.03150.84870.71400.0500.351
MCSD165-111.15000.00340.155714.58210.52920.66100.0250.312
MCSD165-122.00600.00350.247016.78121.05130.71200.0430.157
MCSD165-134.91700.00870.431222.13870.46080.61700.0160.130
MCSD165-144.35400.01200.345923.52860.57410.59000.0160.517
MCSD165-150.07240.00090.23600.80270.05610.85800.0260.407
MCSD165-160.12150.00010.17861.87380.09710.86300.0320.544
MCSD165-170.06620.00020.06832.41900.15370.87700.0490.598
MCSD165-180.07240.00030.07142.46010.17570.87700.0730.248
MCSD165-190.07480.00020.07212.58310.16610.89300.0660.472
MCSD165-200.07500.00020.07712.58310.17530.92300.0700.207
MCSD165-210.07940.00030.07702.79260.18330.84900.0440.483
MCSD165-220.07030.00020.06503.74750.21360.86400.0490.811
MCSD165-230.11970.00030.08174.72110.20650.81400.0300.622
MCSD165-240.27100.00030.14244.82180.23470.79300.0350.536
MCSD165-250.22490.00000.11598.41990.39210.75700.0370.612
MCSD165-260.33290.00020.090211.17880.43190.75200.0440.685
MCSD165-270.58200.00020.11531.76410.12050.89900.0480.518
MCSD165-280.49040.00090.09321.98700.09830.87700.0480.244
MCSD165-290.06290.00040.11952.37140.17110.92200.0660.249
MCSD165-300.06750.00050.10962.54670.14350.87300.0610.377
MCSD165-310.07580.00000.09803.15840.49650.85600.0590.132
MCSD165-320.07660.00020.08213.17220.15300.86800.0520.147
MCSD165-330.08340.00030.08083.27270.16290.90900.0560.187
MCSD165-340.09910.00030.07103.44410.19680.83200.0460.439
MCSD165-350.09620.00020.08013.88860.19440.83000.0500.264
MCSD165-360.10040.00030.08194.30520.30750.81600.0960.232
MCSD165-370.10410.00020.07446.07280.26510.81700.0390.550
MCSD170
MCSD170-010.01960.00000.02152.66890.25610.85600.0960.557
MCSD170-020.01020.00000.00923.21450.22860.88300.0710.959
MCSD170-030.01530.00000.01184.15670.35830.91000.1100.461
MCSD170-040.01330.00000.01113.52810.32700.88000.1200.968
MCSD170-050.02360.00010.02162.82530.22070.89400.1000.243
MCSD170-060.01060.00000.00632.34070.15910.84100.0640.972
MCSD170-070.03390.00000.02902.54670.29590.54001.1200.613
MCSD170-080.01280.00000.00964.57770.55050.86100.0930.976
MCSD170-090.01540.00000.00958.79890.69580.84000.0750.244
MCSD170-100.02360.00000.012312.55680.34880.70000.0290.386
MCSD170-110.01520.00000.007014.04410.38180.67540.0240.910
MCSD170-120.01810.00000.006616.66520.49920.60800.0220.279
MCSD170-130.02810.00000.014117.51260.55120.61300.0250.611
MCSD170-140.10690.00080.043016.78120.50620.63000.0280.526
MCSD170-150.05340.00000.013010.89260.54140.74200.0490.683
MCSD170-160.14300.00040.031613.19840.38540.68300.0270.820
MCSD170-170.46370.00200.08076.30030.34570.83100.0490.575
MCSD170-180.59300.01050.101619.03340.60110.59000.0220.604
MCSD170-190.64720.00250.097614.58210.47040.71600.0370.429
MCSD170-200.49570.00170.07581.90840.17120.89800.1000.350
MCSD170-210.71120.00290.07902.62050.24690.85500.0940.667
MCSD170-220.81000.00390.09504.60680.61620.58000.5400.768
MCSD170-230.60450.00250.07505.24110.60770.72000.1900.674
MCSD170-240.68300.00360.07637.53410.86330.60000.4000.719
MCSD170-250.79250.00270.08011.99800.17660.90050.0890.687
MCSD174
MCSD174-010.08540.00430.050711.53540.82790.73400.0540.410
MCSD174-020.08350.00010.04115.27550.21930.82300.0390.669
MCSD174-030.05000.00000.01677.69440.46660.77500.0520.300
MCSD174-040.06700.00210.01958.09930.54420.75400.0520.488
MCSD174-050.05280.00000.01618.76690.62700.86900.0700.236
MCSD174-060.05780.00000.01569.38090.83950.83800.0980.409
MCSD174-070.06440.00000.016510.39180.62710.87500.0810.830
MCSD174-080.05510.00000.014410.85990.88050.77000.0630.660
MCSD174-090.08590.00000.02239.09770.49210.81100.0510.452
MCSD174-100.05310.00000.01486.82970.47080.78200.0560.532
MCSD174-110.06000.00000.019410.31770.86840.72500.0510.916
MCSD174-120.07760.00010.01848.65160.61060.80700.0600.645
MCSD174-130.07630.00000.01414.37020.17690.86100.0430.495
MCSD174-140.07820.00000.013410.62071.13850.83300.0850.204
MCSD174-150.01260.00690.05319.51670.92660.90100.0860.681
MCSD174-160.08630.00000.03567.81070.55670.91700.1300.552
MCSD174-170.08830.00010.02646.03230.31190.81600.0360.482
MCSD174-180.07800.00010.02019.80040.65070.86000.0660.490
MCSD174-190.09940.00020.020910.84360.48770.84000.1700.539
MCSD174-200.10930.00000.021612.82390.50020.77100.0740.706
MCSD174-210.14020.00000.023214.12640.93810.66500.0470.625
MCSD174-220.14850.00000.026516.93840.83300.70300.0450.467
MCSD174-230.14290.00000.023314.35061.25280.65000.0430.717
MCSD174-240.11780.00000.016113.15040.59770.72400.0380.667
MCSD174-250.14270.00000.01880.64350.03550.88700.0420.286
MCSD174-260.14530.00000.015812.62250.66090.72800.0410.506
MCSD174-270.13520.00000.014817.22070.90200.71200.0570.098
MCSD174-280.13260.00000.012810.04540.87900.79400.0600.202
MCSD174-290.07350.00030.08108.41010.97790.78200.0540.518
MCSD174-300.07580.00020.09202.47700.40720.89100.0730.465
MCSD174-310.06990.00030.03864.69660.51850.80700.0490.638
MCSD174-320.06480.00010.02815.39750.52360.83000.0490.600
MCSD174-330.06720.00010.03336.21370.47510.81500.0460.523
MCSD174-340.06640.00010.02639.56710.70870.78900.0510.667
MCSD174-350.06890.00000.028110.48220.79000.84400.0660.389
MCSD174-360.08170.00010.024912.98511.21230.74200.0790.580
MCSD174-370.08390.00000.01867.78550.61180.82900.0690.585
MCSD174-380.08650.00000.01796.18180.52840.82300.0490.653
MCSD174-390.08000.00010.01955.38550.38100.83200.0550.538
MCSD174-400.08310.00000.01502.68870.31980.84700.0330.545
MCSD174-410.08990.00000.012513.62091.07740.82100.0700.755
MCSD175
MCSD175-010.14710.00420.25041.61810.05070.84600.0260.413
MCSD175-020.09460.01290.16292.23300.04830.83700.0200.707
MCSD175-030.14170.00360.19492.58680.09160.82700.0180.696
MCSD175-040.20160.00650.24612.87930.05270.83900.0200.542
MCSD175-050.28760.00750.32902.97400.03910.80400.0120.274
MCSD175-060.28520.00420.29823.06860.05860.81000.0180.450
MCSD175-070.10660.00460.10647.04260.30860.75300.0370.677
MCSD175-080.24510.00390.23272.60450.08160.81700.0290.603
MCSD175-090.54970.01100.51713.04020.06130.81600.0170.572
MCSD175-100.89300.01020.79901.92870.05660.84300.0240.567
MCSD175-110.36330.01160.31881.60730.06070.83400.0210.642
MCSD175-120.31750.00850.27512.92350.04140.81200.0130.687
MCSD175-130.53240.01520.42393.35160.08700.80300.0150.325
MCSD175-140.19060.00110.06312.57120.07770.84200.0300.428
MCSD175-150.14440.00650.30131.32220.03380.84100.0220.402
MCSD175-160.23200.00620.28802.63390.03260.82200.0130.551
MCSD175-170.62730.01770.65702.72210.04200.81300.0140.208
MCSD175-180.28210.00710.28982.95090.08190.81200.0190.560
MCSD175-190.55100.01610.54843.10420.07190.83500.0210.607
MCSD175-200.07750.00020.07263.33150.13960.83200.0180.349
MCSD175-210.34800.00570.33403.66960.07450.80500.0140.199
MCSD175-220.76500.00990.68503.41810.08080.81900.0180.332
MCSD175-230.33310.00660.28822.18050.04340.82300.0180.490
MCSD175-240.42310.01220.35153.26390.06920.80800.0180.322
MCSD175-250.31590.00550.24723.88650.10440.83300.0250.435
MCSD175-260.40180.00550.30912.94010.13150.88100.0470.385
MCSD175-270.66500.00860.49193.02620.04180.81700.0120.472
MCSD175-280.33710.00700.23722.68670.05290.82100.0180.144
MCSD175-290.05830.00060.14531.14260.04510.88600.0310.408
MCSD175-300.10980.00780.18751.73450.04990.85100.0180.574
MCSD175-310.24810.00660.39372.69270.06020.80200.0150.559
MCSD175-320.11190.00240.18232.97890.04050.81500.0110.425
MCSD175-330.29780.00970.29903.63820.14270.83300.0360.426
MCSD175-340.18410.00440.19064.15910.15550.86000.0370.423
MCSD175-350.70290.00950.648112.76280.19590.66600.0140.463
MCSD175-360.36700.00390.30371.74700.06750.84200.0540.545
MCSD175-370.08910.00190.06399.86730.18850.71400.0160.683
MCSD175-380.54670.00880.37683.89060.08370.81300.0180.306
MCSD175-390.13180.00200.08661.61080.04310.84700.0220.444
MCSD175-401.03070.00570.247310.68350.18940.70300.0140.375
MCSD175-411.15040.00790.25403.33610.06620.79300.0170.483
MCSD175-421.87700.01340.32512.72620.05860.82600.0210.674
MCSD181
MCSD181-010.26850.00620.14426.13980.19280.77500.0290.434
MCSD181-020.29500.01060.122110.49740.19810.73300.0190.574
MCSD181-030.41590.00870.121610.74700.23950.71300.0170.349
MCSD181-040.53790.09330.150610.95860.23250.72400.0200.276
MCSD181-050.89000.03070.212112.25880.22860.70200.0150.498
MCSD181-060.86200.03900.200012.76510.21850.70600.0140.031
MCSD181-070.87000.01550.188710.73100.30250.70600.0270.583
MCSD181-081.15500.02380.243011.60950.24230.71200.0200.354
MCSD181-091.01000.02200.209111.70340.20830.70800.0190.515
MCSD181-101.55200.03960.29879.09770.20600.75400.0260.783
MCSD181-111.51400.08880.29544.85090.12360.78200.0240.276
MCSD181-121.75500.05930.327112.32150.23090.69000.0180.625
MCSD181-130.89690.01700.14029.12070.35650.71900.0650.622
MCSD181-141.74700.01930.222510.25920.20370.70200.0200.403
MCSD181-150.81950.00260.215013.29540.31770.68100.0190.584
MCSD181-160.49320.01750.125115.53420.32700.65100.0210.097
MCSD181-170.63450.03270.147213.03890.20450.70800.0130.684
MCSD181-181.13400.00160.24749.96240.19210.71400.0180.191
MCSD181-191.34600.03100.253513.34200.23630.68300.0150.493
MCSD181-200.81300.03260.140612.19680.22620.70500.0180.413
MCSD181-212.12500.03200.382712.60050.35120.68400.0260.233
MCSD181-220.93800.02230.159113.64400.25480.67700.0170.561
MCSD181-231.95500.02720.333011.61880.18290.71600.0160.258
MCSD181-241.83200.03150.299711.78350.16890.70900.0140.327
MCSD181-251.25700.00070.163012.05450.28130.72000.0240.563
MCSD181-261.58100.02310.213612.32150.29390.70900.0240.082
MCSD181-270.83000.05120.191213.10270.28480.68000.0240.313
MCSD181-286.53800.02201.432013.49390.25180.68900.0130.152
MCSD181-292.11400.03310.429713.19840.28900.70200.0200.282
MCSD181-305.86000.02061.190010.84040.15440.71200.0110.063
MCSD181-315.32000.01871.097010.28830.24880.73100.0210.174
MCSD181-323.49000.02060.706011.94900.17570.70300.0140.558
Table A2. U–Pb isotope analysis results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a.
Table A2. U–Pb isotope analysis results for standards AHS15D and AHX-1a.
U/ppmTh/ppmPb/ppm238U/206Pb±2σ207Pb/206Pb±2σrho
ASH15D
ASH15D_11.6070 0.0000 0.0011 1526.270 130.890 0.238 0.032 −0.614
ASH15D_23.2510 0.0000 0.0021 1584.505 73.054 0.253 0.016 −0.483
ASH15D_32.7730 0.0000 0.0007 1935.251 139.037 0.120 0.022 −0.690
ASH15D_43.4200 0.0000 0.0007 1942.795 143.911 0.096 0.021 −0.835
ASH15D_53.0820 0.0000 0.0006 1958.063 103.866 0.107 0.021 −0.755
ASH15D_61.5070 0.0000 0.0012 1469.991 104.070 0.261 0.028 −0.526
ASH15D_72.2960 0.0000 0.0007 1902.011 127.043 0.128 0.028 −0.718
ASH15D_82.1450 0.0000 0.0004 1876.938 137.854 0.123 0.023 −0.674
ASH15D_92.7710 0.0000 0.0016 1655.572 123.755 0.217 0.034 −0.796
ASH15D_102.2490 0.0000 0.0014 1727.303 179.616 0.176 0.038 −0.776
ASH15D_113.5910 0.0000 0.0007 2013.442 109.824 0.112 0.023 −0.797
ASH15D_122.7990 0.0000 0.0010 1799.014 110.409 0.147 0.024 −0.820
ASH15D_133.5240 0.0000 0.0020 1718.369 133.322 0.186 0.027 −0.861
ASH15D_141.8960 0.0000 0.0030 1124.891 77.447 0.393 0.029 −0.285
ASH15D_151.9400 0.0000 0.0004 1969.672 124.564 0.089 0.019 −0.410
ASH15D_161.8490 0.0000 0.0004 1981.420 110.298 0.127 0.028 −0.550
ASH15D_171.8951 0.0000 0.0040 1006.721 86.436 0.445 0.022 −0.642
ASH15D_181.7510 0.0000 0.0009 1795.773 187.666 0.196 0.041 −0.714
ASH15D_191.6230 0.0000 0.0006 1942.795 140.124 0.150 0.037 −0.559
ASH15D_201.9000 0.0000 0.0007 1805.532 153.732 0.152 0.040 −0.752
ASH15D_212.0850 0.0000 0.0007 1842.244 160.047 0.176 0.034 −0.685
ASH15D_222.2200 0.0000 0.0038 1097.637 66.487 0.402 0.024 −0.360
ASH15D_232.1943 0.0000 0.0004 1931.499 153.472 0.113 0.028 −0.681
ASH15D_240.9430 0.0000 0.0003 1931.499 179.674 0.136 0.044 −0.426
ASH15D_252.2390 0.0000 0.0019 1512.373 91.798 0.278 0.029 −0.555
ASH15D_262.1350 0.0000 0.0071 745.441 28.992 0.542 0.019 −0.106
ASH15D_273.1410 0.0000 0.0034 1337.791 73.623 0.332 0.019 −0.533
ASH15D_282.2800 0.0000 0.0011 1712.464 91.214 0.232 0.024 −0.322
ASH15D_292.0800 0.0000 0.0004 2033.987 103.775 0.114 0.026 −0.500
ASH15D_303.0580 0.0002 0.0006 1958.063 119.253 0.107 0.025 −0.653
ASH15D_311.9590 0.0000 0.0003 1965.787 120.196 0.102 0.023 −0.559
ASH15D_322.5280 0.0000 0.0009 1795.773 168.253 0.109 0.029 −0.804
ASH15D_332.1500 0.0000 0.0005 1946.590 110.256 0.105 0.023 −0.579
ASH15D_342.2170 0.0000 0.0006 1920.335 99.902 0.126 0.026 −0.665
ASH15D_351.6890 0.0000 0.0008 1703.682 180.561 0.171 0.045 −0.775
ASH15D_362.9710 0.0000 0.0006 1989.329 115.151 0.123 0.024 −0.700
ASH15D_373.9880 0.0000 0.0008 2017.518 118.437 0.107 0.020 −0.697
ASH15D_383.3240 0.0000 0.0010 1876.938 173.201 0.108 0.023 −0.816
ASH15D_393.1670 0.0000 0.0007 1985.367 106.783 0.126 0.025 −0.680
ASH15D_401.6260 0.0000 0.0004 1927.764 145.421 0.121 0.029 −0.484
ASH15D_411.1290 0.0000 0.0007 1675.048 143.576 0.220 0.034 −0.196
ASH15D_424.4900 0.0000 0.0010 1985.367 83.053 0.137 0.018 −0.630
ASH15D_431.6030 0.0000 0.0004 1894.780 136.885 0.126 0.031 −0.463
ASH15D_443.6600 0.0000 0.0012 1855.966 131.335 0.134 0.029 −0.839
ASH15D_451.7330 0.0000 0.0004 1935.251 135.280 0.142 0.029 −0.426
ASH15D_463.6880 0.0000 0.0007 2005.339 149.291 0.095 0.019 −0.760
ASH15D_471.5720 0.0000 0.0004 2059.203 119.127 0.148 0.035 −0.547
ASH15D_481.6580 0.0000 0.0004 2046.517 142.878 0.117 0.030 −0.542
ASH15D_491.4320 0.0000 0.0005 1832.084 134.712 0.144 0.036 −0.551
ASH15D_501.8590 0.0000 0.0007 1808.809 141.159 0.146 0.032 −0.704
AHX-1a
AHX-1a_10.1387 0.0000 0.0015 28.314 1.287 0.098 0.017 −0.847
AHX-1a_20.0982 0.0001 0.0008 28.998 1.012 0.098 0.009 −0.707
AHX-1a_30.1408 0.0001 0.0017 29.662 1.677 0.087 0.017 −0.881
AHX-1a_40.1079 0.0001 0.0005 29.733 0.976 0.070 0.007 −0.310
AHX-1a_50.1291 0.0000 0.0019 28.314 2.091 0.104 0.018 −0.868
AHX-1a_60.0930 0.0001 0.0006 29.091 1.019 0.092 0.012 −0.696
AHX-1a_70.1345 0.0001 0.1227 3.913 0.143 0.774 0.005 −0.295
AHX-1a_80.0929 0.0001 0.0007 28.872 1.004 0.092 0.012 −0.646
AHX-1a_90.1264 0.0003 0.0146 16.666 0.975 0.395 0.030 −0.925
AHX-1a_100.1000 0.0003 0.0005 29.253 1.030 0.077 0.007 −0.650
AHX-1a_110.1261 0.0002 0.0015 28.939 1.008 0.097 0.014 −0.804
AHX-1a_120.1032 0.0001 0.0011 27.996 1.258 0.092 0.013 −0.784
AHX-1a_130.1188 0.0001 0.0007 30.330 1.015 0.080 0.010 −0.471
AHX-1a_140.1012 0.0001 0.0006 29.210 0.942 0.081 0.010 −0.676
AHX-1a_150.1058 0.0001 0.0009 28.395 1.294 0.095 0.011 −0.749
AHX-1a_160.1028 0.0002 0.0015 27.381 1.730 0.108 0.018 −0.881
AHX-1a_170.0842 0.0002 0.0008 29.057 1.271 0.106 0.018 −0.622
AHX-1a_180.1519 0.0002 0.0008 29.813 0.981 0.082 0.009 −0.711
AHX-1a_190.1114 0.0002 0.0007 29.662 0.971 0.082 0.010 −0.545
AHX-1a_200.0899 0.0001 0.0006 29.219 1.028 0.086 0.010 −0.656
AHX-1a_210.1097 0.0002 0.0006 30.011 0.994 0.071 0.008 −0.713
AHX-1a_220.0981 0.0001 0.0009 29.057 1.186 0.101 0.014 −0.737
AHX-1a_230.1167 0.0001 0.0010 29.724 0.975 0.099 0.012 −0.616
AHX-1a_240.0968 0.0001 0.0010 28.973 1.179 0.107 0.016 −0.770
AHX-1a_250.1427 0.0002 0.0020 28.476 1.546 0.119 0.021 −0.905
AHX-1a_260.1070 0.0002 0.0014 28.154 1.193 0.107 0.018 −0.804
AHX-1a_270.2519 0.0002 0.0009 30.414 0.928 0.068 0.005 −0.423
AHX-1a_280.1972 0.0002 0.0312 14.097 0.738 0.500 0.020 −0.897
AHX-1a_290.2469 0.0001 0.0636 10.285 0.403 0.594 0.009 −0.722
AHX-1a_300.1790 0.0002 0.0673 7.841 0.259 0.660 0.008 −0.136
AHX-1a_310.1402 0.0001 0.0011 28.797 0.998 0.084 0.010 −0.742
AHX-1a_320.1856 0.0002 0.0008 29.365 0.865 0.066 0.005 −0.156
AHX-1a_330.0954 0.0001 0.0012 27.762 1.469 0.104 0.019 −0.754
AHX-1a_340.1709 0.0000 0.0007 28.492 0.977 0.071 0.008 −0.647
AHX-1a_350.1387 0.0001 0.0007 28.805 0.999 0.081 0.010 −0.599
AHX-1a_360.0914 0.0002 0.0011 27.762 1.160 0.110 0.016 −0.741
AHX-1a_370.1186 0.0001 0.0009 28.035 1.025 0.083 0.011 −0.794
AHX-1a_380.0916 0.0002 0.0006 28.714 0.993 0.077 0.007 −0.152
AHX-1a_390.1191 0.0000 0.0011 28.805 1.166 0.088 0.013 −0.766
AHX-1a_400.0981 0.0001 0.0009 28.476 1.383 0.098 0.014 −0.676
AHX-1a_410.1215 0.0001 0.0008 29.391 1.040 0.083 0.009 −0.734
AHX-1a_420.1031 0.0001 0.0009 28.722 1.159 0.091 0.012 −0.687
AHX-1a_430.1191 0.0000 0.0009 28.813 1.000 0.083 0.010 −0.446
AHX-1a_440.0881 0.0000 0.0008 27.685 1.154 0.098 0.013 −0.691
AHX-1a_450.1171 0.0001 0.0010 27.925 1.017 0.094 0.011 −0.590
AHX-1a_460.0953 0.0136 0.0007 27.839 1.011 0.089 0.011 −0.603
AHX-1a_470.0954 0.0004 0.0006 29.487 1.047 0.092 0.011 −0.494
AHX-1a_480.0964 0.0005 0.0007 28.557 1.227 0.089 0.011 −0.752
AHX-1a_490.0927 0.0022 0.0006 29.760 1.066 0.085 0.009 −0.337
AHX-1a_500.1155 0.0000 0.0009 28.776 0.712 0.090 0.009 −0.588

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Figure 1. Structure sketch map of the Magellan seamounts and samples location.
Figure 1. Structure sketch map of the Magellan seamounts and samples location.
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Figure 2. Photos of carbonate rock cores.
Figure 2. Photos of carbonate rock cores.
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Figure 3. Micrographs of carbonate rocks (with plane polarized light). (a) MCSD146; (b) MCSD165; (c) MCSD170; (d) MCSD174; (e) MCSD175; (f) MCSD181.
Figure 3. Micrographs of carbonate rocks (with plane polarized light). (a) MCSD146; (b) MCSD165; (c) MCSD170; (d) MCSD174; (e) MCSD175; (f) MCSD181.
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Figure 4. Laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating results of carbonate rocks.
Figure 4. Laser in situ U–Pb isotope dating results of carbonate rocks.
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Table 1. Oxide content of major elements in carbonate rocks from Weijia Guyot (wt.%).
Table 1. Oxide content of major elements in carbonate rocks from Weijia Guyot (wt.%).
SamplesSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MgOCaONa2OK2OMnOTiO2P2O5LOITotal
MCSD14615.056.113.690.7240.081.311.300.110.921.3229.95100.56
MCSD1650.080.020.010.5155.670.330.010.010.023.3540.21100.21
MCSD1700.010.010.010.6156.080.250.010.000.020.0243.29100.29
MCSD1740.030.050.000.6655.740.220.010.000.030.0943.41100.23
MCSD1750.010.010.000.6155.770.260.010.010.030.4243.40100.52
MCSD1811.700.060.050.4656.370.430.020.000.020.8439.6699.61
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Wei, Z.; Ma, J.; He, G.; Zhong, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, B. Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating of Carbonate Rocks in Weijia Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean and Its Geological Significance. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050737

AMA Style

Wei Z, Ma J, He G, Zhong L, Zhang L, Zhao B. Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating of Carbonate Rocks in Weijia Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean and Its Geological Significance. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(5):737. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050737

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei, Zhenquan, Jinfeng Ma, Gaowen He, Lifeng Zhong, Limin Zhang, and Bin Zhao. 2024. "Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating of Carbonate Rocks in Weijia Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean and Its Geological Significance" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 5: 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050737

APA Style

Wei, Z., Ma, J., He, G., Zhong, L., Zhang, L., & Zhao, B. (2024). Laser In Situ U–Pb Isotope Dating of Carbonate Rocks in Weijia Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean and Its Geological Significance. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(5), 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050737

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