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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/bios15020074
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Dual Biomarker Strategies for Liquid Biopsy: Integrating Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA for Enhanced Tumor Monitoring

by
Ga Young Moon
1,†,
Basak Dalkiran
1,†,
Hyun Sung Park
1,†,
Dongjun Shin
1,
Chaeyeon Son
1,
Jung Hyun Choi
1,2,
Seha Bang
1,
Hosu Lee
1,
Il Doh
2,
Dong Hyung Kim
2,
Woo-jin Jeong
1,3,* and
Jiyoon Bu
1,3,4,*
1
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
2
Division of Biomedical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
4
Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020074
Submission received: 28 December 2024 / Revised: 21 January 2025 / Accepted: 26 January 2025 / Published: 28 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing (2nd Edition))
Versions Notes

Abstract

The liquid biopsy has gained significant attention in cancer diagnostics, with circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) being recognized as key biomarkers for tumor detection and monitoring. However, each biomarker possesses inherent limitations that restrict its standalone clinical utility, such as the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs and the variable sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA assays. This highlights the necessity of integrating both biomarkers to maximize diagnostic and prognostic potential, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the tumor biology and therapeutic response. In this review, we summarize clinical studies that have explored the combined analysis of CTCs and ctDNA as biomarkers, providing insights into their synergistic value in diverse tumor types. Specifically, this paper examines the individual advantages and limitations of CTCs and ctDNA, details the findings of combined biomarker studies across various cancers, highlights the benefits of dual biomarker approaches over single-biomarker strategies, and discusses future prospects for advancing personalized oncology through liquid biopsies. By offering a comprehensive overview of clinical studies combining CTCs and ctDNA, this review serves as a guideline for researchers and clinicians aiming to enhance biomarker-based strategies in oncology and informs biosensor design for improved biomarker detection.
Keywords: liquid biopsy; circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumor cells (CTCs); diagnostic biomarker; tumor diagnosis liquid biopsy; circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumor cells (CTCs); diagnostic biomarker; tumor diagnosis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Moon, G.Y.; Dalkiran, B.; Park, H.S.; Shin, D.; Son, C.; Choi, J.H.; Bang, S.; Lee, H.; Doh, I.; Kim, D.H.; et al. Dual Biomarker Strategies for Liquid Biopsy: Integrating Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA for Enhanced Tumor Monitoring. Biosensors 2025, 15, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020074

AMA Style

Moon GY, Dalkiran B, Park HS, Shin D, Son C, Choi JH, Bang S, Lee H, Doh I, Kim DH, et al. Dual Biomarker Strategies for Liquid Biopsy: Integrating Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA for Enhanced Tumor Monitoring. Biosensors. 2025; 15(2):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020074

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moon, Ga Young, Basak Dalkiran, Hyun Sung Park, Dongjun Shin, Chaeyeon Son, Jung Hyun Choi, Seha Bang, Hosu Lee, Il Doh, Dong Hyung Kim, and et al. 2025. "Dual Biomarker Strategies for Liquid Biopsy: Integrating Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA for Enhanced Tumor Monitoring" Biosensors 15, no. 2: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020074

APA Style

Moon, G. Y., Dalkiran, B., Park, H. S., Shin, D., Son, C., Choi, J. H., Bang, S., Lee, H., Doh, I., Kim, D. H., Jeong, W.-j., & Bu, J. (2025). Dual Biomarker Strategies for Liquid Biopsy: Integrating Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA for Enhanced Tumor Monitoring. Biosensors, 15(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020074

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