What Role Does Sustainable Behavior and Environmental Awareness from Civil Society Play in the Planet’s Sustainable Transition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Structural Model
2.1. Sustainable Behaviours
2.2. Pro-Environmental Collective Actions/Environmental Activism
2.3. Environmental Concerns
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection and Measurement
3.2. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Analysis
4.2. Structural Model
5. Discussion and Implications
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Mean (M) | Std. Deviation | |
---|---|---|
A. Sustainable Behaviours | ||
A1. Sustainable consumption decisions | ||
Recyclable Packaging (RP) | 2.98 | 0.802 |
#1. When I have to choose a personal care product (e.g., shampoo, shower gel), I buy one with packaging made from recycled material. | 2.95 | 0.768 |
#2. When I buy bakery products (e.g., bread, sandwiches) I choose those that have a simple packaging design (e.g., monomaterial, which can be divided into recyclable materials) | 3.10 | 0.77 |
#3. When purchasing a product, I check the recycling information on the packaging to ensure that it is easily recyclable. | 2.80 | 0.873 |
#4. When I buy food products, I look for those with packaging that can also be used for other purposes (eg glass packaging that can be reused as a cup). | 3.06 | 0.795 |
Conscious Shopping (CS) * | 2.83 | 0.712 |
#5. I buy organic products | 2.62 | 0.661 |
#6. I buy recycled products | 2.76 | 0.611 |
#7. I choose products keeping in mind the CO2 emission (carbon footprint) | 2.4 | 0.771 |
#8. I try to fix things before buying replacement parts | 3.09 | 0.765 |
#9. I use recharge products | 3.04 | 0.711 |
#10. I don’t buy unnecessary products | 3.06 | 0.753 |
Zero Plastic (ZP) * | 3.11 | 0.760 |
#11. I use my own bottle or glass of water | 3.33 | 0.764 |
#12. I use a container instead of a plastic bag | 2.89 | 0.843 |
#13. I use my own bag/purse to go shopping | 3.38 | 0.714 |
#14. Reduce the use of disposable products | 3.04 | 0.722 |
#15. I don’t buy overpackaged products | 2.92 | 0.773 |
A2. Sustainable household practices * | ||
Energy Saving (ES) | 3.19 | 0.785 |
#16. Avoid overloading the fridge | 2.91 | 0.803 |
#17. I reduce the opening and closing of the refrigerator door | 3.19 | 0.776 |
#18. I use stairs instead of elevators | 2.84 | 0.834 |
#19. Adjust the air conditioning temperature | 3.06 | 0.956 |
#20. I turn off the lights in empty rooms | 3.65 | 0.619 |
#21. Turn off devices not in use | 3.46 | 0.716 |
#22. I turn off the TV when people aren’t watching | 3.49 | 0.721 |
#23. I set a lower shower temperature | 2.63 | 0.929 |
#24. Buy energy efficient appliances | 3.24 | 0.765 |
#25. I use LED lamp instead of fluorescent lamps | 3.46 | 0.728 |
Water Saving (WS) | 2.47 | 0.712 |
#26. I use the toothbrush cup | 2.31 | 1.128 |
#27. I turn off the water when washing my face or brushing my teeth | 3.42 | 0.762 |
#28. I take short showers | 3.17 | 0.707 |
#29. I reduce the frequency of washing clothes | 2.95 | 0.775 |
#30. Use dishwasher | 2.96 | 0.897 |
B. Environmental Awareness ** | ||
B1. Environmental Concerns | 4.62 | 0.657 |
#31. I am concerned about the consumption of natural resources and the consequences for future generations. | 4.67 | 0.634 |
#32. Waste of resources is a serious problem. | 4.86 | 0.448 |
#33. In our country we are not doing enough to encourage waste recycling. | 4.32 | 0.884 |
#34. Protecting the natural environment is one of the most important issues facing the world. | 4.62 | 0.679 |
#35. Increasing the shelf life of the products we use must be a priority in order to preserve the balance of nature. | 4.65 | 0.638 |
B2. Environmental Activism | 2.92 | 1.207 |
#36. I talk to other people about environmental issues. | 3.61 | 0.969 |
#37. I work with others to solve environmental problems or issues. | 2.75 | 1.154 |
#38. I participate as a volunteer in initiatives aimed at improving the natural environment of my community. | 2.35 | 1.24 |
#39. I visit natural sites where I live to support initiatives to protect natural heritage. | 3.08 | 1.319 |
#40. I make donations and/or sign petitions to support environmental protection. | 2.80 | 1.354 |
Gender | Age | Education | Income | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p-Value | Beta | p-Value | Beta | p-Value | Beta | p-Value | |
RecyclablePackaging (RP) | 0.125 | 0.000 | 0.281 | 0.000 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
Conscious Shopping (CS) | 0.100 | 0.015 | 0.178 | 0.000 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
Zero Plastic (ZP) | 0.260 | 0.000 | 0.116 | 0.003 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
Energy Saving (ES) | 0.141 | 0.000 | 0.262 | 0.000 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
Water Saving (WS) | 0.173 | 0.000 | 0.263 | 0.000 | --- | 0.018 | --- | >0.05 |
Environmental Concerns (EC) | 0.148 | 0.000 | 0.144 | 0.000 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
Environmental Activism (EA) | 0.180 | 0.000 | 0.239 | 0.000 | --- | >0.05 | --- | >0.05 |
RP | CS | ZP | ES | WS | EC | EA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recyclable Packaging (RP) | |||||||
#1. When I have to choose a personal care product (e.g., shampoo, shower gel), I buy one with packaging made from recycled material. | 0.845 | ||||||
#2. When I buy bakery products (e.g., bread, sandwiches) I choose those that have a simple packaging design (e.g., monomaterial, which can be divided into recyclable materials) | 0.833 | ||||||
#3. When purchasing a product, I check the recycling information on the packaging to ensure that it is easily recyclable. | 0.861 | ||||||
#4. When I buy food products, I look for those with packaging that can also be used for other purposes (eg glass packaging that can be reused as a cup). | 0.829 | ||||||
Conscious Shopping (CS) | |||||||
#5. I buy organic products | 0.709 | ||||||
#6. I buy recycled products | 0.789 | ||||||
#7. I choose products keeping in mind the CO2 emission (carbon footprint) | 0.763 | ||||||
#8. I try to fix things before buying replacement parts | 0.686 | ||||||
#9. I use recharge products | 0.717 | ||||||
#10. I don’t buy unnecessary products | 0.578 | ||||||
Zero Plastic (ZP) | |||||||
#11. I use my own bottle or glass of water | 0.705 | ||||||
#12. I use a container instead of a plastic bag | 0.762 | ||||||
#13. I use my own bag/purse to go shopping | 0.752 | ||||||
#14. Reduce the use of disposable products | 0.838 | ||||||
#15. I don’t buy overpackaged products | 0.782 | ||||||
Energy Saving (ES) | |||||||
#16. Avoid overloading the fridge | 0.664 | ||||||
#17. I reduce the opening and closing of the refrigerator door | 0.638 | ||||||
#18. I use stairs instead of elevators | 0.697 | ||||||
#19. Adjust the air conditioning temperature | 0.558 | ||||||
#20. I turn off the lights in empty rooms | 0.521 | ||||||
#21. Turn off devices not in use | 0.723 | ||||||
#22. I turn off the TV when people aren’t watching | 0.679 | ||||||
#23. I set a lower shower temperature | 0.666 | ||||||
#24. Buy energy efficient appliances | 0.596 | ||||||
#25. I use LED lamp instead of fluorescent lamps | 0.701 | ||||||
Water Saving (WS) | |||||||
#26. I use the toothbrush cup | 0.736 | ||||||
#27. I turn off the water when washing my face or brushing my teeth | 0.764 | ||||||
#28. I take short showers | 0.730 | ||||||
#29. I reduce the frequency of washing clothes | 0.758 | ||||||
#30. Use dishwasher | 0.773 | ||||||
Environmental Concerns (EC) | |||||||
#31. I am concerned about the consumption of natural resources and the consequences for future generations. | 0.754 | ||||||
#32. Waste of resources is a serious problem. | 0.785 | ||||||
#33. In our country we are not doing enough to encourage waste recycling. | 0.733 | ||||||
#34. Protecting the natural environment is one of the most important issues facing the world. | 0.739 | ||||||
#35. Increasing the shelf life of the products we use must be a priority in order to preserve the balance of nature. | 0.809 | ||||||
Environmental Activism (EA) | |||||||
#36. I talk to other people about environmental issues. | 0.767 | ||||||
#37. I work with others to solve environmental problems or issues. | 0.765 | ||||||
#38. I participate as a volunteer in initiatives aimed at improving the natural environment of my community. | 0.743 | ||||||
#39. I visit natural sites where I live to support initiatives to protect natural heritage. | 0.716 | ||||||
#40. I make donations and/or sign petitions to support environmental protection. | 0.706 |
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Cα | CR | AVE | RP | CS | ZP | ES | WS | EA | EC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recyclable Packaging (RP) | 0.863 | 0.907 | 0.709 | 0.842 | ||||||
Conscious shopping (CS) | 0.807 | 0.858 | 0.504 | 0.525 | 0.710 | |||||
Zero Plastic (ZP) | 0.827 | 0.878 | 0.592 | 0.446 | 0.638 | 0.769 | ||||
Energy Saving (ES) | 0.844 | 0.877 | 0.519 | 0.380 | 0.552 | 0.562 | 0.720 | |||
Water Saving (WS) | 0.752 | 0.775 | 0.519 | 0.381 | 0.525 | 0.544 | 0.605 | 0.720 | ||
Environmemtal Concerns (EC) | 0.753 | 0.834 | 0.508 | 0.353 | 0.310 | 0.335 | 0.552 | 0.317 | 0.713 | |
Environmental Activism (EA) | 0.795 | 0.858 | 0.547 | 0.564 | 0.401 | 0.344 | 0.248 | 0.337 | 0.328 | 0.740 |
Effects on Endogenous Variable | Path (β) | t Value (Bootstrap) | Confidence Interval | Hypothesis Support | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5% | 97.5% | ||||
H1a: EA → RP | 0.502 | 17.784 | 0.444 | 0.556 | Yes |
H1b: EA → CS | 0.335 | 7.935 | 0.256 | 0.416 | Yes |
H1c: EA → ZP | 0.263 | 6.301 | 0.181 | 0.346 | Yes |
H1d: EA → ES | 0.160 | 3.318 | 0.067 | 0.260 | Yes |
H1e: EA → WS | 0.261 | 6.501 | 0.181 | 0.339 | Yes |
H2a: EC → RP | 0.188 | 4.948 | 0.101 | 0.249 | Yes |
H2b: EC → CS | 0.200 | 4.293 | 0.107 | 0.287 | Yes |
H2c: EC → ZP | 0.249 | 5.734 | 0.168 | 0.332 | Yes |
H2d: EC → ES | 0.270 | 5.149 | 0.174 | 0.371 | Yes |
H2e: EC → WS | 0.232 | 5.021 | 0.140 | 0.319 | Yes |
H3: EC → EA | 0.328 | 10.366 | 0.271 | 0.387 | Yes |
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Pinho, M.; Gomes, S. What Role Does Sustainable Behavior and Environmental Awareness from Civil Society Play in the Planet’s Sustainable Transition. Resources 2023, 12, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12030042
Pinho M, Gomes S. What Role Does Sustainable Behavior and Environmental Awareness from Civil Society Play in the Planet’s Sustainable Transition. Resources. 2023; 12(3):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12030042
Chicago/Turabian StylePinho, Micaela, and Sofia Gomes. 2023. "What Role Does Sustainable Behavior and Environmental Awareness from Civil Society Play in the Planet’s Sustainable Transition" Resources 12, no. 3: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12030042
APA StylePinho, M., & Gomes, S. (2023). What Role Does Sustainable Behavior and Environmental Awareness from Civil Society Play in the Planet’s Sustainable Transition. Resources, 12(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12030042