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Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/technologies13020051
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape*

by
Timothy R. McIntosh
1,2,*,
Teo Susnjak
3,
Tong Liu
3,
Paul Watters
4,
Dan Xu
5,
Dongwei Liu
6 and
Malka N. Halgamuge
1
1
Accounting, Info Sys & Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
2
Cyberoo Pty Ltd., 81-83 Campbell Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
3
School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
4
Cyberstronomy Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
5
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, 833 Collins St, Docklands, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia
6
Coles Group, 800 Toorak Rd, Hawthorn East, Melbourne, VIC 3123, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Technologies 2025, 13(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13020051
Submission received: 28 October 2024 / Revised: 23 January 2025 / Accepted: 23 January 2025 / Published: 30 January 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

This comprehensive survey explored the evolving landscape of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), with a specific focus on the recent technological breakthroughs and the gathering advancements toward possible Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). It critically examined the current state and future trajectory of generative AI, exploring how innovations in developing actionable and multimodal AI agents with the ability scale their “thinking” in solving complex reasoning tasks are reshaping research priorities and applications across various domains, while the survey also offers an impact analysis on the generative AI research taxonomy. This work has assessed the computational challenges, scalability, and real-world implications of these technologies while highlighting their potential in driving significant progress in fields like healthcare, finance, and education. Our study also addressed the emerging academic challenges posed by the proliferation of both AI-themed and AI-generated preprints, examining their impact on the peer-review process and scholarly communication. The study highlighted the importance of incorporating ethical and human-centric methods in AI development, ensuring alignment with societal norms and welfare, and outlined a strategy for future AI research that focuses on a balanced and conscientious use of generative AI as its capabilities continue to scale.
Keywords: AI ethics; artificial general intelligence (AGI); artificial intelligence (AI); Gemini; generative AI; mixture of experts (MoE); multimodality; Q* (Q-star); test-time compute; agentic AI; research impact analysis AI ethics; artificial general intelligence (AGI); artificial intelligence (AI); Gemini; generative AI; mixture of experts (MoE); multimodality; Q* (Q-star); test-time compute; agentic AI; research impact analysis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

McIntosh, T.R.; Susnjak, T.; Liu, T.; Watters, P.; Xu, D.; Liu, D.; Halgamuge, M.N. From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape*. Technologies 2025, 13, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13020051

AMA Style

McIntosh TR, Susnjak T, Liu T, Watters P, Xu D, Liu D, Halgamuge MN. From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape*. Technologies. 2025; 13(2):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13020051

Chicago/Turabian Style

McIntosh, Timothy R., Teo Susnjak, Tong Liu, Paul Watters, Dan Xu, Dongwei Liu, and Malka N. Halgamuge. 2025. "From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape*" Technologies 13, no. 2: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13020051

APA Style

McIntosh, T. R., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Xu, D., Liu, D., & Halgamuge, M. N. (2025). From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape*. Technologies, 13(2), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13020051

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