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Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/toxics13020119
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Impairment

by
Lishan Jiang
1,†,
Mingxia Shao
1,†,
Chao Song
1,
Li Zhou
1,
Wenke Nie
1,
Hang Yu
1,
Siqi Wang
1,
Yongping Liu
1,2,* and
Li Yu
1,2,*
1
Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
2
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxics 2025, 13(2), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020119
Submission received: 6 January 2025 / Revised: 29 January 2025 / Accepted: 31 January 2025 / Published: 2 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuronal Injury and Disease Induced by Environmental Toxicants)
Versions Notes

Abstract

PM2.5 is fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm. Recent evidence has shown that exposure to PM2.5 markedly elevates the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, which may culminate in cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which PM2.5 affects cognitive function are unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that PM2.5-induced epigenetic alterations are associated with the development of cognitive impairment. Epigenetic alterations include modifications to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic alterations are related to inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, cardiovascular factors, and alterations in neuronal structure and function. This review reports the latest findings on the relationship between PM2.5-induced epigenetic alterations and the development of cognitive disorders, offering novel insights into the cognitive effects of air pollution.
Keywords: PM2.5; epigenetic; cognitive impairment PM2.5; epigenetic; cognitive impairment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, L.; Shao, M.; Song, C.; Zhou, L.; Nie, W.; Yu, H.; Wang, S.; Liu, Y.; Yu, L. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Toxics 2025, 13, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020119

AMA Style

Jiang L, Shao M, Song C, Zhou L, Nie W, Yu H, Wang S, Liu Y, Yu L. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Toxics. 2025; 13(2):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020119

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Lishan, Mingxia Shao, Chao Song, Li Zhou, Wenke Nie, Hang Yu, Siqi Wang, Yongping Liu, and Li Yu. 2025. "The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Impairment" Toxics 13, no. 2: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020119

APA Style

Jiang, L., Shao, M., Song, C., Zhou, L., Nie, W., Yu, H., Wang, S., Liu, Y., & Yu, L. (2025). The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Toxics, 13(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020119

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