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Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/toxics13020072
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Retraction of Toxics 2022, 10(7), 388.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Paola et al. Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388

by
Davide Di Paola
1,†,
Carmelo Iaria
1,†,
Fabio Marino
1,
Enrico Gugliandolo
2,
Cristian Piras
3,
Rosalia Crupi
2,
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
1,4,*,
Nunziacarla Spanò
5,*,
Domenico Britti
3,‡ and
Alessio Filippo Peritore
1,‡
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
3
Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
4
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
5
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The first two authors contributed equally to this study.
‡
These authors shared senior authorship.
Toxics 2025, 13(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020072
Submission received: 9 January 2025 / Accepted: 9 January 2025 / Published: 22 January 2025
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article entitled “Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin” [1], which is cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the duplication of images between this article [1] and other publications [2,3] produced by the same authorship group.
Adhering to our procedure on complaints, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and the Editorial Board that confirmed the duplication of panels within Figures 2 and 3 published in [1] and panels in Figure 1 published in [2,3], showing different experimental conditions. Following discussions with the authors, the Editorial Board was unable to fully verify the validity of the duplicated images. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Toxics.
The authors did not agree to this retraction.

References

  1. Paola, D.D.; Iaria, C.; Marino, F.; Gugliandolo, E.; Piras, C.; Crupi, R.; Cuzzocrea, S.; Spanò, N.; Britti, D.; Peritore, A.F. RETRACTED: Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Di Paola, D.; Capparucci, F.; Lanteri, G.; Cordaro, M.; Crupi, R.; Siracusa, R.; D’Amico, R.; Fusco, R.; Impellizzeri, D.; Cuzzocrea, S.; et al. RETRACTED: Combined Toxicity of Xenobiotics Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals on zebrafish Embryos (Danio rerio). Toxics 2021, 9, 344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Di Paola, D.; Natale, S.; Gugliandolo, E.; Cordaro, M.; Crupi, R.; Siracusa, R.; D’Amico, R.; Fusco, R.; Impellizzeri, D.; Cuzzocrea, S.; et al. RETRACTED: Assessment of 2-Pentadecyl-2-oxazoline Role on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation on Early Stage Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Life 2022, 12, 128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Paola, D.D.; Iaria, C.; Marino, F.; Gugliandolo, E.; Piras, C.; Crupi, R.; Cuzzocrea, S.; Spanò, N.; Britti, D.; Peritore, A.F. RETRACTED: Paola et al. Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388. Toxics 2025, 13, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020072

AMA Style

Paola DD, Iaria C, Marino F, Gugliandolo E, Piras C, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Britti D, Peritore AF. RETRACTED: Paola et al. Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388. Toxics. 2025; 13(2):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola, Davide Di, Carmelo Iaria, Fabio Marino, Enrico Gugliandolo, Cristian Piras, Rosalia Crupi, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Nunziacarla Spanò, Domenico Britti, and Alessio Filippo Peritore. 2025. "RETRACTED: Paola et al. Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388" Toxics 13, no. 2: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020072

APA Style

Paola, D. D., Iaria, C., Marino, F., Gugliandolo, E., Piras, C., Crupi, R., Cuzzocrea, S., Spanò, N., Britti, D., & Peritore, A. F. (2025). RETRACTED: Paola et al. Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics 2022, 10, 388. Toxics, 13(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020072

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