A Promising Genotype of Lepidium sativum for Enhanced Yield and Agronomic Performances Under Optimal Growth Conditions

Lepidium sativum, commonly known as garden cress, is a notable traditional medicinal plant within the Brassicaceae family, widely recognized for its health benefits in the globe. This study aimed to identify the seed colour variant best suited to the climate of Ethiopia, specifically in the Ataye region, by examining various agronomic traits. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two distinct seed colour variants (brown and light blue) following standard agronomic protocols. Results indicated that the brown seed variant outperformed the light blue variant across multiple agronomic traits, demonstrating a shorter time to 50% germination, flowering, and maturation. Statistically significant differences were observed in these parameters. Additionally, plants derived from brown seeds exhibited superior growth characteristics, including greater plant height, longer primary branch length, and a higher number of primary branches per plant compared to those from light blue seeds. Furthermore, the brown seed variant displayed increased productivity, with more pods and seeds per plant, a greater one thousand seed weight, and a higher overall yield. The only traits showing no significant differences were the number of secondary branches per plant and internode length. Overall, the brown seed variant demonstrated strong adaptability to the Ataye climatic conditions, excelling in yield per hectare as well as in the number of seeds and pods produced. Based on these findings, we recommend the cultivation of brown seed colour variants for optimal performance in Ataye region, Ethiopia.