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Volume 9
Issue 12
10.3390/tropicalmed9120285
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Case Report

The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up

by
Tommaso Furlanello
1,
Elisa Mazzotta
2,*,
Cristina Bertasio
3,
Mario D’Incau
3,
Laura Bellinati
2,
Laura Lucchese
2 and
Alda Natale
2
1
Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory San Marco, Via dell’Industria, 3-35030 Veggiano, Italy
2
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
3
National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25121 Brescia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(12), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285
Submission received: 14 October 2024 / Revised: 17 November 2024 / Accepted: 21 November 2024 / Published: 22 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in Leptospirosis in Livestock and Companion Animals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identify the infecting strain without further analysis. This study reports the use of various indirect (microscopic agglutination test, MAT) and direct (microbiological culture, real-time PCR) laboratory techniques, followed by typing protocols (Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple Loci Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), serotyping) that allowed for the identification of the Leptospira serovar Australis in a symptomatic and previously vaccinated dog (vaccine containing heterologous strains). This study reports long-term clinical follow-up (0–640 days) and describes the possible role of the infection in the development of chronic renal failure. This study aims to highlight how a combination of different techniques can be useful to better characterise the environmental circulation of zoonotic agents. Therefore, the identification and isolation of circulating L. strains would facilitate the updating of epidemiological data, enhance the knowledge of pathogenicity and long-term clinical effects, and provide a valuable resource for improving the efficacy of a specific serovar vaccination.
Keywords: canine leptospirosis; chronic kidney disease; Leptospira Australis; sequencing; genotyping; serotyping canine leptospirosis; chronic kidney disease; Leptospira Australis; sequencing; genotyping; serotyping

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Furlanello, T.; Mazzotta, E.; Bertasio, C.; D’Incau, M.; Bellinati, L.; Lucchese, L.; Natale, A. The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9, 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285

AMA Style

Furlanello T, Mazzotta E, Bertasio C, D’Incau M, Bellinati L, Lucchese L, Natale A. The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2024; 9(12):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285

Chicago/Turabian Style

Furlanello, Tommaso, Elisa Mazzotta, Cristina Bertasio, Mario D’Incau, Laura Bellinati, Laura Lucchese, and Alda Natale. 2024. "The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 12: 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285

APA Style

Furlanello, T., Mazzotta, E., Bertasio, C., D’Incau, M., Bellinati, L., Lucchese, L., & Natale, A. (2024). The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 9(12), 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285

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