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Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in Leptospirosis in Livestock and Companion...
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Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in Leptospirosis in Livestock and Companion Animals

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 2081

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elisa Mazzotta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Interests: zoonoses; one health; leptospirosis; emergent zoonotic pathogens; veterinary medicine; infectious diseases; parasitic diseases; small animal internal medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Laura Bellinati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Interests: zoonosis; one health; leptospirosis; emergent zoonotic pathogens; infectious diseases; molecular biology; genotyping methods
Dr. Greta Foiani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Interests: veterinary pathology; histopathology; citology; immunoistochemistry; infectious diseases; parasitic diseases; zoonoses; one health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Leptospirosis is caused by spirochaetal bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is an almost endemic disease worldwide. Leptospira spp. can potentially affect all mammals, which may act as primary or defective hosts and develop the acute disease, or as carrier hosts, primarily responsible for spreading the disease. Further exploration is needed to define the epidemiological role of domestic animals as carriers or environmental sentinels of leptospirosis as well as the transmission chains among domestic, wild and synanthropic animals. Advanced diagnostic methods enable the identification of circulating strains of Leptospira in farm and companion animals and comparison of the existence of genotypes shared with humans and wildlife.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather advances in knowledge about leptospirosis in livestock and companion animals. These include atypical or unusual clinical presentations, clinical and epidemiological data, and anatomopathological and histopathological findings identified using advanced laboratory (e.g., serological, bacteriological, biomolecular, genomic and immunohistochemical) and diagnostic techniques.

Scientific contributions regarding clinical cases are welcome as long as they report confirmatory tests for leptospirosis. For anatomopathological cases, necroscopic and histopathological findings demonstrating the harmful action of the etiological factor identified are required.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • One Health;
  • Zoonoses;
  • Epidemiology;
  • Clinical symptoms;
  • Histopathology;
  • Immunohistochemistry;
  • Leptospirosis and co-morbidities;
  • Bacterial culture;
  • Serological diagnostic methods;
  • Molecular diagnostic methods;
  • Molecular typing methods;
  • Vaccination.

Dr. Elisa Mazzotta
Dr. Laura Bellinati
Dr. Greta Foiani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • leptospirosis
  • companion animals
  • livestock
  • sequencing
  • genotyping
  • serology
  • molecular biology
  • histopathology
  • immunohistochemistry
  • epidemiology
  • zoonosis
  • one health

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 2476 KiB  
Article
Are Pathogenic Leptospira Species Ubiquitous in Urban Recreational Parks in Sydney, Australia?
by Xiao Lu, Mark E. Westman, Rachel Mizzi, Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline M. Norris, Cheryl Jenkins and Michael P. Ward
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(6), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9060128 - 6 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the spirochete bacteria Leptospira spp. From December 2017 to December 2023, a total of 34 canine leptospirosis cases were reported in urban Sydney, Australia. During the same spatio-temporal frame, one locally acquired human case was also [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the spirochete bacteria Leptospira spp. From December 2017 to December 2023, a total of 34 canine leptospirosis cases were reported in urban Sydney, Australia. During the same spatio-temporal frame, one locally acquired human case was also reported. As it was hypothesised that human residents and companion dogs might both be exposed to pathogenic Leptospira in community green spaces in Sydney, an environmental survey was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024 to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA in multipurpose, recreational public parks in the council areas of the Inner West and City of Sydney, Australia. A total of 75 environmental samples were collected from 20 public parks that were easily accessible by human and canine visitors. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) testing targeting pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira spp. was performed, and differences in detection of Leptospira spp. between dog-allowed and dog-prohibited areas were statistically examined. The global Moran’s Index was calculated to identify any spatial autocorrelation in the qPCR results. Pathogenic leptospires were detected in all 20 parks, either in water or soil samples (35/75 samples). Cycle threshold (Ct) values were slightly lower for water samples (Ct 28.52–39.10) compared to soil samples (Ct 33.78–39.77). The chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test results were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05 for both water and soil samples), and there was no spatial autocorrelation detected in the qPCR results (p > 0.05 for both sample types). Although further research is now required, our preliminary results indicate the presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA and its potential ubiquity in recreational parks in Sydney. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in Leptospirosis in Livestock and Companion Animals)
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9 pages, 347 KiB  
Case Report
The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-up
by Tommaso Furlanello, Elisa Mazzotta, Cristina Bertasio, Mario D’Incau, Laura Bellinati, Laura Lucchese and Alda Natale
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(12), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9120285 - 22 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identify the infecting strain without further analysis. This study reports the use of various indirect (microscopic agglutination test, MAT) and direct (microbiological culture, real-time PCR) laboratory techniques, followed by typing protocols (Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple Loci Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), serotyping) that allowed for the identification of the Leptospira serovar Australis in a symptomatic and previously vaccinated dog (vaccine containing heterologous strains). This study reports long-term clinical follow-up (0–640 days) and describes the possible role of the infection in the development of chronic renal failure. This study aims to highlight how a combination of different techniques can be useful to better characterise the environmental circulation of zoonotic agents. Therefore, the identification and isolation of circulating L. strains would facilitate the updating of epidemiological data, enhance the knowledge of pathogenicity and long-term clinical effects, and provide a valuable resource for improving the efficacy of a specific serovar vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in Leptospirosis in Livestock and Companion Animals)
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