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Volume 8
Issue 1
10.3390/ceramics8010010
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Effect of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modelling Printing on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramic Samples Produced by a Multistage Manufacturing Process

by
Anton Smirnov
1,2,*,
Oleg Yanushevich
3,
Natella Krikheli
3,
Yulia Zhukovskaya
3,
Mihail Soloninkin
2,
Petr Naumenko
1,3,
Nestor Washington Solis Pinargote
1,2,
Pavel Peretyagin
1,3,
Sergey Grigoriev
1 and
Nikita Nikitin
1,4,*
1
Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky Per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia
2
Laboratory of 3D Structural and Functional Engineering, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky Per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia
3
Scientific Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dolgorukovskaya Str. 4, Moscow 127006, Russia
4
College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science & Technology (MISIS), Leninskii Prosp. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ceramics 2025, 8(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010010
Submission received: 31 October 2024 / Revised: 13 January 2025 / Accepted: 20 January 2025 / Published: 24 January 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

The process of creating ceramic items using fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables the creation of intricate shapes for a variety of purposes, including tooling and prototyping. However, due to the numerous variables involved in the process, it is challenging to discern the impact of each parameter on the final characteristics of FDM components, which impedes the advancement of this technology. This paper deals with the application of statistical analysis in the study of the dependence of the flexural strength of sintered zirconia disks on the printing parameters (nozzle diameter, layer thickness, and infill pattern) of the fused deposition method printing of a ceramic–polymer filament containing 80 wt.% zirconia and 20 wt.% polylactide. X-ray-computed tomography and diffraction systems, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, were used for a microstructural analysis of the sintered samples. It was found that the nozzle diameter and infill pattern have no significant influence on the flexural strength values. It was assumed that this is due to the heterogeneous distribution of the ceramic phase in the manufactured filament during extrusion. On the other hand, correlation analysis and analysis of correlation diagrams have shown that the thickness of the filling layer has the greatest effect on flexural strength. The maximum (684 МPa) strength value was found in a sample printed with a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. The minimum layer thickness ensures a more uniform distribution of ceramic particles and minimizes defects in samples that occur during FDM printing. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the considered process of manufacturing ceramic products from ZrO2 printed using FDM technology from extruded composite filaments.
Keywords: zirconia; polylactide; fused deposition modelling; nozzle diameter; infill pattern; layer height; biaxial strength; X-ray computed tomography; correlation graph; hierarchical classification zirconia; polylactide; fused deposition modelling; nozzle diameter; infill pattern; layer height; biaxial strength; X-ray computed tomography; correlation graph; hierarchical classification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Smirnov, A.; Yanushevich, O.; Krikheli, N.; Zhukovskaya, Y.; Soloninkin, M.; Naumenko, P.; Solis Pinargote, N.W.; Peretyagin, P.; Grigoriev, S.; Nikitin, N. The Effect of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modelling Printing on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramic Samples Produced by a Multistage Manufacturing Process. Ceramics 2025, 8, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010010

AMA Style

Smirnov A, Yanushevich O, Krikheli N, Zhukovskaya Y, Soloninkin M, Naumenko P, Solis Pinargote NW, Peretyagin P, Grigoriev S, Nikitin N. The Effect of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modelling Printing on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramic Samples Produced by a Multistage Manufacturing Process. Ceramics. 2025; 8(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010010

Chicago/Turabian Style

Smirnov, Anton, Oleg Yanushevich, Natella Krikheli, Yulia Zhukovskaya, Mihail Soloninkin, Petr Naumenko, Nestor Washington Solis Pinargote, Pavel Peretyagin, Sergey Grigoriev, and Nikita Nikitin. 2025. "The Effect of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modelling Printing on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramic Samples Produced by a Multistage Manufacturing Process" Ceramics 8, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010010

APA Style

Smirnov, A., Yanushevich, O., Krikheli, N., Zhukovskaya, Y., Soloninkin, M., Naumenko, P., Solis Pinargote, N. W., Peretyagin, P., Grigoriev, S., & Nikitin, N. (2025). The Effect of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Diameter in Fused Deposition Modelling Printing on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramic Samples Produced by a Multistage Manufacturing Process. Ceramics, 8(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010010

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